Streptophyta

Streptophyta
Scientific classification
(unranked):	Archaeplastida
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967,[1] sensu Leliaert et al. 2012
Divisions
Charophyta Embryophyta
Synonyms
Anthocerophyta Sluiman 1985[2] Charophyta Migula 1897 sensu Lewis & McCourt 2004; Karol et al. 2009

Streptophyta or Streptophytina, informally the streptophytes (from the Greek strepto, for twisted, i.e., the morphology of the sperm of some members), is an unranked clade of plants. The composition of the clade varies considerably between authors. One common definition includes the land plants, the embryophytes (bryophytes and vascular plants)^[3] and the green algal group Charophyta, which includes the Mesostigmatales, Chlorokybales, Klebsormidiales, Zygnematales, Coleochaetales and Charales.^[4]

Classifications

The composition of the Streptophyta and similar groups (Streptophytina, Charophyta) varies in each classification.^[5] Some authors are more restrictive, including only the Charales and Embryophyta (e.g., Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967; Adl et al. 2012, Streptophytina Lewis & McCourt 2004), others include more groups (e.g., Charophyta Lewis & McCourt 2004; Karol et al. 2009; Adl et al. 2012, Streptophyta Bremer, 1985; de Reviers 2002; Leliaert et al. 2012, Streptobionta Kenrick & Crane 1997; some authors use this broader definition, but exclude the Embryophyta, e.g., Charophyta Cavalier-Smith 1993;^[6] Leliaert et al. 2012, Charophyceae Mattox & Stewart, 1984, Streptophycophytes de Reviers, 2002).

Jeffrey, 1967

• Streptophyta
  • Charales
  • Embryophyta

Lewis & McCourt 2004

• Division Charophyta (charophyte algae and embryophytes)
  • Class Mesostigmatophyceae (mesostigmatophytes)
  • Class Chlorokybophyceae (chlorokybophytes)
  • Class Klebsormidiophyceae (klebsormidiophytes)
  • Class Zygnemophyceae (conjugates)
    • Order Zygnematales (filamentous conjugates and saccoderm desmids)
    • Order Desmidiales (placoderm desmids)
  • Class Coleochaetophyceae (coleochaetophytes)
    • Order Coleochaetales
  • Subdivision Streptophytina
    • Class Charophyceae (same as the Smith system, 1938)
      • Order Charales (charophytes sensu stricto)
    • Class Embryophyceae (embryophytes)

Leliaert et al. 2012

• Streptophyta
  • charophytes
    • Mesostigmatophyceae
    • Chlorokybophyceae
    • Klebsormidiophyceae
    • Charophyceae
    • Zygnematophyceae
    • Coleochaetophyceae
  • Embryophyta (land plants)

Adl et al. 2012

• Archaeplastida Adl et al. 2005
  • Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)
    • Chlorophyta Pascher 1914, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004
    • Charophyta Migula 1897, emend. Karol et al. 2009 (Charophyceae Smith 1938, Mattox & Stewart 1984)
      • Chlorokybus Geitler 1942
      • Mesostigma Lauterborn 1894
      • Klebsormidiophyceae van den Hoek et al. 1995
      • Phragmoplastophyta Lecointre & Guyander 2006
        • Zygnematophyceae van den Hoek et al. 1995, emend. Hall et al. 2009
        • Coleochaetophyceae Jeffrey 1982
        • Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967
          • Charophyceae Smith 1938, emend. Karol et al. 2009 (Charales Lindley 1836; Charophytae Engler 1887)
          • Embryophyta Engler 1886, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004 (Cormophyta Endlicher 1836; Plantae Haeckel 1866)

References

1. Jeffrey C (1967). "The origin and differentiation of the Archegoniate land plants: A second contribution". Kew Bull. 21: 335–349. doi:10.2307/4108533.
2. Sluiman H. J. (1985). "A cladistic evaluation of the lower and higher green plants (Viridiplantae)". Plant Syst. Evol. 149: 217–232. doi:10.1007/bf00983308.
3. Green plants
4. Turmel M, Otis C, Lemieux C (2005). "The complete chloroplast DNA sequences of the charophycean green algae Staurastrum and Zygnema reveal that the chloroplast genome underwent extensive changes during the evolution of the Zygnematales". BMC Biol. 3: 22. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-3-22. PMC 1277820. PMID 16236178.
5. http://www.protisten.de/german/docs/Phylogeny_in_Streptophyta.pdf
6. Cavalier-Smith, T. (1993). The origin, losses and gains of chloroplasts. In: Origins of plastids (pp. 291-348). Springer US.

• Bremer, K. (1985) Summary of green plant phylogeny and classification. Cladistics 1:369-385.
• Lewis L.A, McCourt R.M. (2004). "Green algae and the origin of land plants". American Journal of Botany 91 (10): 1535–1556. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535. PMID 21652308.
• Adl, S.M.; Simpson, A.G.B.; Lane, C.E.; Lukeš, J.; Bass, D.; Bowser, S.S.; Brown, M.W.; Burki, F.; Dunthorn, M.; Hampl, V.; Heiss, A.; Hoppenrath, M.; Lara, E.; le Gall, L.; Lynn, D.H.; McManus, H.; Mitchell, E.A.D.; Mozley-Stanridge, S.E.; Parfrey, L.W.; Pawlowski, J.; Rueckert, S.; Shadwick, L.; Schoch, C.L.; Smirnov, A.; Spiegel, F.W. (2012), "The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes", Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–514, doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x, PMC 3483872, PMID 23020233

reproductive structure of Chara

External links

• The plant tree of life: an overview and some points of view
• The closest land plants relatives