Passaic, New Jersey

"Passaic" redirects here. For other uses, see Passaic (disambiguation).
Passaic, New Jersey
City
City of Passaic

St. Marys Hospital

Map of Passaic in Passaic County. Inset: Location of Passaic County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.

Census Bureau map of Passaic, New Jersey
Coordinates: 40°51′23″N 74°07′37″W / 40.856413°N 74.12694°W / 40.856413; -74.12694Coordinates: 40°51′23″N 74°07′37″W / 40.856413°N 74.12694°W / 40.856413; -74.12694[1][2]
Country  United States
State  New Jersey
County Passaic
Settled 1679
Incorporated April 2, 1873
Government[3]
 • Type Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council)
 • Body City Council
 • Mayor Alex Blanco (term ends June 30, 2017)[4][5]
 • Administrator Rick Fernandez[6]
 • Clerk Amada Curling[7]
Area[1]
 • Total 3.244 sq mi (8.401 km2)
 • Land 3.146 sq mi (8.149 km2)
 • Water 0.098 sq mi (0.253 km2)  3.01%
Area rank 324th of 566 in state
11th of 16 in county[1]
Elevation[8] 98 ft (30 m)
Population (2010 Census)[9][10][11][12]
 • Total 69,781
 • Estimate (2014)[13] 71,509
 • Rank 15th of 566 in state
3rd of 16 in county[14]
 • Density 22,179.6/sq mi (8,563.6/km2)
 • Density rank 7th of 566 in state
1st of 16 in county[14]
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) Eastern (EDT) (UTC-4)
ZIP code 07055[15][16]
Area code(s) 973[17]
FIPS code 3403156550[1][18][19]
GNIS feature ID 0885342[1][20]
Website www.cityofpassaic.com

Passaic (/pəˈseɪ.ᵻk/ pə-SAY-ik[21] or local /pəˈseɪk/ pə-SAYK[22]) is a city in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 69,781,[9][11][12] maintaining its status as the 15th largest municipality in New Jersey with an increase of 1,920 residents (+2.8%) from the 2000 Census population of 67,861,[10] which had in turn increased by 9,820 (+16.9%) from the 58,041 counted in the 1990 Census.[23] Passaic is the tenth most densely populated municipality in the entire United States with 22,000+ people per square mile.

Located north of Newark on the Passaic River, it was first settled in 1678 by Dutch traders, as Acquackanonk Township. The city and river draw their name from the Lenape word "pahsayèk" which has been variously attributed to mean "valley" or "place where the land splits."[24][25][26][27]

History

Main Avenue in 1911

The city originated from a Dutch settlement on the Passaic River established in 1679 which was called Acquackanonk. Industrial growth began in the 19th century, as Passaic became a textile and metalworking center. Passaic was formed within Acquackanonk Township on March 10, 1869, and was incorporated as an independent village on March 21, 1871. Passaic was chartered as a city on April 2, 1873.[28]

The 1926 Passaic Textile Strike led by union organizer Albert Weisbord saw 36,000 mill workers leave their jobs to oppose wage cuts demanded by the textile industry. The workers successfully fought to keep their wages unchanged but did not receive recognition of their union by the mill owners.[29]

Passaic has been called "The Birthplace of Television".[30] In 1931, experimental television station W2XCD began transmitting from DeForest Radio Corporation in Passaic. It has been called the first television station to transmit to the home, and was the first such station to broadcast a feature film. Allen B. DuMont, formerly DeForest's chief engineer, opened pioneering TV manufacturer DuMont Laboratories in Passaic in 1937, and started the DuMont Television Network, the world's first commercial television network, in 1946. The Okonite company began manufacturing electrical cable here in 1888, with early uses of the company's insulated wires including some of the earliest telegraph cables and the wiring for Thomas Edison's Pearl Street Station in Lower Manhattan.[31]

In 1992, the voters of Passaic Township in Morris County voted to change the name of their municipality to Long Hill Township, to avoid confusion between the City of Passaic and the largely rural community 22 miles (35 km) away, as well as association with the more urban city.[32]

Passaic is served by two newspapers, The Record and Herald News.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 3.244 square miles (8.401 km2), including 3.146 square miles (8.149 km2) of land and 0.098 square miles (0.253 km2) of water (3.01%).[1][2]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Davis Bridge and Pleasant Plains.[33]

Passaic's only land border is with neighboring Clifton, which borders Passaic to the north, south, and west. The Passaic River, which flows to the east of Passaic, provides the city with four additional borders across the water in Bergen County: East Rutherford, Garfield, Rutherford and Wallington.[34] Passaic and Wallington are connected by four bridges (Market Street Bridge, Eighth Street Bridge, Gregory Avenue Bridge, Main Avenue Bridge), while the city connects with Garfield at two bridges (Monroe Street Bridge, Passaic Street Bridge) and Rutherford at the Union Avenue Bridge, which is located on New Jersey Route 21. One cannot cross from Passaic into East Rutherford by vehicle, however, as there is no bridge connecting the two municipalities; Drivers wanting to cross from Passaic to East Rutherford must use either the Main Avenue Bridge, which is located near Wallington's border with East Rutherford, or the Union Avenue Bridge, where East Rutherford can be accessed via surface streets.

Passaic is located 10 miles (16 km) from New York City, and 12 miles (19 km) from Newark Airport.

The city

St. John the Baptist Russian Orthodox Church on Lexington Avenue, built in 1959–1960

Passaic has several business districts: Main Avenue begins in Passaic Park and follows the curve of the river to downtown. Broadway runs east – west through the center of the city, ending at Main Avenue in downtown. Main Street has many shops, restaurants and businesses reflecting the city's Latino and Eastern European populations.

The city is home to several architecturally notable churches, including St. John's Lutheran Church, First Presbyterian of Passaic, and St. John's Episcopal Church.

Passaic Park

Southwest Passaic (known as Passaic Park) is a residential and institutional center of Orthodox Judaism, with 25-30 minyanim on Shabbos, and 1,300 families, making it one of the state's fastest-growing Orthodox communities. Home to numerous yeshivas, schools and other institutions, there are also many kosher food and shopping establishments.[35]

Passaic Park takes its name from Third Ward Park. This area is also noted for its large mansions and homes of various architectural styles, especially Victorian and Tudor. Several condominium and cooperative apartment complexes are also located here including: Carlton Tower (at 22 stories, the city's tallest structure[36]), Presidential Towers, and Barry Gardens (which are all located within walking distance of each other near a stretch of Passaic Avenue between Lafayette Avenue and Green Court).

Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Passaic has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[37]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18806,532—
189013,02899.4%
190027,777113.2%
191054,77397.2%
192063,84116.6%
193062,959−1.4%
194061,394−2.5%
195057,702−6.0%
196053,963−6.5%
197055,1242.2%
198052,463−4.8%
199058,04110.6%
200067,86116.9%
201069,7812.8%
Est. 201471,509[13][38]2.5%
Population sources: 1880-1920[39]
1880-1890[40] 1880-1900[41] 1890-1910[42]
1910[43] 1880-1930[44] 1930-1990[45]
2000[46][47] 2010[9][10][11][12]

Among the speakers of Polish in Passaic are many Gorals.[48]

Passaic, with 30+ synagogues and an Orthodox Jewish population of 15,000, has one of the largest Orthodox Jewish communities in New Jersey, along with Lakewood, New Jersey, and Teaneck, New Jersey. [49]

Census 2010

At the 2010 United States Census, there were 69,781 people, 19,411 households, and 14,597 families residing in the city. The population density was 22,179.6 per square mile (8,563.6/km2). There were 20,432 housing units at an average density of 6,494.2 per square mile (2,507.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 45.06% (31,440) White, 10.64% (7,425) Black or African American, 1.07% (745) Native American, 4.36% (3,040) Asian, 0.04% (27) Pacific Islander, 33.37% (23,284) from other races, and 5.47% (3,820) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 71.02% (49,557) of the population.[9] The city's Hispanic population represented the fourth-highest percentage among municipalities in New Jersey as of the 2010 Census.[50]

There were 19,411 households, of which 42.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.7% were married couples living together, 23.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.8% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.57 and the average family size was 4.02.[9]

In the city, 31.5% of the population were under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.2 years. For every 100 females there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.2 males.[9]

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $31,135 (with a margin of error of +/- $1,280) and the median family income was $34,934 (+/- $2,987). Males had a median income of $30,299 (+/- $1,883) versus $25,406 (+/- $2,456) for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,424 (+/- $581). About 25.0% of families and 27.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.9% of those under age 18 and 25.5% of those age 65 or over.[51]

Same-sex couples headed 107 households in 2010, a decline of the 142 counted in 2000.[52]

Census 2000

As of the 2000 United States Census[18] there were 67,861 people, 19,458 households, and 14,457 families residing in the city of Passaic, New Jersey. The population density was 21,804.7 people per square mile (8,424.8/km²). There were 20,194 housing units at an average density of 6,488.6 per square mile (2,507.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 35.43% White, 13.83% African American, 0.78% Native American, 5.51% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 39.36% from other races, and 5.04% from two or more races. The cultural groupings for Hispanic or Latino of any race were 62.46% of the population.[46][47]

As of the 2000 Census, 59.3% of residents spoke Spanish at home, while 28.9% of residents identified themselves as speaking only English at home. An additional 2.5% were speakers of Gujarati and 2.4% spoke Polish.[53] There were 31,101 foreign-born residents of Passaic in 2000, of which 79.4% were from Latin America, with 31.3% of foreign-born residents from Mexico and 27.2% from the Dominican Republic.[54]

There were 19,458 households of which 42.0% had children under the age of 18, 43.7% were married couples living together, 21.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 8.2% of Passaic households were same-sex partner households. 20.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.46 and the average family size was 3.93.[46][47]

The city population comprised 30.8% under the age of 18, 12.5% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 16.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.4 males.[46][47]

The median income for a household in the city was $33,594, and the median income for a family was $34,935. Males had a median income of $24,568 versus $21,352 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,874. About 18.4% of families and 21.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.6% of those under age 18 and 16.0% of those age 65 or over.[46][47]

Economy

Portions of Passaic are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3½% sales tax rate (versus the 7% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.[55]

Since 1994, the Hercules Chemical Company has been located in Passaic.[56]

Government

Local government

The city of Passaic is governed within the Faulkner Act system of municipal government, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Mayor-Council (Plan B), enacted by direct petition as of July 1, 1973.[57] Under this form of government, the mayor is elected directly by the voters for a four-year term of office. Seven council Members serve four-year terms on a staggered basis, with either three or four seats up for election in odd-numbered years. Elections are non-partisan, with all positions selected at-large in balloting held in May.[3]

As of 2015, the Mayor of Passaic is Alex Blanco, whose term of office ends June 30, 2017.[58] Blanco won a special election in November 2008 to succeed acting mayor Gary Schaer, who, as City Council president automatically moved into this position upon the resignation by previous mayor Samuel Rivera, after Rivera pleaded guilty to corruption charges.[59] Blanco was elected to serve the remainder of Rivera's term, and was re-elected to a full term on May 12, 2009, with 4,751 votes (53.2% of votes cast), defeating Passaic Board of Education member Vinny Capuana who received 4,177 (46.8%).[60] Members of the Passaic City Council are Council President Gary Schaer (term ends June 30, 2019), Jose R. "Joe" Garcia (2017), Terrence L. Love (2017), Thania Melo (2019), Chaim M. Munk (2019), Zaida Polanco (2019) and Daniel J. Schwartz (2017).[4][4][58][61][62][63]

In addition to his role as council president, Schaer also holds a seat in the New Jersey General Assembly. This dual position, often called double dipping, is allowed under a grandfather clause in the state law enacted by the New Jersey Legislature and signed into law by Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine in September 2007 that prevents dual-office-holding but allows those who had held both positions as of February 1, 2008, to retain both posts.[64]

Corruption charges over the past decades have resulted in the federal convictions of two mayors, seven councilman and other public officials.[65][66] Passaic Business Administrator Anthony Ianoco was terminated in February 2011 after he was charged with cocaine possession, following his arrest in Hoboken, where police arrested him after he was caught driving the wrong way in a Passaic city vehicle.[67]

Federal, state and county representation

Passaic is located in the 9th Congressional District[68] and is part of New Jersey's 36th state legislative district.[11][69][70] Prior to the 2010 Census, Passaic had been part of the 8th Congressional District, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.[71]

New Jersey's Ninth Congressional District is represented by Bill Pascrell (D, Paterson).[72] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Cory Booker (D, Newark, term ends 2021)[73] and Bob Menendez (D, Paramus, 2019).[74][75]

For the 2016–2017 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 36th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Paul Sarlo (D, Wood-Ridge) and in the General Assembly by Marlene Caride (D, Ridgefield) and Gary Schaer (D, Passaic).[76] The Governor of New Jersey is Chris Christie (R, Mendham Township).[77] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Kim Guadagno (R, Monmouth Beach).[78]

Passaic County is governed by a seven-member Board of Chosen Freeholders, who are elected at-large to staggered three-year terms office on a partisan basis, with two or three seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At a reorganization meeting held in January, the board selects a Director and Deputy Director from among its members to serve for a one-year term.[79] As of 2015, Passaic County's Freeholders are Freeholder Director Hector C. Lora (D, term ends December 31, 2015; Passaic),[80] Freeholder Deputy Director Bruce James (D, 2017; Clifton),[81] John W. Bartlett (D, 2015; Wayne),[82] Theodore O. Best, Jr. (D, 2017; Paterson),[83] Ronda Cotroneo (D, 2015; Ringwood),[84] Terry Duffy (D, 2016; West Milford),[85] and Pat Lepore (D, 2016; Woodland Park).[86][87][88] Constitutional officers elected on a countywide basis are County Clerk Kristin M. Corrado (R, 2019),[89] Sheriff Richard H. Berdnik (2016)[90] and Surrogate Bernice Toledo (2016).[91][92][93]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 24,227 registered voters in Passaic, of which 8,753 (36.1% vs. 31.0% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 2,063 (8.5% vs. 18.7%) were registered as Republicans and 13,408 (55.3% vs. 50.3%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 3 voters registered to other parties.[94] Among the city's 2010 Census population, 34.7% (vs. 53.2% in Passaic County) were registered to vote, including 50.7% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.8% countywide).[94][95]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 77.1% of the vote (12,011 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 22.1% (3,447 votes), and other candidates with 0.8% (119 votes), among the 15,755 ballots cast by the city's 27,433 registered voters (178 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 57.4%.[96][97] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 12,386 votes (72.7% vs. 58.8% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 4,012 votes (23.6% vs. 37.7%) and other candidates with 93 votes (0.5% vs. 0.8%), among the 17,033 ballots cast by the city's 25,496 registered voters, for a turnout of 66.8% (vs. 70.4% in Passaic County).[98] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 9,539 votes (66.3% vs. 53.9% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 4,291 votes (29.8% vs. 42.7%) and other candidates with 62 votes (0.4% vs. 0.7%), among the 14,391 ballots cast by the city's 23,389 registered voters, for a turnout of 61.5% (vs. 69.3% in the whole county).[99]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 59.6% of the vote (4,109 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 39.1% (2,697 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (88 votes), among the 7,143 ballots cast by the city's 28,209 registered voters (249 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 25.3%.[100][101] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 5,958 ballots cast (68.7% vs. 50.8% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 2,319 votes (26.7% vs. 43.2%), Independent Chris Daggett with 124 votes (1.4% vs. 3.8%) and other candidates with 52 votes (0.6% vs. 0.9%), among the 8,672 ballots cast by the city's 24,219 registered voters, yielding a 35.8% turnout (vs. 42.7% in the county).[102]

Education

Public

The Passaic City School District is a type II school district, and is an independent legal entity administered by a nine-member Board of Education elected by the voters of the school district. The Superintendent of Schools is Pablo Muñoz.[103] The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide,[104] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement that the state cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[105][106]

As of the 2011-12 school year, the district's 16 schools had an enrollment of 13,136 students and 1,011.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.98:1.[107] Schools in the district (with 2010-11 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[108]) are Vincent Capuana School No. 15[109] (209; K), Passaic School No. 16[110] (500; PreK-K), Passaic School No. 17[111] (377; PreK-K), Jefferson School No. 1[112] (739; 1-6), Washington School No. 2[113] (233; K-2), Mario Drago School No. 3[114] (formerly Franklin School - 963; PreK-6), School No. 5[115] (332; 4-6), Martin Luther King, Jr. School No. 6[116] (1,143; PreK-6), Grant School No. 7[117] (283; PreK-2), Casimir Pulaski School No. 8[118] (541; PreK-3), Etta Gero School No. 9[119] (718; 3-6), Theodore Roosevelt School No. 10[120] (761; K-4), William B. Cruise Memorial School No. 11[121] (1,332; 1-6), Daniel F. Ryan School No. 19[122] (705; PreK-5), Abraham Lincoln Middle School No. 4[123] (1,702; 7-8), Passaic High School[124] (2,598; 9-12).[125][126]

Passaic County Community College opened a new campus in the city on September 11, 2008, which will allow PCCC to reach the 15% of its students who come from the city of Passaic. The college's nursing program will be relocated and expanded at the new campus to provide a qualified program to help fill the longstanding nursing shortage.[127]

Private

St. Nicholas Ukrainian Catholic School is an elementary school founded in 1943 that operates under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson and the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia.[128][129]

Established in 1895, the Collegiate School is a private coeducational day school located in Passaic, serving students in pre-Kindergarten through twelfth grade.[130]

The Yeshiva Gedola of Passaic is an institute of Talmudic learning for post-high-school-age men. It is led by Rosh Yeshiva Rabbi Meir Stern. Passaic has two Mesivtas, Mesivta Tiferes Rav Tzvi Aryeh Zemel Zal, and Mesivta Zichron Baruch. Passaic also has a number of Orthodox educational institutions for primary education as well as other advanced seminaries and kollels for married students.

Emergency services

Fire

The Passaic Fire Department (PFD) is a paid fire department with 93 firefighters. The PFD was organized in November 1869 and became a paid department in 1909. There are two fire houses equipped with four Engines and two Ladder trucks. Passaic also operates a large foam tanker truck.[131]

Ambulance

In October 2015, the city approved a contract under which ambulance service in the city is covered by Monmouth Ocean Hospital Service Corporation (MONOC), a non-profit consortium which also provides paramedic services to other municipalities in the area. Under the plan, Passaic laid off 30 EMS workers who had been employed by the city.[132]

Hatzolah of Passaic/Clifton EMS is a volunteer service that primarily covers the Passaic Park section of town and parts of Clifton, in addition to assisting Passaic Police and EMS when requested in other parts of the city. Hatzolah operates two ambulances strategically parked throughout the community with a third on standby and available to assist neighboring chapters such as Union , and Elizabeth.[133]

Transportation

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the city had a total of 70.14 miles (112.88 km) of roadways, of which 53.20 miles (85.62 km) were maintained by the municipality, 13.82 miles (22.24 km) by Passaic County and 3.12 miles (5.02 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[134]

Passaic is served by state roadways including Route 3 and Route 21. The Garden State Parkway and Interstate 80 are nearby. There are five bridges crossing the Passaic River.

Public transportation

Passaic Station

Local bus transportation, much passing through the Passaic Bus Terminal, is provided by New Jersey Transit and Community Coach with service to Paterson, Rutherford, Newark, Clifton, Garfield, and Wallington among other locations on the 74, 702, 703, 705, 707, 709, 744, 758, 780 and 970 routes. New Jersey Transit bus routes 161 and 190 provide local service and interstate service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan.[135][136]

New Jersey Transit's Passaic rail station[137] is located in the Passaic Park section, providing service on the Main Line southbound to Hoboken Terminal, and to Secaucus Junction for New Jersey Transit connections to Pennsylvania Station in Midtown Manhattan, Newark Airport and points north and south. Northbound service is provided to Paterson, Ridgewood and New York stations in Suffern and Port Jervis.[138]

Passaic formerly had four train stations (Passaic Park, Prospect Street, Passaic and Harrison Street) on the Erie Railroad main line. In 1963, these stations were abandoned and the main line was moved to the Boonton Branch.[139]

Commuter jitney buses operate along Main Avenue providing non-scheduled service to Paterson, Union City, the George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal in Washington Heights, Manhattan, and points between.[140]

Films shot in Passaic

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Passaic include:

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  2. 1 2 US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  3. 1 2 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 154.
  4. 1 2 3 Passaic Municipal Election Summary Report Official Results May 14, 2013, Passaic County, New Jersey. Accessed October 16, 2013.
  5. ↑ 2015 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, as of October 20, 2015. Accessed November 14, 2015. As of date accessed, Blanco is listed with a term-end date of April 30, 2017.
  6. ↑ Administration, City of Passaic. Accessed September 21, 2014.
  7. ↑ Municipal Clerk, City of Passaic. Accessed September 21, 2014.
  8. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: City of Passaic, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 8, 2013.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 DP-1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 - 2010 Demographic Profile Data, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 18, 2011.
  10. 1 2 3 The Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships in 2010 in New Jersey: 2000 and 2010, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 19, 2011.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Municipalities Grouped by 2011-2020 Legislative Districts, New Jersey Department of State, p. 14. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  12. 1 2 3 Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Passaic city, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 14, 2011.
  13. 1 2 PEPANNRES - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 - 2014 Population Estimates for New Jersey municipalities, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  14. 1 2 GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 7, 2013.
  15. ↑ ZIP code lookup for Passaic, NJ, United States Postal Service. Accessed August 28, 2011.
  16. ↑ Zip Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed October 16, 2013.
  17. ↑ Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Passaic, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed October 16, 2013.
  18. 1 2 American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  19. ↑ A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed August 15, 2012.
  20. ↑ US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  21. ↑ AP-News Pronunciation Guide L-R, KRGV-TV, June 10, 2012. Accessed August 16, 2012. "Passaic -- puh-SAY'-ihk"
  22. ↑ Martin, Jim. "Jim Martin", Schenectady Gazette, June 3, 1970. Accessed August 16, 2012. "When you have to run 20 miles a day through a corridor of urban sprawl without bumping Into Hackensack, South Orange (pronounced 'Arnj'), Passaic (pronounced 'Puh-sake'), Cedar Ave., Nutley or the Delaware-Lackawanna tracks, you are a human being of extraordinary determination."
  23. ↑ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed August 14, 2012.
  24. ↑ Cunningham, John T. This is New Jersey, p. 67. Rutgers University Press, 1994. ISBN 978-0-8135-2141-1. Accessed January 27, 2015. "Passaic was a Lenape word, too. Some say it meant 'place where the land splits' or 'place where the river splits'. Others claim the word meant 'valley' to the Lenape."
  25. ↑ "Passaic", Lenape Talking Dictionary. Accessed January 27, 2015.
  26. ↑ Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 16, 2015.
  27. ↑ Gannett, Henry. The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States, p. 239. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. "Passaic; county, city in same county, and river in New Jersey; derived either from the Indian word, passaic or passajeek, 'valley,' or from the Indian equivalent of 'peace'."
  28. ↑ Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 210. Accessed March 14, 2012.
  29. ↑ Lurie, Maxine N.; and Mappen, Marc. "Passaic textile strike", Encyclopedia of New Jersey, p. 617. Rutgers University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8135-3325-2. Accessed August 28, 2011.
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  198. 1 2 Kaufman, Gail. "PASSAIC – KIDS FIND TALENT IN THEIR OWN BACK YARD NEW BOOK LAUDS CITY'S ACHIEVERS", The Record (Bergen County), February 11, 1997. Accessed May 12, 2007. "What do Anthony Mason, Loretta Swit, and Joe Piscopo have in common? Beside being nationally known, they hold the city of Passaic as part of their past."
  199. ↑ Cowen, Richard. "CLASS OF '95 EXITS HALLS OF ACADEMIA", The Record (Bergen County), May 19, 1995. Accessed May 13, 2007. "Polci, 42, a Passaic native and former drummer with Frankie Valli..."
  200. ↑ Kloman, William. "Pollard: From Disney To 'Bonnie and Clyde'; Michael J. Pollard", The New York Times, March 31, 1968. Accessed July 9, 2008. "MICHAEL J. POLLARD broke into show biz in a third grade production of H.M.S. Pinafore in Passaic, New Jersey, in which he played one of the First Lord's cousins."
  201. ↑ Stuart Rabner: State Attorney General, State of New Jersey. Accessed September 20, 2007. "Rabner grew up in Passaic and was graduated summa cum laude in 1982 from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University."
  202. ↑ Busciglio, Rick. "A Frank Sinatra Video Tribute from Frankie Randall", Examiner.com, March 21, 2010.
  203. ↑ Joseph Rankin, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed January 13, 2011.
  204. ↑ "Col. John Roosma Dead at 83; Basketball Star at West Point", The New York Times, November 14, 1983. Accessed January 11, 2008.
  205. ↑ Staff. "Rosenberg is a quiet note in frantic fun", Sun Sentinel, April 7, 1996. Accessed January 28, 2011. "Alan Rosenberg was born in Passaic, NJ. During the turbulent '60s at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio, Alan mixed political activism with acting."
  206. ↑ Lambert, Bruce. "Mark Rosenberg, Movie Producer, Dies at Age 44 ", The New York Times, November 8, 1992. Accessed July 29, 2013. "Mr. Rosenberg was born in Passaic, N.J., and attended Bard College and the University of Wisconsin."
  207. 1 2 3 Corliss, Richard. "Nostalgia Hits the Tracks in 'Be Kind Rewind'", Time (magazine), February 22, 2008. Accessed January 13, 2011. "Ah, Passaic, New Jersey! That crumbling, grumbling city across the Hudson from the gleaming skyline of New York, yet worlds removed from Manhattan magic. A place whose residents shiver in dour poverty, and whose most famous native sons and daughters had to leave town to make it big. The honor roll would include Joe Piscopo, Paul Rudd, Steely Dan's Donald Fagen, Gilligan's Island creator Sherwood Schwartz, three-time Oscar-winning producer Saul Zaentz, sitcom regulars Loretta Swit and Larry Storch, sports hysteric Dick Vitale...and, Be Kind Rewind tells us, the legendary pianist and composer Fats Waller."
  208. ↑ Thomas, Robert McG. "Bob Russell, Entertainer, Is Dead at 90", The New York Times, February 2, 1998. Accessed April 22, 2012. "A native of Passaic, N.J., Mr. Russell, whose father was a Russian-born baker, lived in Schenectady, N.Y., before moving to Manhattan at 9, catching the opera bug and changing his name from Roltner to Russell."
  209. ↑ Bob Russell, Songwriters Hall of Fame. Accessed January 13, 2011.
  210. ↑ Weber, Ben. "SAKIEWICZ NAMED NEW METRO GM", New York Post, January 13, 2000. Accessed February 1, 2011. "Investor-operator Stuart Subotnick, the MLS equivalent of the MetroStars' owner, announced that [Charlie Stillitano] would be replaced with Nick Sakiewicz of Passaic, N.J."
  211. ↑ Verongos, Helen T. "James Salter, a ‘Writer’s Writer’ Short on Sales but Long on Acclaim, Dies at 90", The New York Times, June 19, 2015. Accessed June 20, 2015. "James Salter was born James Horowitz on June 10, 1925, in Passaic, N.J., to L. George Horowitz and the former Mildred Scheff."
  212. ↑ Staff. "ZOE SALDANA TRABAJO DE ESTRELLA", El Nuevo Herald, October 2, 2003. Accessed January 20, 2011.
  213. ↑ King, George. "YANK BATS STAY HOT ; BLAST THREE HRS IN ROUT OF TIGERS", New York Post, July 27, 2001. Accessed January 28, 2011. "Knoblauch, who has been the leadoff hitter the Yankees need the past week, snapped a 5-5 tie with his fifth homer off former Passaic (NJ) High School pitcher Victor Santos."
  214. ↑ Pringle, Peter. Experiment Eleven: Dark Secrets Behind the Discovery of a Wonder Drug, Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2012. ISBN 9780802778956. Accessed April 29, 2015. "Albert Schatz...was three, when they (the family) moved to Passaic, New Jersey...During the Great Depression the family lived mostly in Passaic."
  215. ↑ "Elroy Schwartz (1923 - 2013)", The Desert Sun, June 25, 2013. Accessed October 16, 2013. "Born in Passiac [sic], N.J., he moved to the Bronx where he attended school."
  216. ↑ Staff. "WILLIAM WINFIELD SCOTT; Lawyer and Official Historian of Passaic", October 2, 1935. Accessed October 16, 2013.
  217. ↑ Sullivan, Tom. "Passaic's Shirelles follow 'Jersey Boys'", The Record (Bergen County), January 21, 2011. Accessed January 28, 2011.
  218. ↑ Staff. "Robert Smithson", The New York Times. Accessed January 3, 2015. "The artist Robert Smithson is best known for the Spiral Jetty, which has lain in the Great Salt Lake since 1970. Born in Passaic, N.J., in 1938, Smithson died at 35 in an airplane crash in 1973."
  219. ↑ Dr. Edith E. Sproul, National Library of Medicine. Accessed October 16, 2013. "Her work with George Papanicolou at Cornell University Medical School led to the development of the pap smear test for cervical cancer, and she and Charles Gutman of Mount Sinai, New York, were co-discoverers of the association between prostatic cancer and the enzyme acid phosphatase. Edith Sproul was born in Passaic, New Jersey, in 1907."
  220. ↑ via United Press International. "Monday Night Football: 'Niners swamp generic Giants", Ellensburg Daily Record, October 6, 1987. Accessed January 28, 2011.
  221. ↑ Mark Stevens, Pro-Football-Reference.com. Accessed March 4, 2016.
  222. ↑ Tyronne Stowe Past Stats, Statistics, History, and Awards, databaseFootball.com. Accessed February 19, 2008.
  223. ↑ Staff. "Signed, sealed, delivered", The Washington Times, July 25, 2009. Accessed January 28, 2011. "The Passaic, N.J., native also mentioned that regardless of his fitness level, it may be hard for him to get on the field right away, especially considering how stacked United is at midfield."
  224. ↑ via Associated Press, Minor glitch in Janikowski deal", Lodi News-Sentinel, July 21, 2000. Accessed January 28, 2011. "Szott has a son with cerebral palsy and he and his wife have decided a school near his home in Passaic, N.J., is the best place for him."
  225. ↑ via Associated Press. "Passaic native Jack Tatum, NFL star known for vicious hits, dies at 61", The Star-Ledger, July 27, 2010. Accessed August 28, 2011. "Tatum was born in North Carolina but grew up in Passaic, where he was named an All-American as a senior at Passaic High School. In 1999, The Star-Ledger named Tatum, a running back, fullback and defensive back at Passaic despite starting his football career as a sophomore, one of New Jersey's top defensive high school football players of the 20th century."
  226. ↑ via Associated Press. "Osel Tendzin, 47, Head of Tibetan Buddhists, Dies", The New York Times, August 28, 1990. Accessed August 28, 2011. "Mr. Tendzin, who was born in Passaic, N.J., met Mr. Trungpa Rinpoche in 1971 and became his top student, receiving the name Osel Tendzin, or 'radiant holder of the teachings.' His name had been Thomas Rich."
  227. ↑ Vajra Regent, Ösel Tendzin, Shambhala.org. Accessed August 28, 2011. "Born in Passaic, New Jersey, in 1943, Thomas F. Rich attended Fordham University, graduating in 1965."
  228. ↑ Van Antwerpen, Franklin Stuart, Federal Judicial Center. Accessed June 2, 2008.
  229. ↑ DREXLER, CALHOUN AND WOODARD HIGHLIGHT 16 FINALISTS FOR NAISMITH MEMORIAL BASKETBALL HALL OF FAME, Basketball Hall of Fame press release dated February 15, 2004. "DICK VITALE, a native of Passaic, NJ., has been synonymous with college basketball for more than 20 years as the lead color announcer for ESPN."
  230. ↑ Orley, Emily. "The Actress Behind Paris Geller Is All Grown UpLiza Weil, best known for playing Rory Gilmore’s neurotic frenemy on Gilmore Girls, talks about what she learned from life in Stars Hollow, working in ShondaLand for five years, and becoming a series regular again on How to Get Away With Murder.", BuzzFeed, September 17, 2014. Accessed January 3, 2015. "Though she was born in Passaic, New Jersey, she spent her childhood traveling around Europe with her mother, father, and their comedy troupe (a far cry from Paris’ stuffy prep school upbringing)."
  231. ↑ Sturken, Barbara. "Off the Field, Giants Call New Jersey Home", The New York Times, March 31, 1991. Accessed January 14, 2013.
  232. ↑ Staff. "DARRIN A. WINSTON, 42, of Clarksburg in MILLSTONE TOWNSHIP", Asbury Park Press, August 17, 2008. Accessed September 4, 2008. "DARRIN A. WINSTON, 42, of Clarksburg in MILLSTONE TOWNSHIP, passed away Friday, Aug. 15, at CentraState Medical Center, Freehold Township. Born in Passaic, he lived in Edison before moving to Millstone Township 10 years ago."
  233. ↑ Narvaez, Alfonso A. "Oscar Winners Return For Passaic Festivities", The New York Times, May 1, 1976. Accessed June 2, 2008. "Porky Zaentz and Beansie Lieberman came home today, and Mayor Gerald Goldman, members of the City Council and 200 others gathered on the steps of City Hall to honor the two local boys who had made good."
  234. ↑ Staff. "Physical Examination for Frankie Zak Wednesday", Chicago Tribune, April 22, 1945. Accessed August 28, 2011. "Zak, Pittsburgh Pirates shortstop, was notified today by his Passaic, N. J., draft board to report for a physical examination there next Wednesday."
  235. ↑ Frankie Zak, Baseball-Reference.com. Accessed December 14, 2008.

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