Religion in the Republic of Macedonia

Religion in Macedonia (2002 census)^[1]

  Eastern Orthodoxy (64.8%)

  Islam (33.3%)

  Roman Catholicism (0.3%)

  Others (1.6%)

Church of St.Sophia in Ohrid.

In the Republic of Macedonia, the most common religion is Orthodox Christianity, practiced by most of the ethnic Macedonians. Muslims are the second-largest religious group with almost one-third of the population adhering to Islam, mainly from the country's Albanian minority. There are also many other religious groups in Macedonia, including Catholicism, Protestantism, and Judaism.

Macedonian Orthodoxy

Eastern Orthodoxy has had a long history in Macedonia, and remains the majority religion. In 1019 the Archbishopric of Ohrid was established. In 1767 on order of the Sultan, the Archbishopric was abolished by the Turkish authorities and annexed to the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries there was an effort to reinstate the Archbishopric of Ohrid. The Macedonian Orthodox Church gained autonomy from the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1959 and declared the restoration of the Archbishopric of Ohrid. On July 19, 1967, the Macedonian Orthodox Church declared autocephaly from the Serbian Orthodox Church. Most Macedonians belong to the Orthodox faith. In 2001 the Church had about 1,350,000 adherents in Macedonia.^[2]

Other Christianity

The Macedonian Catholic Church in Bitola, Macedonia.

The Macedonian Catholic Church was established in 1918. It is a Byzantine Rite sui juris particular church within the communion of Roman and Eastern Catholic Churches and uses Macedonian in the liturgy. The exarchate was dissolved in 1924. In 2001 the Holy See re-established the Apostolic Exarchate of Macedonia. Currently, members of the Macedonian Catholic Church number about 11,266.^[3]

There are a number of Protestants in Macedonia. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, American missionaries converted villages in the Strumica-Petrich region to Methodism, a faith still practiced. There is also a small community of Macedonian Baptists which has existed since 1928.^[4]

The Serbian Orthodox Church operates among the Serbians in Macedonia's North. The number of adherents corresponds with the number of Serbs at 36,000.

Islam in Macedonia

Mustafa Pasha Mosque in Skopje.

Islam has had a significant influence in Macedonia since the Ottoman invasions in the 14th and 15th centuries. Many Turks settled in Macedonia and introduced aspects of Islamic culture. Most Albanians and some ethnic Macedonians converted to Islam, these Macedonian Muslims or Torbeši generally retained their Macedonian culture and customs while many were assimilated as Turks.^[5] By the 19th Century most of the cities were primarily populated by Muslims.^[5] The Šarena Džamija in Tetovo is a legacy of the country's Ottoman past. Macedonia's Muslim population was approximately 500,000 in 2002. Today, Muslims form approximately 33.33% of the nation's total population.^[6] However, Islam is predicted to be become the largest religion in the country by 2050, with almost half of the country adhering to the faith. ^[7]

Judaism

The Sephardic Jewish Synangogue in Bitola prior to World War II

Jews had been present when the region now called the Republic of Macedonia was under Roman rule in the second century AD. The population was decimated by the Crusades, but rose again following the immigration of Sephardic Jews under the Ottoman Empire. In the Second World War, Macedonia was occupied by Bulgaria, an Axis power, and the Jews were sent to concentration camps.^[8] As in the rest of the Balkans, the Holocaust and immigration to Israel means that Macedonia now has a much smaller Jewish community, numbering roughly 200. It is mainly based in the capital, Skopje, and has no functioning synagogue.^[9]

Hinduism

See also

• Slavic Neopaganism
• Hinduism in the Republic of Macedonia

References

1. http://www.stat.gov.mk/publikacii/knigaX.pdf Census 2002 Page 335
2. CIA - The World Factbook - Macedonia
3. Annuario Pontificio 2012, p. 1031
4. Историја на македонската нација. Блаже Ристовски, 1999, Скопје
5. Niel Simpson, Macedonia;Its Disputed History,Aristoc Press.1994
6. "Republic of Macedonia". International Religious Freedom Report 2006. United States Department of State. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
7. http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projections-2010-2050/
8. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005355
9. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Macedonia.html