Miami-Dade County, Florida

Miami-Dade County, Florida
County
Miami-Dade County

The Miami-Dade County Courthouse

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Map of Florida highlighting Miami-Dade County
Location in the state of Florida
Map of the United States highlighting Florida
Florida's location in the U.S.
Founded January 18, 1836
Named for Francis L. Dade
Seat Miami
Largest city Miami
Area
 • Total 2,431 sq mi (6,296 km2)
 • Land 1,898 sq mi (4,916 km2)
 • Water 533 sq mi (1,380 km2)
Population (est.)
 • (2015) 2,693,117
 • Density 1,378.9/sq mi (532/km²)
Congressional districts 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th
Time zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Website www.miamidade.gov

Miami-Dade County (commonly called Dade County, Dade, Metro-Dade or Greater Miami) is a county located in the southeastern part of the State of Florida and is the southeasternmost county on the U.S. mainland. According to the 2015 census, the county had a population of 2,693,117,[1] making it the most populous county in Florida and the seventh-most populous county in the United States.[2] It is also Florida's third-largest county in terms of land area, with 1,946 square miles (5,040 km2). The county seat is Miami.[3]

Miami-Dade County is included in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The county is home to 34 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas. The northern, central and eastern portions of the county are heavily urbanized with many high rises up the coastline, as well as the location of South Florida's central business district, Downtown Miami. Southern Miami-Dade County includes the Redland and Homestead areas, which make up the agricultural economy of Miami. Agricultural Redland makes up roughly one third of Miami-Dade County's inhabited land area, and is sparsely populated, a stark contrast to the densely populated, urban northern Miami-Dade County. The western portion of the county extends into the Everglades National Park and is populated only by a Miccosukee tribal village. East of the mainland in Biscayne Bay is also Biscayne National Park and the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserves.[4]

History

Further information: History of Miami, Florida

Native peoples

The earliest evidence of Native American settlement in the Miami region came from about 12,000 years ago.[5] The first inhabitants settled on the banks of the Miami River, with the main villages on the northern banks.

The inhabitants at the time of first European contact were the Tequesta people, who controlled much of southeastern Florida, including what is now Miami-Dade County, Broward County, and the southern part of Palm Beach County. The Tequesta Indians fished, hunted, and gathered the fruit and roots of plants for food, but did not practice any form of agriculture. They buried the small bones of the deceased with the rest of the body, and put the larger bones in a box for the village people to see. The Tequesta are credited with making the Miami Circle.[6]

European explorers and settlers

Juan Ponce de León was the first European to visit the area in 1513 by sailing into Biscayne Bay. His journal records that he reached Chequescha, a varianth of Tequesta, which was Miami's first recorded name.[7] It is unknown whether he came ashore or made contact with the natives. Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and his men made the first recorded landing when they visited the Tequesta settlement in 1566 while looking for Avilés' missing son, shipwrecked a year earlier.[8] Spanish soldiers led by Father Francisco Villarreal built a Jesuit mission at the mouth of the Miami River a year later but it was short-lived. After the Spaniards left, the Tequesta Indians were left to fend themselves from European-introduced diseases like smallpox. By 1711, the Tequesta sent a couple of local chiefs to Havana, Cuba, to ask if they could migrate there. The Cubans sent two ships to help them, but Spanish illnesses struck and most of the Indians died.[9]

The first permanent European settlers arrived in the early 19th century. People came from the Bahamas to South Florida and the Keys to hunt for treasure from the ships that ran aground on the treacherous Great Florida Reef. Some accepted Spanish land offers along the Miami River. At about the same time, the Seminole Indians arrived, along with a group of runaway slaves. The area was affected by the Second Seminole War, during which Major William S. Harney led several raids against the Indians. Most non-Indian residents were soldiers stationed at Fort Dallas. It was the most devastating Indian war in American history, causing almost a total loss of population in Miami.

After the Second Seminole War ended in 1842, William English, re-established a plantation started by his uncle on the Miami River. He charted the “Village of Miami” on the south bank of the Miami River and sold several plots of land. In 1844, Miami became the county seat, and six years later a census reported that there were ninety-six residents living in the area.[10] The Third Seminole War was not as destructive as the second one. Even so, it slowed down the settlement of southeast Florida. At the end of the war, a few of the soldiers stayed.

Birth of Dade County

Julia Tuttle (1849-1898), the founder of Miami.
Crowds on Flagler Street in Downtown Miami on August 15, 1945, 20 minutes after the announcement of Japan's surrender at the end of World War II.

Dade County was created on January 18, 1836, under the Territorial Act of the United States. The county was named after Major Francis L. Dade, a soldier killed in 1835 in the Second Seminole War, at what has since been named the Dade Battlefield.[11] At the time of its creation, Dade County included the land that now contains Palm Beach and Broward counties, together with the Florida Keys from Bahia Honda Key north and the land of present-day Miami-Dade County. The county seat was originally at Indian Key in the Florida Keys; then in 1844, the County seat was moved to Miami. The Florida Keys from Key Largo to Bahia Honda were returned to Monroe County in 1866. In 1888 the county seat was moved to Juno, near present-day Juno Beach, Florida, returning to Miami in 1899. In 1909, Palm Beach County was formed from the northern portion of what was then Dade County, and then in 1915, Palm Beach County and Dade County contributed nearly equal portions of land to create what is now Broward County. There have been no significant boundary changes to the county since 1915.[12][13][14]

Hurricanes

The third-costliest natural disaster to occur in the United States was Hurricane Andrew, which hit Miami early Monday morning on August 24, 1992. It struck the southern part of the county from due east, south of Miami and very near Homestead, Kendall, and Cutler Ridge (now the Town of Cutler Bay). Damages numbered over US$25 billion in the county alone, and recovery has taken years in these areas where the destruction was greatest. This was the costliest natural disaster in US history until Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf region in 2005.

Name change

On November 13, 1997, voters changed the name of the county from Dade to Miami-Dade to acknowledge the international name recognition of Miami.[15] Voters were acting pursuant to home rule powers granted to Dade County, including the ability to change the name of the county without the consent of the Florida Legislature.[16] The change in name also addressed a source of public dissatisfaction with the name "Dade" which was chosen to honor of Francis L. Dade, who had been killed in the Dade Massacre in the 1830s. The Dade Massacre did not occur in South Florida, but rather, in the West Central part of the state, in present-day Sumter County, Florida, near Bushnell. There is also a Dade City, Florida, which is closer to the site of the massacre.

Miami Skyline

Geography

Miami River in Downtown Miami

Physical geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,431 square miles (6,300 km2), of which 1,898 square miles (4,920 km2) is land and 533 square miles (1,380 km2) (21.9%) is water.[17] It is the third-largest county in Florida by land area and second-largest by total area. Most of the water is in the Biscayne Bay, with another significant portion in the adjacent waters of the Atlantic Ocean.

Miami-Dade County is only about 6 feet (1.8 m) above sea level. It is rather new geologically and located at the eastern edge of the Florida Platform, a carbonate plateau created millions of years ago. Eastern Dade is composed of Oolite limestone while western Dade is composed mostly of Bryozoa.[18] Miami-Dade is among the last areas of Florida to be created and populated with fauna and flora, mostly in the Pleistocene.

The bay is divided from the Atlantic Ocean by the many barrier isles along the coast, one of which is where well-known Miami Beach is located, home to South Beach and the Art Deco district. The Florida Keys, which are also barrier islands are only accessible through Miami-Dade County, but which are otherwise part of neighboring Monroe County. Miami is situated seventy miles from West Palm Beach, and thirty miles from Fort Lauderdale.

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1840446—
1850159−64.3%
186083−47.8%
1870852.4%
1880257202.4%
1890861235.0%
19004,955475.5%
191011,933140.8%
192042,753258.3%
1930142,955234.4%
1940267,73987.3%
1950495,08484.9%
1960935,04788.9%
19701,267,79235.6%
19801,625,78128.2%
19901,937,09419.1%
20002,253,36216.3%
20102,496,43510.8%
Est. 20152,693,117[19]7.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[20]
1790-1960[21] 1900-1990[22]
1990-2000[23] 2010-2015[1]

2010 U.S. Census

Since late 2001, Downtown Miami has seen a large construction boom in skyscrapers, retail and has experienced gentrification.
Miami's Brickell neighborhood, is amongst the fastest-growing areas of Miami-Dade County

U.S. Census Bureau 2010 Ethnic/Race Demographics:[24][25]

In 2010, 3.4% of the Miami-Dade's population considered themselves to be of only "American" ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity.)[24]

In 2010, Cubans made up the largest population of immigrants (with more than half of the population,) with Colombians coming in second, Haitians in third, followed by Hondurans in fourth place, then Dominicans, Venezuelans, Peruvians, Jamaicans, Mexicans, and Argentinians among the highest group of expatriates.[28]

There were 867,352 households out of which 30.61% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 18.79% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.49% were non-families. 23.55% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.38% (2.52% male and 5.86% female) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.33.[25][29]

The age distribution is 21.9% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.2 years. For every 100 females there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males.[29]

The median income for a household in the county was $43,605, and the median income for a family was $50,065. Males had a median income of $35,096 versus $29,980 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,957. About 13.8% of families and 17.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.0% of those under age 18 and 22.1% of those aged 65 or over.[30]

In 2010, 51.1% of the county's population was foreign born, with 48.7% being naturalized American citizens. Of foreign-born residents, 93.0% were born in Latin America, 3.2% were born in Europe, 2.7% born in Asia, 0.5% born in Africa, 0.5% in North America, and 0.1% were born in Oceania.[24]

Population Miami-Dade
2040 Projection 3,179,655
2035 Projection 3,071,471
2030 Projection 2,959,308
2025 Projection 2,840,497
2020 Projection 2,717,585
2015 Estimate 2,693,117
2010 Census 2,496,435
2000 Census 2,253,362
1990 Census 1,937,094

[31][32]

2000 U.S. Census

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,253,362 people, 776,774 households, and 548,402 families residing in the county, with an average population density of 1,158 inhabitants per square mile (447/km2). There were 852,278 housing units with an average density of 438 per square mile (169/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 69.7% White (49% White Hispanic, 20.7% Non-Hispanic White),[33] 20.3% African American and Black (with a large part being of Caribbean descent), 0.20% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 4.60% from other races, and 3.80% from two or more races. 57.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. In relation to ancestry (excluding the various Hispanic and Latino ancestries), 5% were Haitian, 5% American, 2% Italian, 2% Jamaican, 2% German, 2% Irish, and 2% English ancestry.[34]

1,147,765 Miami-Dade residents—50.9% of the total population—were foreign-born, a percentage greater than that of any other county in the United States. 47% of the foreign-born population were naturalized U.S. citizens.[34][35] Among the foreign-born population, the most common countries of origin were Cuba (46%), Nicaragua (8%), Colombia (7%), Haiti (6%), the Dominican Republic (3%), Honduras (3%), Jamaica (3%) and El Salvador (2%).[34]

There were 776,774 households out of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were married couples living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.35.

The age distribution is 24.8% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,966, and the median income for a family was $40,260. Males had a median income of $30,120 versus $24,686 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,497. About 14.5% of families and 18.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.9% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over.

Languages

As of 2010, 63.77% of the population spoke Spanish, 28.07% English, 4.22% French Creole (mainly Haitian Creole,) 0.64% French, and 0.55% spoke Portuguese as their mother language.[36] 52% of the county residents were born outside the United States, while 71.93% of the population spoke a language other than English as their primary language.[36]

In the 1950s about 80% of the county population were English-speaking non-Hispanic whites. As of 2010 58.5% of the population natively spoke Spanish, with about half of them having low English fluency. 27.2% of the population spoke only English.[37]

Economy

Headquarters of Burger King
Headquarters of Norwegian Cruise Line

Brightstar Corporation,[38] Burger King,[39] Intradeco Holdings,[40] Latin Flavors,[41] Norwegian Cruise Line,[42] and Ryder have their headquarters in unincorporated areas in the county.[43] Centurion Air Cargo, Florida West International Airways, IBC Airways, and World Atlantic Airlines have their headquarters on the grounds of Miami International Airport in an unincorporated area in the county.[44][45][46][47][48]

Hewlett Packard's main Latin America offices are located on the ninth floor of the Waterford Building in unincorporated Miami-Dade County.[49]

Other companies with offices in an unincorporated area not in any CDP:

Several defunct airlines, including Airlift International, Arrow Air, National Airlines, and Rich International Airways, were headquartered on or near the airport property.[55][56][57][58]

After Frank Borman became president of Eastern Airlines in 1975, he moved Eastern's headquarters from Rockefeller Center in Midtown Manhattan, New York City to an unincorporated area in Miami-Dade County[59][60] Around 1991 the Miami-Dade County lost a few corporations, including Eastern Airlines, which folded in 1991.[61]

At one time the cruise line ResidenSea had its headquarters in an unincorporated area in the county.[62]

Top private employers

According to Miami's Beacon Council, the top private employers in 2008 in Miami-Dade were:[63]

# Employer # of employees
1 University of Miami 16,000
2 Baptist Health South Florida 13,376
3 Publix Super Markets 10,800
4 American Airlines 9,000
5 Precision Response Corporation 5,000
6 Florida Power & Light Company 3,800
7 Carnival Cruise Lines 3,500
8 Winn-Dixie 3,400
9 AT&T 3,100
10 Mount Sinai Medical Center 3,000

Top Government employers

According to Miami's Beacon Council, the top Government employers in 2008 in Miami-Dade were:[63]

# Employer # of employees
1 Miami-Dade County Government 32,000
2 U.S. Federal Government 20,400
3 Florida State Government 17,000
4 City of Miami Government 4,034
5 City of Miami Beach Government 1,979

Communities

Map of the municipalities (colored areas) and unincorporated (grey areas) communities of Miami-Dade County.

Miami-Dade County includes 34 incorporated areas, 38 census-designated places, and 16 unincorporated regions.

Law and government

Miami-Dade County has operated under a unique metropolitan system of government, a "two-tier federation," since 1957. This was made possible when Florida voters approved a constitutional amendment in 1956 that allowed the people of Dade County (as it was known then) to enact a home rule charter. Prior to this year, home rule did not exist in Florida, and all counties were limited to the same set of powers by the Florida Constitution and state law. Mattie Belle Davis, the first woman from Florida elected to the American Bar Foundation and the second woman to be elected in the US, was the first woman judge of Metropolitan Court of Dade County, Florida.

Division between county and municipality politics

Presidential elections results
Year Republican Democrat
2012 37.9% 332,602 61.6% 540,776
2008 41.6% 358,256 58.1% 497,386
2004 46.6% 361,095 52.9% 409,732
2000 46.3% 289,574 52.6% 328,867
1996 37.9% 209,740 57.3% 317,555
1992 43.2% 235,313 46.7% 254,609
1988 55.3% 270,937 44.3% 216,970
1984 59.2% 324,414 40.8% 223,863
1980 50.7% 265,888 40.2% 210,868
1976 40.5% 211,148 58.1% 303,047
1972 58.9% 256,529 40.8% 177,693
1968 37.0% 135,222 48.4% 176,689
1964 36.0% 117,480 64.0% 208,941
1960 42.3% 134,506 57.7% 183,114

Unlike a consolidated city-county, where the city and county governments merge into a single entity, these two entities remain separate. Instead there are two "tiers", or levels, of government: city and county. There are 34 municipalities in the county, the City of Miami being the largest.

District Commissioner
1st Barbara J. Jordan
2nd Jean Monestime, Chairman
3rd Audrey Edmonson
4th Sally A. Heyman
5th Bruno A. Barreiro
6th Rebeca Sosa
7th Xavier Suárez
8th Danielle Levine Cava
9th Dennis C. Moss
10th Javier D. Souto
11th Juan C. Zapata
12th José "Pepe" Diaz
13th Esteban Bovo Jr., Vice Chair

Cities are the "lower tier" of local government, providing police and fire protection, zoning and code enforcement, and other typical city services within their jurisdiction. These services are paid for by city taxes. The County is the "upper tier", and it provides services of a metropolitan nature, such as emergency management, airport and seaport operations, public housing and health care services, transportation, environmental services, solid waste disposal etc. These are funded by county taxes, which are assessed on all incorporated and unincorporated areas.

Of the county's 2.6 million total residents (as of 2013), approximately 52% live in unincorporated areas, the majority of which are heavily suburbanized. These residents are part of the Unincorporated Municipal Services Area (UMSA). For these residents, the County fills the role of both lower- and upper-tier government, the County Commission acting as their lower-tier municipal representative body. Residents within UMSA pay a UMSA tax, equivalent to a city tax, which is used to provide County residents with equivalent city services (police, fire, zoning, water and sewer, etc.). Residents of incorporated areas do not pay UMSA tax.

Structure of county government

Dade County Courthouse, completed in 1926

The Mayor of Miami-Dade County is elected countywide to serve a four-year term and is considered a "strong mayor." The mayor is not a member of the County Commission, appoints all 25 directors who oversee the operations of the County Departments and has veto power over the Commission. A mayoral appointment and veto can only be overridden by a two-thirds majority of the County Commission. The post is filled by Carlos A. Giménez.

The Board of County Commissioners is the legislative body, consisting of 13 members elected from single-member districts. Members are elected to serve four-year terms, and elections of members are staggered. The Board chooses a Chairperson, who presides over the Commission, as well as appoints the members of its legislative committees. The Board has a wide array of powers to enact legislation, create departments, and regulate businesses operating within the County. It also has the power to override the Mayor's veto with a two-thirds vote.

Florida's Constitution provides for six elected officials to oversee executive and administrative functions for each county (called "Constitutional Officers"): Sheriff, Property Appraiser, Supervisor of Elections, Tax Collector, Clerk of the Circuit Court and Comptroller. However, the current Constitution allows voters in home-rule counties (including Miami-Dade) to abolish the offices and reorganize them as subordinate County departments; Miami-Dade voters chose this option for Sheriff, Supervisor of Elections, Controller and Tax Collector. The office of Clerk of the Circuit Court, and the judicial offices of State Attorney, and Public Defender, are still branches of State government and are, therefore, independently elected and not part of County government.

The most visible distinction between Miami-Dade and other Florida counties is the title of its law enforcement agency. It is the only county in Florida that does not have an elected sheriff, or an agency titled "Sheriff's Office." Instead, the equivalent agency is known as the Miami-Dade Police Department, and its leader is known as the Metropolitan Sheriff and Director of the Miami-Dade Police Department. However, the badges of Miami-Dade police officers still have "Deputy Sheriff, Dade County, Fla." inscribed.

Public services

Fire Rescue

The Miami-Dade County Fire Rescue Department is the agency that provides fire protection and emergency medical services for Miami-Dade County, Florida. The department serves 29 municipalities and all unincorporated areas of Miami-Dade County from 60 fire stations.[64] The Department also provides fire protection services for Miami International Airport, Miami Executive Airport and Opa-locka Airport.[65]

The communities served are Aventura, Bal Harbour, Bay Harbor Islands, Biscayne Park, Cutler Bay, Doral, El Portal, Florida City, Golden Beach, Hialeah Gardens, Homestead, Indian Creek, Medley, Miami Gardens, Miami Lakes, Miami Shores, Miami Springs, North Bay Village, North Miami, North Miami Beach, Opa-locka, Palmetto Bay, Pinecrest, South Miami, Surfside, Sweetwater, Sunny Isles Beach, Virginia Gardens, and West Miami.[66]

Miami-Dade Fire Rescue is also the home to Urban Search and Rescue Florida Task Force 1 as well as EMS operations consisting of 57 Advanced Life Support units staffed by 760 state-certified paramedics and 640 state-certified emergency medical technicians.

Police Department

Further information: Miami-Dade Police Department
A Miami-Dade police car

The Miami-Dade Police Department is a full service metropolitan police department serving Miami-Dade County's unincorporated areas, although they have lenient mutual aid agreements with other municipalities, most often the City of Miami Police Department. The Miami-Dade Police Department is the largest police department in the state of Florida with over 4,700 employees. The Department is still often referred by its former name, the Metro-Dade Police or simply Metro.

The Miami-Dade Police Department operate out of nine districts throughout Miami-Dade County and have two special bureaus. The current director of the department is Juan Perez, who succeeded J. D. Patterson, Jr.[67] The Department's headquarters are located in Doral, Florida.

Water and Sewer Department

Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (MDWASD) is one of the largest public utilities in the United States, employing approximately 2,700 employees as of 2007. It provides service to over 2.4 million customers, operating with an annual budget of almost $400 million. Approximately 330 million gallons of water are drawn everyday from the Biscayne Aquifer for consumer use. MDWASD has over 7,100 miles (11,400 km) of water lines, a service area of 396 square miles (1,026 km2) and 14 pump stations. MDWASD has over 3,600 miles (5,800 km) of sewage pipes, a service area of 341 square miles (883 km2) and 954 pump stations.[68]

Corrections department

Miami-Dade County Corrections and Rehabilitation Department is the correction agency.

Aviation department

The Miami-Dade Aviation Department operates Miami International Airport, Miami Executive Airport, Opa-locka Executive Airport, Homestead General Aviation Airport, and Dade-Collier Training and Transition Airport.[69]

County representation

The Florida Department of Juvenile Justice operates the Miami-Dade Regional Juvenile Detention Center in an unincorporated area in the county.[70]

Education

Florida International University
University of Miami

In Florida, each county is also a school district. Miami-Dade County Public Schools, is operated by an independently elected School Board. A professional Superintendent of Schools manages the day-to-day operations of the district, who is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the School Board. The Miami-Dade County Public School District is currently the fourth-largest public school district in the nation with almost 400,000 students in 2007/2008.

The Miami-Dade Public Library is one of the largest public library systems in the country, comprising 42 branch locations, and 8 branch locations currently being built/not officially opened.

Colleges and universities

Miami-Dade County is home to many private and public universities and colleges.

Transportation

Airports

Miami International Airport

Miami International Airport, located in an unincorporated area in the county, serves as the primary international airport of the Miami Area. One of the busiest international airports in the world, Miami International Airport caters to over 35 million passengers a year. Identifiable locally, as well as several worldwide authorities, as MIA or KMIA, the airport is a major hub and the single largest international gateway for American Airlines, the world’s largest passenger air carrier. Miami International is the United States’ third largest international port of entry for foreign air passengers (behind New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport and Los Angeles International Airport), and is the seventh largest such gateway in the world. The airport’s extensive international route network includes non-stop flights to over seventy international cities in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.

Public transit

Government Center, one of the main metro stations in Miami

Public transit in Miami-Dade County is served by Miami-Dade Transportation and Public Works, and is the largest public transit in Florida. Miami-Dade Transportation and Public Works operates a heavy rail metro system Metrorail, an elevated people mover in Downtown Miami, Metromover and the bus system, Metrobus.[71]

Major expressways

Julia Tuttle Causeway connects Miami and Miami Beach
Flagler Street in Downtown Miami
Downtown Distributor

In Florida a Tolled State Road is often (but not always) denoted by having the word "TOLL" printed on the top of the State Road shield.

When a driver passes through a toll plaza without paying the proper toll a digital image of the car's license tag is recorded. Under Florida Law, this image can be used by the Authority to issue a toll violation.[72]

Miami-Dade County has 10 major expressways and 1 minor expressway in Downtown Miami.

County roads

This is a list of Miami-Dade county roads. Miami-Dade County has fewer county roads than any other county in Florida, despite its large population. None are signed.

# Road Name(s) Direction and Termini Notes
CR 854 Ives Dairy Road SR 817 US 1 former SR 854 (east of US 441)[73]
CR 913 Crandon Boulevard, Rickenbacker Causeway extension of SR 913
CR 948 Lindgren Road extension of SR 825
CR 959 Southwest 57th Avenue extension of SR 959
CR 973 Galloway Road extension of SR 973
CR 992 Coral Reef Drive extension of SR 992
CR 9823 Northwest 67th Avenue
Northwest 68th Avenue		 N/S SR 826 Palm Springs North Broward County line Palm Springs North

Sources:

Street grid

A street grid stretches from downtown Miami throughout the county. This grid was adopted by the City of Miami following World War I after the United States Post Office threatened to cease mail deliveries in the city because the original system of named streets, with names often changing every few blocks and multiple streets in the city sharing the same name, was too confusing for the mail carriers.[74] The new grid was later extended throughout the county as the population grew west, south, and north of city limits. The grid is laid out with Miami Avenue as the meridian going North-South and Flagler Street the baseline going east-west. The grid is primarily numerical so that, for example, all street addresses north of Flagler and west of Miami Avenue have NW in their address (e.g. NW 27th Avenue). Because its point of origin is in downtown Miami which is close to the coast, the NW and SW quadrants are much larger than the SE and NE quadrants. Many roads, especially major ones, are also named, although, with a few notable exceptions, the number is in more common usage among locals. Although this grid is easy to understand once one is oriented to it, it is not universal in the entire county. Hialeah uses its own grid system which is entirely different in its orientation. Coral Gables and Miami Lakes use named streets almost exclusively, and various smaller municipalities such as Florida City and Homestead use their own grid system along with the Miami-Dade grid system adding to the confusion. In the beach cities and parks of Miami Beach, Surfside, Bal Harbor, Haulover, Sunny Isles, and Golden Beach, the streets are coordinated with the main grid; however, their avenues are named.

Sites of interest

Museums

Perez Art Museum in Downtown Miami
Frost Art Museum at Florida International University

Culture and wildlife

Villa Vizcaya, a popular tourist attraction
Miami Seaquarium

Other areas and attractions

South Beach

Parks

Sports venues

Marlins Park, home of the Miami Marlins.
American Airlines Arena, home of the Miami Heat.
Sun Life Stadium, home of the Miami Dolphins and the Miami Hurricanes.

Miami-Dade County holds the majority of sports arenas, stadiums and complexes in South Florida. Some of these sports facilities are:

Former venues include:

Neighborhoods

Notable people

Sister cities

Miami-Dade County has 23 sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  2. ↑ MiamiHerald.com
  3. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  4. ↑ "Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve". Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Florida Department of Environmental Protection. July 8, 2015. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
  5. ↑ Parks, Arva Moore (1991). Miami: The Magic City. Miami, FL: Centennial Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-9629402-2-4.
  6. ↑ historymiami.com
  7. ↑ Parks, p 13
  8. ↑ Parks, p 14
  9. ↑ Parks, p 14-16
  10. ↑ History of Miami-Dade county retrieved January 26, 2006 Archived January 10, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
  11. ↑ Publications of the Florida Historical Society. Florida Historical Society. 1908. p. 30.
  12. ↑ "Miami-Dade County Annual Report for Bondholders. For the Fiscal Year of 1998." (PDF). Miami-Dade County, Florida. 1998. Retrieved April 7, 2007.
  13. ↑ History of Indian Key – retrieved September 13, 2007
  14. ↑ Muir, Helen. (1953) Miami, U.S.A. Coconut Grove, Florida. Hurricane House Publishers. Pp. 33, 100
  15. ↑ Miami-Dade County Government Archived April 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
  16. ↑ Fla. Const. of 1885, art. VIII, s. 11(h), continued in force by, Fla. Const. art. VIII, s. 9(e).
  17. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  18. ↑ Notes on Florida Geography, Florida International University
  19. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved April 25, 2016.
  20. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
  21. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
  22. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
  23. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Miami-Dade County: SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 "Miami-Dade County Demographic Characteristics". ocala.com. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
  26. ↑ "Miami-Dade County, Florida FIRST ANCESTRY REPORTED Universe: Total population - 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  27. ↑ "Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010 -- 2010 Census Summary File 1". factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
  28. ↑ "3.2% county population rise in year". Miami Today (miaminewstoday.com). Retrieved September 8, 2013.
  29. 1 2 "Miami-Dade County: Age Groups and Sex: 2010 - 2010 Census Summary File 1". factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
  30. ↑ "Miami-Dade County, Florida: SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS - 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
  31. ↑ Miamidade.gov
  32. ↑ Regional & Local Profiles
  33. ↑ "Demographics of Miami-Dade County, FL". MuniNetGuide.com. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
  34. 1 2 3 "Miami-Dade County, FL Detailed Profile: 2000 Census". city-data.com. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
  35. ↑ Census Bureau, American Community Survey Ranking Tables
  36. 1 2 "Modern Language Association Data Center Results of Miami-Dade County, Florida". Modern Language Association. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
  37. ↑ Salomon, Gisela A. "Miami's Spanish-Speaking Population Outnumber English Speakers" (Archive). Associated Press at Huffington Post. June 6, 2008. Updated May 25, 2011. Retrieved on January 7, 2016.
  38. ↑ "Contact Us." Brightstar Corporation. Retrieved on January 9, 2010.
  39. ↑ "We're Listening." Burger King. Retrieved on January 31, 2009.
  40. ↑ "Contact Us." Intradeco Holdings. Retrieved on January 9, 2010.
  41. ↑ "Contact Us." Latin Flavors. Retrieved on January 9, 2010.
  42. ↑ "Contact Us." Norwegian Cruise Line. Retrieved on January 9, 2010.
  43. ↑ "Contact Us." Ryder. Retrieved on January 9, 2010.
  44. ↑ "Contact Us." (Direct link to image) Centurion Air Cargo. Retrieved on July 1, 2010. "Head Office 1851 NW 68 Ave., Bldg 706 Miami, FL 33126. This address may incorrectly be mapped to a residential subdivision. The proper location is at Miami International Airport.
  45. ↑ Home page. Florida West International Airways. Retrieved on January 7, 2010.
  46. ↑ "Locations." International Bonded Couriers. Retrieved on January 9, 2010.
  47. ↑ "Contact World Atlantic Airlines." World Atlantic Airlines. Retrieved on December 31, 2012. "5600 NW 36th Street Suite: 450 Miami, Florida 33166"
  48. ↑ "MIA LOST AND FOUND PUBLIC AUCTION ON MARCH 20 ." Miami International Airport. March 9, 2010. Retrieved on December 31, 2012. "5600 N.W. 36th Street (Building 845), Third Floor"
  49. ↑ "Office Locations." Hewlett Packard. Retrieved on August 29, 2011. "Hewlett-Packard Latin America Waterford Building, 9th Floor 5200 Blue Lagoon Drive Miami, Florida 33126 USA"
  50. ↑ "USA." AstraZeneca. Retrieved on March 11, 2010.
  51. ↑ "Contact Us." Gate Group. Retrieved on September 17, 2011. "North America Regional Office11710 Plaza America Drive, Suite 800 Reston, VA 20190 USA"
  52. ↑ "Prelude." (Select "English," then select the mail icon in the upper right hand corner of the screen) Unicomer Group. Retrieved on March 4, 2010.
  53. ↑ "Miami." TAME. Retrieved on March 14, 2010.
  54. ↑ "Contact Us." Goya Foods. Retrieved on March 26, 2016. "Goya Foods of Miami 13300 NW 25th Street Miami, FL 33182"
  55. ↑ "Contact Us." Arrow Air. Retrieved on January 7, 2010.
  56. ↑ "Walkout by 3,500 Cancels All Flights Of National Airlines." The New York Times. Sunday February 1, 1970. Page 58. Retrieved on September 24, 2009.
  57. ↑ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. March 14–20, 1990 "Airlift International" 57.
  58. ↑ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. March 23–29, 1994. 114. "Head office: PO Box 522067, 5400 NW 36th St, Miami, Florida 33152, USA."
  59. ↑ Bernstein, Aaron. Grounded: Frank Lorenzo and the Destruction of Eastern Airlines. Beard Books, 1999. 22. Retrieved on August 28, 2009.
  60. ↑ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. March 30, 1985. 72." Retrieved on June 17, 2009.
  61. ↑ Stieghorst, Tom. "Sings of decline." Sun Sentinel. May 6, 1991. Weekly Business 8. Retrieved on August 28, 2009.
  62. ↑ "Welcome to ResidenSea." ResidenSea. January 18, 2006. Retrieved on January 20, 2010.
  63. 1 2 Beacon Council. Beacon Council. Retrieved on May 4, 2013.
  64. ↑ "Locations". Miami-Dade Fire Rescue Department. Miami-Dade County. Archived from the original on June 15, 2006. Retrieved August 30, 2006.
  65. ↑ "Airport Fire Rescue Division". Miami-Dade Fire Rescue Department. Miami-Dade County. Archived from the original on March 8, 2005. Retrieved August 30, 2006.
  66. ↑ "Cities Served". Miami-Dade Fire Rescue Department. Miami-Dade County. Archived from the original on October 22, 2004. Retrieved August 30, 2006.
  67. ↑ "Miami-Dade County News Releases" (PDF). Miami-Dade County. January 28, 2016.
  68. ↑ Miamidade.gov
  69. ↑ http://www.miami-airport.com/about_us.asp
  70. ↑ "Miami-Dade Regional Juvenile Detention Center." Florida Department of Juvenile Justice. Retrieved on June 4, 2010.
  71. ↑ "Miami-Dade County News" (PDF). February 1, 2016.
  72. ↑ Toll Violation Attorney
  73. ↑ General Highway Map, Dade County, September 1972, reprinted July 1989
  74. ↑ Muir, Helen. (1953) Miami, U.S.A. Coconut Grove, Florida: Hurricane House Publishers. Pp. 136–7.
  75. ↑ La ocupación para el primer mes del vuelo Tenerife-Miami de Air Europa alcanza ya el 70 por ciento
  76. ↑ Prefeitura.Sp – Descentralized Cooperation
  77. ↑ International Relations – São Paulo City Hall – Official Sister Cities
  78. ↑ "Partnerská města HMP" [Prague – Twin Cities HMP]. Portál „Zahraniční vztahy“ [Portal "Foreign Affairs"] (in Czech). July 18, 2013. Archived from the original on June 25, 2013. Retrieved August 5, 2013.

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