Palaihnihan languages

Palaihnih
Laikni
Geographic
distribution:
California
Linguistic classification:

Hokan ?

  • Shasta–Palaihnihan
    • Palaihnih
Subdivisions:
Glottolog: pala1350[1]

Palaihnihan (also Palaihnih) is a language family of northeastern California. It consists of two closely related languages:

  1. Atsugewi (†)
  2. Achumawi (AKA Achomawi, Pit River Indian)

Reconstructions

The original reconstruction of proto-Palaihnihan suffered from poor quality data. David Olmsted's dictionary depends almost entirely upon de Angulo, who did not record the phonological distinctions consistently or well,[2] and carelessly includes Pomo vocabulary from a manuscript in which he (de Angulo) set out to demonstrate that Achumawi and Pomo are not related.[3] William Bright has also pointed out problems with Olmsted's methods of reconstruction.[4] The reconstruction is being refined with newer data.[5]

Genetic relations

The Palaihnihan family is often connected with the hypothetical Hokan stock. Proposed special relationships within Hokan include Palaihnihan with Shastan (known as Shasta-Achomawi) and within a Kahi sub-group (AKA Northern Hokan) with Shastan, Chimariko, and Karuk.

References

  1. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Palaihnihan". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  2. Nevin 1991, 1998.
  3. Gursky, Karl-Heinz (1987). "Achumawi und Pomo, eine besondere Beziehung?". Abhandlungen der völkerkundlichen Arbsgemeinschaft (Nortorf) 57.
  4. Bright, William; Olmsted, D. L. (1965). "Review of A history of Palaihnihan phonology by D. L. Olmstead". Language (Baltimore: Linguistic Society of America) 41 (1): 175–178. doi:10.2307/411871. JSTOR 411871.
  5. "Reconstructing Achumawi and Atsugewi: Proto-Palaihnihan revisited"

Bibliography


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