Pendrin

Solute carrier family 26 (anion exchanger), member 4
Identifiers
Symbols SLC26A4 ; DFNB4; EVA; PDS; TDH2B
External IDs OMIM: 605646 MGI: 1346029 HomoloGene: 20132 GeneCards: SLC26A4 Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 5172 23985
Ensembl ENSG00000091137 ENSMUSG00000020651
UniProt O43511 Q9R155
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000441 NM_011867
RefSeq (protein) NP_000432 NP_035997
Location (UCSC) Chr 7:
107.66 – 107.72 Mb		 Chr 12:
31.52 – 31.56 Mb
PubMed search

Pendrin, also known as sodium-independent chloride/iodide transporter, is an antiporter anion exchanger protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC26A4 gene (solute carrier family 26, member 4).[1][2] Pendrin is similar to the Band 3 transport protein found in red blood cells. Pendrin is the protein which is mutated in Pendred syndrome, which is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, goiter and a partial organification problem detectable by a positive perchlorate test.[3]

Pendrin is responsible for mediating the electroneutral exchange of chloride (Cl−) for bicarbonate (HCO3−) across a plasma membrane in the chloride cells of freshwater fish.

By phylogenetic analysis, pendrin has been found to be a close relative of prestin present on the hair cells or organ of corti in the inner ear. Prestin is primarily an electromechanical transducer but pendrin is an ion transporter.

Pendrin is also thought to be responsible for mediating the electroneutral exchange of chloride (Cl−) for bicarbonate (HCO3−) across a plasma membrane in the chloride cells of freshwater fish.

Function

Pendrin is an ion exchanger found in many types of cells in the body. For example it is found in the cortical collecting duct lining cells in the kidney.[4]

Thyroid hormone synthesis, with Pendrin seen at center between the follicular colloid and the follicular cell.

Pendrin is found at the apical (luminal) membrane of follicular cells in the thyroid gland. It transports iodide from the cytoplasm to the follicle lumen. Its activity is necessary for production of thyroid hormone.

Pendrin is also found in the cells of the inner ear, where its function is not well understood.

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene are associated with Pendred syndrome, the most common form of syndromic deafness, an autosomal-recessive disease. Pendred syndrome is also characterized by hypothyroidism. SLC26A4 is highly homologous to the SLC26A3 gene; they have similar genomic structures and this gene is located 3' of the SLC26A3 gene. The encoded protein has homology to sulfate transporters.[1]

Another little-understood role of pendrin is in airway hyperreactivity and inflammation, as during asthma attacks and allergic reactions. Expression of pendrin in the lung increases in response to allergens and high concentrations of IL-13,[5][6] and overexpression of pendrin results in airway inflammation, hyperreactivity, and increased mucus production.[7][8] These symptoms could result from pendrin's effects on ion concentration in the airway surface liquid, possibly causing the liquid to be less hydrated.[9]

References

  1. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: SLC26A4 solute carrier family 26, member 4".
  2. ↑ Everett LA, Glaser B, Beck JC, Idol JR, Buchs A, Heyman M, Adawi F, Hazani E, Nassir E, Baxevanis AD, Sheffield VC, Green ED (Dec 1997). "Pendred syndrome is caused by mutations in a putative sulphate transporter gene (PDS)". Nature Genetics 17 (4): 411–22. doi:10.1038/ng1297-411. PMID 9398842.
  3. ↑ Patterson C, Runge MS (2006). Principles of molecular medicine. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. p. 957. ISBN 1-58829-202-9.
  4. ↑ Wall SM (2006). "The renal physiology of pendrin (SLC26A4) and its role in hypertension". Novartis Foundation Symposium. Novartis Foundation Symposia 273: 231–9. doi:10.1002/0470029579.ch15. ISBN 978-0-470-02957-2. PMID 17120771.
  5. ↑ Kuperman DA, Lewis CC, Woodruff PG, Rodriguez MW, Yang YH, Dolganov GM, Fahy JV, Erle DJ (Aug 2005). "Dissecting asthma using focused transgenic modeling and functional genomics". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 116 (2): 305–11. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.03.024. PMID 16083784.
  6. ↑ Zhen G, Park SW, Nguyenvu LT, Rodriguez MW, Barbeau R, Paquet AC, Erle DJ (Feb 2007). "IL-13 and epidermal growth factor receptor have critical but distinct roles in epithelial cell mucin production". American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 36 (2): 244–53. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2006-0180OC. PMC 1899314. PMID 16980555.
  7. ↑ Pedemonte N, Caci E, Sondo E, Caputo A, Rhoden K, Pfeffer U, Di Candia M, Bandettini R, Ravazzolo R, Zegarra-Moran O, Galietta LJ (Apr 2007). "Thiocyanate transport in resting and IL-4-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells: role of pendrin and anion channels". Journal of Immunology 178 (8): 5144–53. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.5144. PMID 17404297.
  8. ↑ Nakao I, Kanaji S, Ohta S, Matsushita H, Arima K, Yuyama N, Yamaya M, Nakayama K, Kubo H, Watanabe M, Sagara H, Sugiyama K, Tanaka H, Toda S, Hayashi H, Inoue H, Hoshino T, Shiraki A, Inoue M, Suzuki K, Aizawa H, Okinami S, Nagai H, Hasegawa M, Fukuda T, Green ED, Izuhara K (May 2008). "Identification of pendrin as a common mediator for mucus production in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". Journal of Immunology 180 (9): 6262–9. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.9.6262. PMID 18424749.
  9. ↑ Nakagami Y, Favoreto S, Zhen G, Park SW, Nguyenvu LT, Kuperman DA, Dolganov GM, Huang X, Boushey HA, Avila PC, Erle DJ (Aug 2008). "The epithelial anion transporter pendrin is induced by allergy and rhinovirus infection, regulates airway surface liquid, and increases airway reactivity and inflammation in an asthma model". Journal of Immunology 181 (3): 2203–10. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.2203. PMC 2491716. PMID 18641360.

Further reading

  • Markovich D (Oct 2001). "Physiological roles and regulation of mammalian sulfate transporters". Physiological Reviews 81 (4): 1499–533. PMID 11581495. 
  • Baldwin CT, Weiss S, Farrer LA, De Stefano AL, Adair R, Franklyn B, Kidd KK, Korostishevsky M, Bonné-Tamir B (Sep 1995). "Linkage of congenital, recessive deafness (DFNB4) to chromosome 7q31 and evidence for genetic heterogeneity in the Middle Eastern Druze population". Human Molecular Genetics 4 (9): 1637–42. doi:10.1093/hmg/4.9.1637. PMID 8541853. 
  • Coyle B, Coffey R, Armour JA, Gausden E, Hochberg Z, Grossman A, Britton K, Pembrey M, Reardon W, Trembath R (Apr 1996). "Pendred syndrome (goitre and sensorineural hearing loss) maps to chromosome 7 in the region containing the nonsyndromic deafness gene DFNB4". Nature Genetics 12 (4): 421–3. doi:10.1038/ng0496-421. PMID 8630497. 
  • Sheffield VC, Kraiem Z, Beck JC, Nishimura D, Stone EM, Salameh M, Sadeh O, Glaser B (Apr 1996). "Pendred syndrome maps to chromosome 7q21-34 and is caused by an intrinsic defect in thyroid iodine organification". Nature Genetics 12 (4): 424–6. doi:10.1038/ng0496-424. PMID 8630498. 
  • Gausden E, Armour JA, Coyle B, Coffey R, Hochberg Z, Pembrey M, Britton KE, Grossman A, Reardon W, Trembath R (Apr 1996). "Thyroid peroxidase: evidence for disease gene exclusion in Pendred's syndrome". Clinical Endocrinology 44 (4): 441–6. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1996.714536.x. PMID 8706311. 
  • Coucke P, Van Camp G, Demirhan O, Kabakkaya Y, Balemans W, Van Hauwe P, Van Agtmael T, Smith RJ, Parving A, Bolder CH, Cremers CW, Willems PJ (Feb 1997). "The gene for Pendred syndrome is located between D7S501 and D7S692 in a 1.7-cM region on chromosome 7q". Genomics 40 (1): 48–54. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.4541. PMID 9070918. 
  • Li XC, Everett LA, Lalwani AK, Desmukh D, Friedman TB, Green ED, Wilcox ER (Mar 1998). "A mutation in PDS causes non-syndromic recessive deafness". Nature Genetics 18 (3): 215–7. doi:10.1038/ng0398-215. PMID 9500541. 
  • Van Hauwe P, Everett LA, Coucke P, Scott DA, Kraft ML, Ris-Stalpers C, Bolder C, Otten B, de Vijlder JJ, Dietrich NL, Ramesh A, Srisailapathy SC, Parving A, Cremers CW, Willems PJ, Smith RJ, Green ED, Van Camp G (Jul 1998). "Two frequent missense mutations in Pendred syndrome". Human Molecular Genetics 7 (7): 1099–104. doi:10.1093/hmg/7.7.1099. PMID 9618166. 
  • Coyle B, Reardon W, Herbrick JA, Tsui LC, Gausden E, Lee J, Coffey R, Grueters A, Grossman A, Phelps PD, Luxon L, Kendall-Taylor P, Scherer SW, Trembath RC (Jul 1998). "Molecular analysis of the PDS gene in Pendred syndrome". Human Molecular Genetics 7 (7): 1105–12. doi:10.1093/hmg/7.7.1105. PMID 9618167. 
  • Usami S, Abe S, Weston MD, Shinkawa H, Van Camp G, Kimberling WJ (Feb 1999). "Non-syndromic hearing loss associated with enlarged vestibular aqueduct is caused by PDS mutations". Human Genetics 104 (2): 188–92. doi:10.1007/s004390050933. PMID 10190331. 
  • Scott DA, Wang R, Kreman TM, Sheffield VC, Karniski LP (Apr 1999). "The Pendred syndrome gene encodes a chloride-iodide transport protein". Nature Genetics 21 (4): 440–3. doi:10.1038/7783. PMID 10192399. 
  • Masmoudi S, Charfedine I, Hmani M, Grati M, Ghorbel AM, Elgaied-Boulila A, Drira M, Hardelin JP, Ayadi H (Jan 2000). "Pendred syndrome: phenotypic variability in two families carrying the same PDS missense mutation". American Journal of Medical Genetics 90 (1): 38–44. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(20000103)90:1<38::AID-AJMG8>3.0.CO;2-R. PMID 10602116. 
  • Reardon W, OMahoney CF, Trembath R, Jan H, Phelps PD (Feb 2000). "Enlarged vestibular aqueduct: a radiological marker of pendred syndrome, and mutation of the PDS gene". Qjm 93 (2): 99–104. doi:10.1093/qjmed/93.2.99. PMID 10700480. 
  • Bogazzi F, Raggi F, Ultimieri F, Campomori A, Cosci C, Berrettini S, Neri E, La Rocca R, Ronca G, Martino E, Bartalena L (Mar 2000). "A novel mutation in the pendrin gene associated with Pendred's syndrome". Clinical Endocrinology 52 (3): 279–85. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.00930.x. PMID 10718825. 
  • Bidart JM, Mian C, Lazar V, Russo D, Filetti S, Caillou B, Schlumberger M (May 2000). "Expression of pendrin and the Pendred syndrome (PDS) gene in human thyroid tissues". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 85 (5): 2028–33. doi:10.1210/jc.85.5.2028. PMID 10843192. 
  • Adato A, Raskin L, Petit C, Bonne-Tamir B (Jun 2000). "Deafness heterogeneity in a Druze isolate from the Middle East: novel OTOF and PDS mutations, low prevalence of GJB2 35delG mutation and indication for a new DFNB locus". European Journal of Human Genetics 8 (6): 437–42. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200489. PMID 10878664. 
  • Lohi H, Kujala M, Kerkelä E, Saarialho-Kere U, Kestilä M, Kere J (Nov 2000). "Mapping of five new putative anion transporter genes in human and characterization of SLC26A6, a candidate gene for pancreatic anion exchanger". Genomics 70 (1): 102–12. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6355. PMID 11087667. 
  • Royaux IE, Wall SM, Karniski LP, Everett LA, Suzuki K, Knepper MA, Green ED (Mar 2001). "Pendrin, encoded by the Pendred syndrome gene, resides in the apical region of renal intercalated cells and mediates bicarbonate secretion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98 (7): 4221–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.071516798. PMC 31206. PMID 11274445. 
  • Campbell C, Cucci RA, Prasad S, Green GE, Edeal JB, Galer CE, Karniski LP, Sheffield VC, Smith RJ (May 2001). "Pendred syndrome, DFNB4, and PDS/SLC26A4 identification of eight novel mutations and possible genotype-phenotype correlations". Human Mutation 17 (5): 403–11. doi:10.1002/humu.1116. PMID 11317356. 

External links

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