Jilu Mandarin

Ji–Lu Mandarin
Beifang Mandarin
Region	Hebei, Shandong
Native speakers	(84 million cited 1982)[1] 12.6% of all Mandarin
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Chinese Mandarin Chinese Ji–Lu Mandarin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
ISO 639-6	jlua
Linguist list	cmn-jil
Glottolog	None huab1238  (Huabei Guanhua)[2]

Jilu or Ji–Lu Mandarin (simplified Chinese: 冀鲁官话; traditional Chinese: 冀魯官話; pinyin: Jì–Lǔ Guānhuà), formerly known as Beifang Mandarin "Northern Mandarin", is a dialect of Mandarin Chinese spoken in the Chinese provinces of Hebei (Jì) and Shandong (Lǔ). Its name is a combination of the abbreviated names of the two provinces, which derive from ancient local provinces.^[3] The names are combined as Ji–Lu Mandarin.

Although these areas are near Beijing, Ji–Lu has a different accent and many lexical differences from the Beijing dialect, which is the basis for Standard Chinese, the official national language. There are three dialect groups, Bao–Tang, Shi–Ji, and Cang–Hui.^[4][5]

Dialect groups

• Bao–Tang dialect (保唐片), incorporating a large part of Tianjin and northern part of Hebei province.
  • Tianjin dialect (天津話)
  • Baoding dialect (保定話)
  • Tangshan dialect (唐山話)
• Shi–Ji dialect 石济片, incorporating a large part of central Hebei province including the capital Shijiazhuang and western part of Shandong province, including the capital Jinan
  • Xingtai dialect (邢台话)
  • Shijiazhuang dialect (石家莊話)
  • Jinan dialect
• Cang–Hui dialect (沧惠片), incorporating the coastal region of the Yellow River Delta (including the prefecture-level city of Cangzhou, from which it takes its name)

The Bao–Tang dialect shares the same tonal evolution of the inner tone from Middle Chinese as Beijing Mandarin and Northeastern Mandarin. Moreover, the popularization of Standard Chinese in the two provincial capitals has induced changes in the Shi–Ji dialect causing the former to shift rapidly towards the standard language.

References

1. Keith Brown Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics 2007 Elsevier ISBN 0-08-044299-4 Gu Y 2 page 344
2. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Huabei Guanhua". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
3. 现代汉语方言大词典 (The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects) 2002 Jiangsu Educational Publishers (2002 12 1 ) ISBN 7534350808
4. Maria Kurpaska Chinese Language(s): A Look through the Prism of The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects 2010 Page 79 "5.1.3. Ji–Lu Mandarin group (冀鲁官话区 Jìlǔ Guānhuàqū) (cf. Atlas: Bl, B2, B3, B7; You Rujie 2004: 7)54 The A and B features of the Beijing Mandarin group are also true for the Ji–Lu Mandarin group. The main differences between the Beijing ..."
5. Cahiers de linguistique: Asie orientale - Volume 37, Issues 1-2 2008 -- Page 32 "Therefore, given that the uses of gei as a direct object marker or an agent marker do not appear to be typical for other dialects of the Greater Beijing Mandarin and Jì-Lǔ Mandarin area, and that it is attested at best sporadically in earlier ..."