Muslim denominations

Muslim denominations, As of 2015, over 1.7 billion or about 23.4% of the world population are Muslims.[1] By the percentage of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim, 24.8% in Asia-Oceania do,[2] 91.2% in the Middle East-North Africa,[3] 29.6% in Sub-Saharan Africa,[4] around 6.0% in Europe,[5] and 0.6% in the Americas.[6][7][8][9]

Further information: Muslim world

Political denominations of muslims

Further information: Denominations of Islam and madhhabs

Historically, Islam was divided into three major sects. These religious denominations are well known as Sunni, Khawarij and Shī‘ah. Each sect developed several distinct jurisprudence system reflecting their own understanding of the Islamic law during the course of the History of Islam. For instance, Sunnis are separated into five sub-sects, namely, Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbalites and Ẓāhirī. Shi'a, on the other hand, was first developed Kaysanites[10] and in turn divided into three major sects known as Fivers, Seveners[11] and Twelvers.[12] Qarmatians,[13] Ismailis,[14] Fatimids,[15] Assassins[16] of Alamut[17] and Druses[18] were all emerged from the Seveners.[19] Isma'ilism[20][21] later split into Nizari Ismaili[22] and Musta’li Ismaili, and then Mustaali was divided into Hafizi and Taiyabi Ismailis.[23] Moreover, Imami-Shi'a later brought into existence Ja'fari jurisprudence. Akhbarism,[24][25] Alevism,[26][27] Bektashism,[28] Nusayrism,[29][30][31][32][33] Shaykhism[34] and Usulism were all developed from Ithna'asharis.[35] Similarly, Khawarij was initially divided into five major branches as Sufris, Azariqa, Najdat, Adjarites and Ibadis. Among these numerous sects, only Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali, Imamiyyah-Ja'fari-Usuli, Nizārī Ismā'īlī, Alevi,[36] Zaydi, Ibadi, Zahiri, Alawite,[37] Druze and Taiyabi communities have survived. In addition, some new schools of thought and movements like Quranist Muslims, Ahmadi Muslims and African American Muslims were later emerged independently.[38]

See also: Amman Message
Political sub-denominations of muslims around the world.

Population of the denominations

In the modern era, Sunnis constitute more than 85% of the overall Muslim population while the Shi'as are slightly more than 12%.[39]

Today, many of the Shia sects are extinct. The major surviving Imamah-Muslim Sects are Usulism (with nearly more than 10%), Nizari Ismailism (with nearly more than 1%) and Alevism (with slightly more than 0.5%[40] but less than 1%[41]). The other existing groups include Zaydi Shi'a of Yemen whose population is nearly more than 0.5% of the world's Muslim population, Musta’li Ismaili (with nearly 0.1%[42] whose Taiyabi adherents reside in Gujarat state in India and Karachi city in Pakistan. There are also significant diaspora populations in Europe, North America, the Far East and East Africa[43]), and Ibadis from the Kharijites whose population has diminished to a level below 0.15%. On the other hand, new Muslim sects like African American Muslims, Ahmadi Muslims[44] (with nearly around 1%[45]), non-denominational Muslims, Quranist Muslims and Wahhabis (with nearly around 1-2%[46] of the world's total Muslim population) were later independently developed.

World Muslim population by percentage (Pew Research Center, 2014).

According to the Pew Research Center in 2010, there were 50 Muslim-majority countries.[47][48] Around 62% of the world's Muslims live in South and Southeast Asia, with over 1 billion adherents.[49] The largest Muslim population in a country is in Indonesia, a nation home to 12.7% of the world's Muslims, followed by Pakistan (11.0%), India (10.9%), and Bangladesh (9.2%).[50][51] About 20% of Muslims live in Arab countries.[52] In the Middle East, the non-Arab countries of Turkey and Iran are the largest Muslim-majority countries; in Africa, Egypt and Nigeria have the most populous Muslim communities.[50][51] The study found more Muslims in the United Kingdom than in Lebanon and more in China than in Syria.[50]

Further information: Islamic denominations and History of Islam

References

  1. ↑ "Christianity 2015: Religious Diversity and Personal Contact" (PDF).
  2. ↑ "Region: Asia-Pacific". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  3. ↑ "Region: Middle East-North Africa". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  4. ↑ "Region: Sub-Saharan Africa". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  5. ↑ "Region: Europe". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  6. ↑ "Region: Americas". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  7. ↑ Tom Kington (31 March 2008). "Number of Muslims ahead of Catholics, says Vatican". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 November 2008.
  8. ↑ "Muslim Population". IslamicPopulation.com. Retrieved 17 November 2008.
  9. ↑ "Field Listing - Religions". Retrieved 17 November 2008.
  10. ↑ Anthony, Sean W. "KAYSĀNIYA". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  11. ↑ Halm, H. "BĀṬENĪYA". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  12. ↑ "IMAMS IN TWELVER SHIʿA ISLAM". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  13. ↑ Daftary, Ferhad. "Qarāmeṭa". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  14. ↑ Halm, H. "ʿABDALLĀH B. MAYMŪN AL-QADDĀḤ". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  15. ↑ Daftary, Ferhad. "FATIMIDS". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  16. ↑ Daftary, Ferhad. "ISMAʿILI HISTORY". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  17. ↑ Hourcade, B. "ALAMŪT". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  18. ↑ Daftary, Ferhad. "ḤĀKEM BE-AMR-ALLĀH". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  19. ↑ Poonawala, Ismail K. "ISMAʿILI JURISPRUDENCE". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  20. ↑ "ISMAʿILISM". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  21. ↑ Nanji, Azim. "IMAMATE IN ISMAʿILISM". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  22. ↑ Badakhchani, S. Jalal. "RAWŻA-YE TASLIM". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  23. ↑ Öz, Mustafa, Mezhepler Tarihi ve Terimleri Sözlüğü (The History of madh'habs and its terminology dictionary), Ensar Publications, İstanbul, 2011.
  24. ↑ Algar, H. "MĪRZĀ MOḤAMMAD AḴBĀRĪ". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  25. ↑ Kohlberg, E. "AḴBĀRĪYA". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  26. ↑ "Alevi İslam Din Hizmetleri Başkanlığı". Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  27. ↑ Algar, H. "ḤĀJĪ BEKTĀŠ". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  28. ↑ Algar, H. "BEKTĀŠĪYA". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  29. ↑ Bar-Asher, Meir M. "NOṢAYRIS". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  30. ↑ Friedman, Yaron. "MOḤAMMAD B. NOṢAYR". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  31. ↑ "Muhammad ibn Āliyy’ūl Cillī aqidah" of "Maymūn ibn Abu’l-Qāsim Sulaiman ibn Ahmad ibn at-Tabarānī fiqh" (Sūlaiman Affandy, Al-Bākūrat’ūs Sūlaiman’īyyah - Family tree of the Nusayri Tariqat, pp. 14-15, Beirut, 1873.)
  32. ↑ Both Muhammad ibn Āliyy’ūl Cillī and Maymūn ibn Abu’l-Qāsim’at-Tabarānī were the murids of "Al-Khaṣībī", the founder of the Nusayri tariqat.
  33. ↑ Friedman, Yaron. "ABU ʿABD-ALLĀH ḤOSAYN B. ḤAMDĀN AL-JONBALĀNI, AL-ḴAṢIBI". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  34. ↑ MacEoin, D.M. "SHAIKH AḤMAD AḤSĀʾĪ". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  35. ↑ Halm, Heinz (2004-07-21). Shi'ism. Edinburgh University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-7486-1888-0.
  36. ↑ Alevi-Islam Religious Services - The message of İzzettin Doğan, Zafer Mah. Ahmet Yesevi Cad. No: 290, Yenibosna / Istanbul, Turkey.
  37. ↑ "Alawi Islam". Globalsecurity.org
  38. ↑ The Amman Message summary - Official website
  39. ↑ "Mapping the Global Muslim Population". Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  40. ↑ According to David Shankland, 15% of Turkey's population. in Structure and Function in Turkish Society. Isis Press, 2006, p. 81.
  41. ↑ According to Krisztina Kehl-Bodrogi, Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East edited by her, B. Kellner-Heinkele, & A. Otter-Beaujean. Leiden: Brill, 1997.
  42. ↑ "Tehelka - India's Independent Weekly News Magazine".
  43. ↑ Paul, Eva (2006). Die Dawoodi Bohras – eine indische Gemeinschaft in Ostafrika (PDF). Beiträge zur 1. Kölner Afrikawissenschaftlichen Nachwuchstagung.
  44. ↑ Simon Ross Valentine (2008-10-06). Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jamaʻat: History, Belief, Practice. Columbia University Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-231-70094-8.
  45. ↑ Larry DeVries, Don Baker, and Dan Overmyer. Asian Religions in British Columbia. University of Columbia Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-1662-5. Retrieved 29 March 2014. The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world
  46. ↑ Destined Encounters - Page 203, Sury Pullat - 2014
  47. ↑ "What is each country’s second-largest religious group?".
  48. ↑ "Muslim-Majority Countries". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  49. ↑ "Region: Asia-Pacific". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  50. 1 2 3 "Muslim Population by Country". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  51. 1 2 "Number of Muslim by country". nationmaster.com. Retrieved 2007-05-30.
  52. ↑ See:
    • Esposito (2002b), p.21
    • Esposito (2004), pp.2,43

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