This article is about the demographic features of the population of Bahrain, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Demographics of Bahrain, Data of
FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.
Most of the population of Bahrain is concentrated in the two principal cities, Manama and Al Muharraq. According to the 2010 census 70.2% of the population, including non-nationals, are Muslim and over 99% of Bahraini citizens are Muslim.[1]
Ethnic groups
Regarding the ethnicity of Bahrainis, a Financial Times article published on 31 May 1983 found that "Bahrain is a polyglot state, both religiously and racially. Discounting temporary immigrants of the past ten years, there are at least eight or nine communities on the island". These may be classified as:
| Community | Description |
| Afro-Arabs | Descendants of Africans, primarily from East Africa and of mostly Sunni faith |
| Ajam of Bahrain | Persians of Shia faith, a minority are from the Bahai faith. |
| Baharna | Putative indigenous inhabitants of Bahrain, however this is disputed between scholars. The overwhelming majority are Sunni Arabs. |
| Banyan (Bania) | Indians who traded with Bahrain and settled before the age of oil (formerly known as the Hunood or Banyan, Arabic: البونيان), of mostly Hindu faith |
| Bahraini Jews | Jews have inhabited Bahrain for centuries. Most native Bahraini Jews are of Mesopotamian and Persian descent. |
| Hola | Sunni Arabs from Persia |
| Tribal | Urbanized Sunni Bahrainis of Bedouin ancestry, such as the Utoob, Dawasir etc. |
Non-nationals make up more than half of the population of Bahrain, with immigrants making up about 55% of the overall population.[2] Of those, the vast majority come from South and Southeast Asia: according to various media reports and government statistics dated between 2005-2009 roughly 290,000 Indians,[3] 125,000 Bangladeshis,[4] 45,000 Pakistanis,[5] 45,000 Filipinos,[6] and 8,000 Indonesians.[7]
| [1] |
Bahraini |
Other Arabs |
African |
American |
Asian |
European |
TOTAL |
| Population |
568,399 |
66,903 |
19,548 |
4,623 |
563,335 |
11,763 |
1,234,571 |
| Percentage |
46.0% |
5.4% |
1.6% |
0.4% |
45.6% |
1.0% |
100% |
Population
| Historical population |
|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|
| 1950 | 116,000 | — |
|---|
| 1960 | 162,000 | +39.7% |
|---|
| 1970 | 212,000 | +30.9% |
|---|
| 1980 | 358,000 | +68.9% |
|---|
| 1990 | 493,000 | +37.7% |
|---|
| 2000 | 638,000 | +29.4% |
|---|
| 2010 | 1,262,000 | +97.8% |
|---|
| 2020 | 1,885,000 | +49.4% |
|---|
| Source:[8] |
Population census[9]
Population of Bahrain according to nationality 1941-2010
| census year |
Bahraini |
non-Bahraini |
Total population |
| Number |
% |
Number |
% |
Number |
| 1941 | 74,040 | 82.3 | 15,930 | 17.7 | 89,970 |
| 1950 | 91,179 | 83.2 | 18,471 | 16.8 | 109,650 |
| 1959 | 118,734 | 83.0 | 24,401 | 17.0 | 143,135 |
| 1965 | 143,814 | 78.9 | 38,389 | 21.1 | 182,203 |
| 1971 | 178,193 | 82.5 | 37,885 | 17.5 | 216,078 |
| 1981 | 238,420 | 68.0 | 112,378 | 32.0 | 350,798 |
| 1991 | 323,305 | 63.6 | 184,732 | 36.4 | 508,037 |
| 2001 | 405,667 | 62.4 | 244,937 | 37.6 | 650,604 |
| 2010 | 568,399 | 46.0 | 666,172 | 54.0 | 1,234,571 |
Population estimates on July 1[10]
|
Bahraini |
Non-Bahraini |
Total |
% Non-Bahraini |
| 2001 |
409,619 |
251,698 |
661,317 |
38.1% |
| 2002 |
427,246 |
283,307 |
710,554 |
39.9% |
| 2003 |
445,634 |
318,888 |
764,519 |
41.7% |
| 2004 |
464,808 |
358,936 |
823,744 |
43.6% |
| 2005 |
484,810 |
404,013 |
888,824 |
45.5% |
| 2006 |
505,673 |
454,752 |
960,425 |
47.3% |
| 2007 |
527,433 |
511,864 |
1,039,297 |
49.3% |
| 2008 |
541,587 |
561,909 |
1,103,496 |
50.9% |
| 2009 |
558,011 |
620,404 |
1,178,415 |
52.6% |
Vital statistics
UN estimates [11]
| Period |
Live births per year |
Deaths per year |
Natural change per year |
CBR* |
CDR* |
NC* |
TFR* |
IMR* |
| 1950-1955 | 6 000 | 3 000 | 3 000 | 45.0 | 21.6 | 23.4 | 6.97 | 183 |
| 1955-1960 | 7 000 | 3 000 | 4 000 | 45.7 | 17.7 | 27.9 | 6.97 | 156 |
| 1960-1965 | 8 000 | 2 000 | 6 000 | 45.7 | 12.6 | 33.2 | 7.18 | 112 |
| 1965-1970 | 8 000 | 2 000 | 7 000 | 41.6 | 8.7 | 32.9 | 6.97 | 74 |
| 1970-1975 | 8 000 | 2 000 | 7 000 | 35.2 | 6.5 | 28.6 | 5.95 | 49 |
| 1975-1980 | 10 000 | 2 000 | 9 000 | 33.0 | 4.8 | 28.1 | 5.23 | 33 |
| 1980-1985 | 13 000 | 2 000 | 11 000 | 32.9 | 4.1 | 28.8 | 4.63 | 22 |
| 1985-1990 | 14 000 | 2 000 | 13 000 | 31.3 | 3.6 | 27.7 | 4.08 | 16 |
| 1990-1995 | 14 000 | 2 000 | 12 000 | 26.3 | 3.3 | 23.1 | 3.35 | 14 |
| 1995-2000 | 14 000 | 2 000 | 12 000 | 23.1 | 3.2 | 19.9 | 2.89 | 11 |
| 2000-2005 | 14 000 | 2 000 | 12 000 | 21.1 | 3.0 | 18.1 | 2.62 | 9 |
| 2005-2010 | 21 000 | 3 000 | 18 000 | 20.7 | 2.8 | 18.0 | 2.63 | 7 |
| * CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman) |
Birth registration of Bahrain is available from 1976, death registration started in 1990. Between 1976 and 2011 the number of births roughly doubled, but the birth rate decreased from 32 to 13 per 1,000. The death rate of Bahrain (1.9 per 1,000 in 2011) is among the lowest in the world.
|
Average population (x 1000) |
Live births |
Deaths |
Natural change |
Crude birth rate (per 1000) |
Crude death rate (per 1000) |
Natural change (per 1000) |
TFR |
| 1976 |
282 |
8 984 | | |
31.8 | | | |
| 1977 |
302 |
9 058 | | |
30.0 | | | |
| 1978 |
322 |
9 398 | | |
29.2 | | | |
| 1979 |
341 |
9 664 | | |
28.3 | | | |
| 1980 |
358 |
10 140 | | |
28.3 | | | |
| 1981 |
372 |
10 300 | | |
27.7 | | | |
| 1982 |
384 |
11 037 | | |
28.8 | | | |
| 1983 |
394 |
11 431 | | |
29.0 | | | |
| 1984 |
405 |
11 519 | | |
28.5 | | | |
| 1985 |
417 |
12 314 | | |
29.5 | | | |
| 1986 |
431 |
12 893 | | |
29.9 | | | |
| 1987 |
446 |
12 699 | | |
28.5 | | | |
| 1988 |
462 |
12 555 | | |
27.2 | | | |
| 1989 |
478 |
13 611 | | |
28.5 | | | |
| 1990 |
493 |
13 370 | 1 552 | 11 818 |
27.1 | 3.1 | 24.0 | |
| 1991 |
507 |
13 229 | 1 744 | 11 485 |
26.1 | 3.4 | 22.7 | |
| 1992 |
520 |
13 874 | 1 760 | 12 114 |
26.7 | 3.4 | 23.3 | |
| 1993 |
532 |
14 191 | 1 714 | 12 477 |
26.7 | 3.2 | 23.5 | |
| 1994 |
545 |
13 766 | 1 695 | 12 071 |
25.2 | 3.1 | 22.1 | |
| 1995 |
559 |
13 481 | 1 910 | 11 571 |
24.1 | 3.4 | 20.7 | |
| 1996 |
575 |
13 123 | 1 780 | 11 343 |
22.8 | 3.1 | 19.7 | |
| 1997 |
593 |
13 382 | 1 822 | 11 560 |
22.6 | 3.1 | 19.5 | |
| 1998 |
611 |
13 381 | 1 997 | 11 384 |
21.9 | 3.3 | 18.6 | |
| 1999 |
627 |
14 280 | 1 920 | 12 360 |
22.8 | 3.1 | 19.7 | |
| 2000 |
638 |
13 947 | 2 045 | 11 902 |
21.9 | 3.2 | 18.7 | |
| 2001 |
643 |
13 468 | 1 979 | 11 489 |
21.0 | 3.1 | 17.9 | |
| 2002 |
642 |
13 576 | 2 035 | 11 541 |
21.1 | 3.2 | 17.9 | |
| 2003 |
647 |
14 560 | 2 114 | 12 446 |
22.5 | 3.3 | 19.2 | |
| 2004 |
672 |
14 968 | 2 215 | 12 753 |
22.3 | 3.3 | 19.0 | |
| 2005 |
725 |
15 198 | 2 222 | 12 976 |
21.0 | 3.1 | 17.9 | |
| 2006 |
811 |
15 053 | 2 317 | 12 736 |
18.6 | 2.9 | 15.7 | |
| 2007 |
926 |
16 062 | 2 270 | 13 792 |
17.4 | 2.5 | 14.9 | |
| 2008 |
1 052 |
17 022 | 2 390 | 14 632 |
16.2 | 2.3 | 13.9 | |
| 2009 |
1 170 |
17 841 | 2 387 | 15 454 |
15.1 | 2.0 | 13.1 | 1,951 |
| 2010 |
1 262 |
18 150 | 2 401 | 15 749 |
14.8 | 2.0 | 12.8 | 1,877 |
| 2011 |
1 324 |
17 573 | 2 528 | 15 045 |
14.7 | 2.1 | 12.6 | 1,967 |
| 2012 |
|
19 119 | 2 613 | 16 506 |
15.5 | 2.1 | 13.4 | 2,134 |
| 2013 |
|
| 2 588 | |
| 2.1 | | |
| 2014 |
|
20 931 | | |
15.9 | | | |
Structure of the population [15]
Structure of the population (01.07.2011) (Estimates) :
| Age Group |
Male |
Female |
Total |
% |
| Total |
741 483 |
453 537 |
1 195 020 |
100 |
| 0-4 |
46 681 |
44 877 |
91 558 |
7,66 |
| 5-9 |
42 537 |
40 692 |
83 229 |
6,96 |
| 10-14 |
38 672 |
36 578 |
75 250 |
6,30 |
| 15-19 |
37 759 |
34 936 |
72 695 |
6,08 |
| 20-24 |
63 936 |
40 852 |
104 788 |
8,77 |
| 25-29 |
117 047 |
50 654 |
167 701 |
14,03 |
| 30-34 |
103 644 |
47 484 |
151 128 |
12,65 |
| 35-39 |
83 978 |
39 709 |
123 687 |
10,35 |
| 40-44 |
68 838 |
33 252 |
102 090 |
8,54 |
| 45-49 |
51 082 |
29 088 |
80 170 |
6,71 |
| 50-54 |
39 057 |
21 533 |
60 590 |
5,07 |
| 55-59 |
24 174 |
13 286 |
37 460 |
3,13 |
| 60-64 |
10 797 |
7 110 |
17 907 |
1,50 |
| 65-69 |
5 176 |
4 822 |
9 998 |
0,84 |
| 70-74 |
3 736 |
3 922 |
7 658 |
0,64 |
| 75-79 |
2 180 |
2 399 |
4 579 |
0,38 |
| 80-84 |
1 269 |
1 396 |
2 665 |
0,22 |
| 85+ |
920 |
947 |
1 867 |
0,16 |
|
| Age group |
Male |
Female |
Total |
Percent |
| 0-14 |
127 890 |
122 147 |
250 037 |
20,92 |
| 15-64 |
600 312 |
317 904 |
918 216 |
76,84 |
| 65+ |
13 281 |
13 486 |
26 767 |
2,24 |
|
Religions
| [1] |
Men |
Women |
TOTAL |
Bahraini |
Non-Bahraini |
| Muslims |
511,135 |
355,753 |
866,888 |
567,229 |
299,659 |
| Others |
257,279 |
110,414 |
367,683 |
1,170 |
366,513 |
| Total |
768,414 |
466,157 |
1,234,571 |
568,399 |
666,172 |
| Muslim % |
|
|
70.2% |
99.8% |
45.0% |
|
Islam is the official religion. The citizen population is 99.8% Muslim, although the Muslim proportion falls to 70.2% when the non-national population is included.[1] Current census data doesn't differentiate between the other religions in Bahrain, but there are about 1,000[16] Christian citizens and about 40[17] Jewish citizens.
Muslims belong to the Shi'a and Sunni branches of Islam. There are no official figures, but the Shi'a constitute 46-60% of the Bahraini Muslim population.[18][19](p13) Foreigners, overwhelmingly from South Asia and other Arab countries, constituted 54% of the population in 2010.[1] Of these, 45% are Muslim and 55% are non-Muslim,[1] including Christians (primarily: Catholic, Protestant, Syrian Orthodox, and Mar Thoma from South India), Hindus, Bahá'ís, Buddhists, and Sikhs.[20]
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[21]
Median age
Population pyramid of Bahrain in 2012.
- Total: 31.1 years
- Male: 32.5 years
- Female: 28.3 years (2012 est.)
Urbanization
- Urban population: 89% of total population (2010)
- Rate of urbanization: 7.8% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Sex ratio
- At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
- Under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
- 15-64 years: 1.75 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female
- Total population: 1.54 male(s)/female (2012 est.)
Maternal mortality
- 20 deaths/100,000 live births (2010 est.).
- county comparison to the world: 139
Health expenditure
- 14.5% of total GDP (2009)
- country comparison to the world: 49
HIV/AIDS
- Adult prevalence rate: 0.2% (2001 est.)
- county comparison to the world: 95
- People living with HIV/AIDS: Fewer than 600 (2007 est.)
- county comparison to the world: 148
- Deaths: Fewer than 200 (2003 est.)
- county comparison to the world: 107
Languages
- Arabic
- English
- Balochi
- Persian
- Urdu
- Malayalam
- Hindi
- Singhalese
- Tamil
- Punjabi
- Bengali
Literacy and education
Bahrain has traditionally boasted an advanced educational system. Schooling and related costs are entirely paid for by the government, and, although not compulsory, primary and secondary attendance rates are high. Bahrain also encourages institutions of higher learning, drawing on expatriate talent and the increasing pool of Bahrainis returning from abroad with advanced degrees. University of Bahrain was established in 1986 for standard undergraduate and graduate study, and the College of Health Sciences—operating under the direction of the Ministry of Health—trains physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and paramedics.
Overall literacy is 94.6% (96.1% for men and 91.6% for women) (2010 census).
Education expenditure
- 2.9% of total GDP (2008)
- country comparison to the world: 135
References
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "General Tables". Bahraini Census 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
- ↑ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ba.html
- ↑ "Indian Community". Indian Embassy. 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ↑ "New Bahrain rule may end labour exploitation", The Daily Star, 2009-05-09, retrieved 2009-05-14
- ↑ Year Book, Overseas Pakistani Foundation, 2004–2005, retrieved 2009-05-12
- ↑ "Bahrain looking to hire more Filipino workers", Manila Times, 5 Feb 2009, retrieved 6 March 2012
- ↑ "Indonesians encouraged", Gulf Daily News, 2007-08-07, retrieved 2009-05-12
- ↑ World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
- ↑
- ↑ Sources: Bahrain Central Informatics Organization, population estimate July 1 of each year, and for 2008, 2009
- ↑ World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
- ↑ United nations. Demographic Yearbooks
- ↑ Ministry of Health Statistics
- ↑ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/vitstats/serATab3.pdf
- ↑ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm
- ↑ "The Catholic Church in Bahrain". Catholic Church in Bahrain. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
- ↑ "Low profile but welcome: a Jewish outpost in the Gulf". Independent. 2 Nov 2007. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
- ↑ "UK FCO". UK FCO. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
- ↑ "Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry". BICI. 29 June 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ↑ "International Religious Freedom Report". US State Dept. 2011-09-13. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
- ↑ Bahrain at the World Factbook
Sources
This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document "2006 edition".
- 2003 U.S. Department of State website
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