Rutul language
| Rutul | |
|---|---|
| мыхӀабишды чӀел myxʼabišdy čʼel | |
| Native to | Southern Dagestan, Russia; Azerbaijan |
| Ethnicity | Rutul |
Native speakers |
30,000 in Russia (2010 census)[1] 17,000 in Azerbaijan (no date)[2] |
| Cyrillic | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Dagestan (Russia) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
rut |
| Glottolog |
rutu1240[3] |
|
Rutul in the Caucasus | |
Rutul is a language spoken by the Rutuls, an ethnic group living in Dagestan (Russia) and some parts of Azerbaijan. It is spoken by 30,000 people in Dagestan (2010 census)[4] and 17,000 (no date) in Azerbaijan.[2] The word Rutul derives from the name of a Dagestani village where speakers of this language make up the majority.[5]
Rutul is endangered in Russia[6] and classified as "definitely endangered" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.[7]
Classification
Rutul belongs to the Lezgic group of the Northeast Caucasian language family. The Rutuls call their language myxʼabišdy čʼel.
History
Rutul was not a written language until the writing system for it (based on Cyrillic) was developed in 1990. Speakers are often bilingual or multilingual, having a good command of the Azeri, Lezgian and/or Russian languages. There are 8 dialects and 2 subdialects of Rutul. The literary version of the language remains in the process of development. In the Rutul-populated regions of southern Russia, Rutul is taught in primary schools (grades 1 to 4).[5]
Related languages
Among the languages of the Lezgic group, Tsakhur appears to be the closest relative of Rutul.[8] Other than these two, there are seven more languages in the Lezgic group, namely: Lezgian, Tabasaran, Aghul, Budukh, Kryts, Udi and Archi.
See also
References
- ↑ Rutul at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- 1 2 Rutul language at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
- ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Rutul". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- ↑ Информационные материалы об окончательных итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года
- 1 2 (Russian) ETHEO: Rutul Language
- ↑ Published in: Encyclopedia of the world’s endangered languages. Edited by Christopher Moseley. London & New York: Routledge, 2007. 211–280.
- ↑ UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
- ↑ (Russian) The Tsakhur language. The ETHEO Project. Last updated 11 October 2005. Retrieved 26 December 2006
External links
 |
Rutul language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator |
- Rutul dictionary online (select simple or advanced browsing)
- Appendix:Cyrillic script
- Folk Songs and Dances of the Rutuls of Azerbaijan
- Rutul basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database (3 Rutul dialects: Mukhad, Ixrek, Luchek)
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