Renal glycosuria

Renal glycosuria
Glucose
Classification and external resources
Specialty	endocrinology
ICD-10	E74.8
ICD-9-CM	271.4
OMIM	233100
DiseasesDB	29130
eMedicine	ped/1991
MeSH	D006030

Renal glycosuria, also known as renal glucosuria, is a rare condition in which the simple sugar glucose is excreted in the urine^[1] despite normal or low blood glucose levels. With normal kidney (renal) function, glucose is excreted in the urine only when there are abnormally elevated levels of glucose in the blood. However, in those with renal glycosuria, glucose is abnormally elevated in the urine due to improper functioning of the renal tubules, which are primary components of nephrons, the filtering units of the kidneys.

Diagnosis

A doctor normally can diagnose renal glycosuria when a routine urine test (Urinalysis) detects glucose in the urine, while a blood test indicates that the blood glucose level is normal.

Presentation

In most affected individuals, the condition causes no apparent symptoms (asymptomatic) or serious effects. When renal glycosuria occurs as an isolated finding with otherwise normal kidney function, the condition is thought to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.

Genetics

It is associated with SLC5A2, coding the sodium glucose cotransporter 2.

Synonyms

Benign glycosuria
Familial renal glycosuria
Nondiabetic glycosuria
Primary renal glycosuria
Diabetes renalis
Renal diabetes
Diabetes innocence
Low renal threshold

References

↑ KHACHADURIAN AK, KHACHADURIAN LA (June 1964). "THE INHERITANCE OF RENAL GLYCOSURIA". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 16: 189–94. PMC 1932305. PMID 14174800.

Inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism: monosaccharide metabolism disorders (including glycogen storage diseases) (E73–E74, 271)

Sucrose, transport
(extracellular)

Disaccharide catabolism	Congenital alactasia Sucrose intolerance

Monosaccharide transport	Glucose-galactose malabsorption Inborn errors of renal tubular transport (Renal glycosuria) Fructose malabsorption

Hexose → glucose

Monosaccharide catabolism

fructose:	Essential fructosuria Fructose intolerance

galactose/galactosemia:	GALK deficiency GALT deficiency/GALE deficiency

Glucose ⇄ glycogen

Glycogenesis

Glycogenolysis

extralysosomal:	GSD type V, McArdle, muscle glycogen phosphorylase/GSD type VI, Hers', liver glycogen phosphorylase GSD type III, Cori's, debranching

lysosomal/LSD: GSD type II, Pompe's, glucosidase

Glucose ⇄ CAC

Glycolysis	MODY 2/HHF3 GSD type VII, Tarui's, phosphofructokinase Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency Pyruvate kinase deficiency

Gluconeogenesis	PCD Fructose bisphosphatase deficiency GSD type I, von Gierke, glucose 6-phosphatase

Pentose phosphate pathway

Other

Genetic disorder, membrane: Solute carrier disorders

1-10	SLC1A3 Episodic ataxia 6 SLC2A1 De Vivo disease SLC2A5 Fructose malabsorption SLC2A10 Arterial tortuosity syndrome SLC3A1 Cystinuria SLC4A1 Hereditary spherocytosis 4/Hereditary elliptocytosis 4 SLC4A11 Congenital endothelial dystrophy type 2 Fuchs' dystrophy 4 SLC5A1 Glucose-galactose malabsorption SLC5A2 Renal glycosuria SLC5A5 Thyroid dyshormonogenesis type 1 SLC6A19 Hartnup disease SLC7A7 Lysinuric protein intolerance SLC7A9 Cystinuria

11-20	SLC11A1 Crohn's disease SLC12A3 Gitelman syndrome SLC16A1 HHF7 SLC16A2 Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome SLC17A5 Salla disease SLC17A8 DFNA25

21-40	SLC26A2 Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia 4 Achondrogenesis type 1B Recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia Atelosteogenesis, type II Diastrophic dysplasia SLC26A4 Pendred syndrome SLC35C1 CDOG 2C SLC39A4 Acrodermatitis enteropathica SLC40A1 African iron overload

see also solute carrier family

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