Sukhoi Superjet 100

Superjet 100
A Superjet 100 flying off the coast of Italy near Sanremo
Role Regional twin-engine jet airliner
National origin Russia
Manufacturer Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association
Design group Sukhoi Civil Aircraft
First flight 19 May 2008[1][2]
Introduction 21 April 2011 with Armavia
Status In production, in service
Primary users Aeroflot
Interjet
Gazpromavia
Produced 2007–present[3]
Number built 104[4]
Program cost US$ 1.5 billion[5][6]
Unit cost
Base: US$ 35.4 million
LR: US$ 36.2 million[7]
US$ 27-28 million (2016)[8]
Cockpit

The Sukhoi Superjet 100, (Russian: Сухой Суперджет 100) is a modern fly-by-wire twin-engine regional jet with 8 (VIP)[9] to 108 (all economy) passenger seats.[10] With development initiated in 2000, the airliner was designed and spearheaded by Sukhoi, a division of the Russian civil aerospace company (UAC), in co-operation with several foreign partners. Its maiden flight was conducted on 19 May 2008. On 21 April 2011, the Superjet 100 undertook its first commercial passenger flight, on the Armavia route from Yerevan to Moscow.

Designed to compete internationally with its An-148, Embraer and Bombardier counterparts, the Superjet 100 claims substantially lower operating costs, at a lower purchase price of $35 million.

The final assembly of the Superjet 100 is done by Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association. Its SaM-146 engines are designed and produced by the French-Russian PowerJet joint venture and the aircraft is marketed internationally by the Italian-Russian SuperJet International joint venture.

Development

Development of the Sukhoi Superjet 100 began in 2000.[11] On 19 December 2002, Sukhoi Civil Aircraft and Boeing Commercial Airplanes signed a medium-term Cooperation Agreement to work together on the design. Boeing consultants had already been advising Sukhoi for a year.[12] On 10 October 2003, the technical board of the project selected the suppliers of major subsystems.[13] The project officially passed its third stage of development on 12 March 2004, meaning that Sukhoi could now start selling the Superjet 100 to customers.[14] On 13 November 2004, the Superjet 100 passed the fourth stage of development, implying that the Superjet 100 was now ready for commencing of prototype production.[15] In August 2005, a contract between the Russian government and Sukhoi was signed. Under the agreement, the Superjet 100 project would receive 7.9 billion rubles of research and development financing under the Federal Program titled Development of Civil Aviation in Russia in 2005–2009.[16]

Flight testing

On 28 January 2007, the first SSJ was transported by an Antonov 124 from Komsomolsk-on-Amur to the city of Zhukovsky near Moscow for ground tests.[17] A representative of Sukhoi Civil Aircraft announced on 13 November 2007, the completion of static tests necessary for conducting the first flight. The Superjet was unveiled at its official rollout at Komsomolsk-on-Amur Dzemgi Airport on 26 September 2007.[18]

Mostly blue aircraft on take off.
Superjet 100 prototype on its maiden flight.

In February 2008, initial test runs of the SaM146 engine were successful.[19] An Ilyushin Il-76 testbed, operated by the Gromov Flight Research Institute, was also used in the engine testing.[20] On 19 May 2008, the first test flight of the Superjet took place from Dzemgi airport, at the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association.[2]

On July 2008, testing continued successfully.[21] By October 2008, the first stage of Sukhoi Superjet 100's factory-based flight testing program was successfully completed. The second SSJ100 prototype had also been flown and the certification process was started.[22] In December 2008, the second of four SSJ100 prototypes SN95003 took to the skies.[23] The aircraft performed standard stability and handling quality tests as well as systems checks in accordance with the first flight assignment. Flight test engineers and pilots were pleased with the overall performance of the second prototype.[24]

The deliveries were first scheduled to begin in late 2008, and Sukhoi predicted that 3 units of all variations of the Superjet 100 would be delivered by the end of 2016.[25] On 7 July 2008, Sukhoi officially confirmed that the original schedule was too optimistic, and first deliveries would begin in December 2009.[26][27]

As of January 2009, the first two aircraft had completed over 80 flights, totaling around 2,300 hours in flight and ground tests.[28] On 1 April 2009, two Superjet 100 prototypes, 95001 and 95003, successfully completed the first long-distance flight for this aircraft, covering a distance of 3,000 kilometers from Novosibirsk to Moscow.[29] On 17 April 2009, EASA pilots performed the first test flights on the two prototypes. According to EASA pilot feedback, the aircraft was easy to fly.[30] On 26 July 2009, the third of four SSJ100 prototypes (SN95004) flew.[31]

At the Paris Air Show 2009, Malév Hungarian Airlines said that it would purchase 30 Superjets worth $1 billion, providing a welcome boost to sales as it made its international debut at the 2009 Paris Air Show.[32]

Sukhoi Superjet 100 at Tolmachevo (Novosibirsk) airport during test flights.

As of June 2009, 13 aircraft were under construction with the first four scheduled to be handed over to clients by the end of 2010. After 2012, the company will build 70 Superjets per year.[32] Armenian Armavia would receive the first two aircraft, followed by Aeroflot, which has ordered a total of 30 aircraft with an option for 15 more. Other customers include Russia's Avialeasing company, Swiss Ama Asset Management Advisor and Indonesian Kartika Airlines.[32]

On 29 December 2009, United Aircraft Corporation head Alexei Fyodorov said that deliveries of the Superjet 100 have been indefinitely delayed because the engines were not ready.[33] On 4 February 2010, the fourth prototype SSJ flew. Owing to delays in production of the engines, including quality problems at the NPO Saturn factory, it used the engines removed from the first prototype.[34] On 28 May 2010, all engine tests necessary for certification were completed. The final trial was a simulation of an encounter with a flock of birds.[35]

Flight management system (FMS) tests were completed on 19 November 2010. The FMS CMA-9000 was developed by Canada's Esterline CMC Electronics for the Thales avionics suite.[36]

Certification

One of the aircraft’s SaM146 turbofans

On 6 July 2010, Deputy Industry and Trade Minister Denis Manturov, who heads the commission to monitor the implementation of the Sukhoi Superjet program, wrote to Industry and Trade Minister Viktor Khristenko about the progress of the aircraft's certification in early June. Data from 28 May 2010 showed that the certification process was getting behind schedule with most of the problems related to the SaM146 engine, developed by PowerJet, which is a joint project between the Russian Saturn and the French Snecma. Work on its final design had been almost completed and certification was more than 90 percent completed, but problems remain, noted Manturov.[37]

In September 2010, the CEO of SuperJet International said that certification was expected in November 2010.[38] In October 2010, the Sukhoi Superjet 100 (SN95004) passed noise testing carried out under the auspices of Russian and European certification authorities (AR IAC and EASA respectively).[39] On 4 November 2010, the first production Superjet (SN95007) intended for Armavia was test flown.[40]

By November 2010, the SSJ test fleet had flown 2,245 hours during 948 flights.[41]

Cabin Emergency Evacuation Trainer on a motion platform

On 21 December 2010, Superjet 100 passed emergency evacuation and interrupted takeoff tests at Ramenskoye Airport near Zhukovsky, near Moscow, under the supervision of the Interstate Aviation Committee Aviation Register (AR IAC) and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The first test required 98 volunteers of different age groups and five crew members to evacuate the aircraft in 90 seconds during an simulated emergency landing. They made it in 73 seconds. The interrupted takeoff test probed the wheels, tires and brakes at maximum possible braking speed, without a thrust reverser.[42]

On 3 February 2011, the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC IR) granted a Type Certificate for Sukhoi Superjet 100.[43] The Type Certificate confirms compliance of the SSJ100 with the airworthiness regulations and it authorizes the commercial operation of the airliner.

On 3 February 2012, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) issued Type Certificate A-176 for the Sukhoi Superjet 100 (model RRJ-95B), confirming that the aircraft complies with the EASA airworthiness and environmental requirements. The certification also makes it possible for airlines operating in countries using EASA rules to accept and operate the aircraft. The extensive validation program included several dedicated flight and ground tests.[44]

Design

Requirements

In the Russian domestic market, the Sukhoi Superjet 100 (SSJ) is intended to replace the aging Tupolev Tu-134 and Yakovlev Yak-42 aircraft.[45] Internationally, the new Superjet 100 will compete against the Embraer E-Jets and the Bombardier CRJ programs. The SSJ aims for lower operating costs than its competitors for the price of $23–25 million.[46] According to Sukhoi, ongoing certification tests confirmed that the aircraft's direct operating costs are 6–8% lower than those of its key competitor, the Embraer 190/195.[47] In terms of total fuel burn per sector, the SSJ is on a par with the Antonov An-148 but can accommodate 22 more passengers.[47]

The aircraft's design meets the specific requirements of airlines in Russia, the CIS, the USA and the EU, and conforms to the Aviation Rules AP-25, FAR-25, JAR-25 requirements and to the ground noise level requirements under ICAO Chapter 4 and FAR 36 Section 4 standards entering into force during 2006. From the beginning, the SSJ has been designed to meet all Western aviation standards.[48]

The Superjet uses PowerJet SaM146 turbofan engines developed by PowerJet that provide 60 to 78 kilonewtons (13,000 to 18,000 lbf) of thrust.[49] The noise and emissions levels satisfy the existing ICAO requirements.

Industry participation

The joint-venture PowerJet produces the SaM146

The Superjet 100 has been described as the most important and successful civil aircraft program of the Russian aerospace industry.[50] It enjoys considerable support from the Russian Ministry of Industry and Trade, which regards it as a top priority project.[51] Excluding the SaM146 engine, development of the Superjet 100 cost about $1.4 billion, with 25% of this amount funded from the federal budget.[52] The Superjet 100 is the first new civil non-amphibious jet aircraft developed in post-Soviet Russia.[53]

Over 30 foreign partnership companies are involved in the project. Development, manufacturing and marketing of the aircraft's SaM146 jet engine is being done by the PowerJet company, a joint-venture between the French Snecma and Russia's NPO Saturn. SuperJet International, a joint venture between Alenia Aermacchi and Sukhoi is responsible for marketing in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Japan and Oceania.[50]

Assembly line for the SSJ100

The assembly line for all versions of the Superjet is located in the facilities of Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association (KnAAPO) in the Russian Far East, while Novosibirsk Aircraft Production Association (NAPO) focuses on component production. The two companies have been heavily investing in upgrading of their facilities and were expected to produce 70 airframes by 2012.[50]

List of companies

Orders, deliveries and operators

Overview

It is impossible to confirm the accuracy of the Superjet order backlog as the manufacturer does not provide up to date order information, and there have been no updates on many longstanding orders.[57] Orders and deliveries:[58]

Date Airline EIS
Orders Options Deliveries Operated Notes and references
7 December 2005 Russia Aeroflot 2011-2016 50[59] 10 36 26[60] Ten light versions with only two lavatories were replaced after one year with full version. Some of the ten were sold to Centre-South and Red Wings Airlines.[61]
17 January 2011 Mexico Interjet 2013- 30[62] 21 21 [63][64][65][66][67]
17 June 2009 Russia Gazpromavia 2013- 10 10 10 [68]
21 August 2009 Russia Yakutia Airlines 2012- 2 2 2 2 [69]
21 May 2010 Laos Lao Central Airlines 2012- 1 6 1 1 [70] One of 3 produced delivered[71][72] The other two have been taken up by the Russian Presidential Administration.[73]
21 June 2011 Indonesia Sky Aviation 2012–2015 12 0 3 0 Bankrupt, awaiting takeover[74]
20 December 2013 Russia Ministry of Internal Affairs 2014 1 Ex-Aeroflot RA-89003
27 August 2013 Russia Rosoboronexport 2013 1 1 1 [75] Operated by Centre-South. VIP config.
8 October 2014 Russia Red Wings Airlines 2015 5 Ex-Moskovia Airlines , & RA-89021[76][77]
17 June 2013 Russia Ilyushin Finance 20 0 0 0 Leasor[78]
Deliveries 2016.[79]
15 July 2008 Russia UTair Aviation (via Vnesheconombank) 2012–2014 24 16 0 0 6 were produced up to the end of 2014, payment difficulties have delayed delivery[80]
22 November 2005 Russia JSC Finance Leasing Company 2012- 10 0 0 0 Leasor, order status unknown
21 July 2010 Bermuda Pearl Aircraft Corporation[81] 2012- 30 15 0 0 Leasor, order status unknown[82][83]
2 September 2010 United States Willis Lease Finance 2012- 6 4 0 0 Leasor, order status unknown[84]
18 August 2011 India Aviotech TBD 10 10 order status unknown[85]
16–21 August 2011 Russia Yamal Airlines TBD 10 0 0 [86]
16–21 August 2011 Tajikistan Tajik Air TBD 2 2 0 0 [86]
9 October 2011 Switzerland Comlux 2014 2 2 1 1 [87]
23 May 2013 Bahrain Aerolease 4-5 0 0 0 Leasor[88]
27 August 2013 Russia Sberbank-leasing 20 0 0 0 Leasor[89]
28 August 2013 Lithuania AviaAM Leasing 5 0 0 0 Leasor[90][91]
14 July 2014 Kazakhstan Bek Air 2015–2016 7 0 0 0 [92][93]
8 September 2014 Russia Ministry of Emergency Situations 2016–2025 8 0 2 2 [94]
21 November 2014 Thailand Thai Air Force (for the Thai Government) 2014–2015 3 0 2 2 [95]
8 December 2014 Russia Russian Presidential Administration 2015 2 0 2 2 Both aircraft originally built for Lao Central Airlines (95030, 95037), not taken up and eventually delivered to the Presidential Administration instead[72]
25 August 2015 Russia Bural 2016–2018 15 0 0 The airline plans to lease 8 aircraft from Centre-South and AtlasJet [96]
25 August 2015 Russia Tuva Airlines[96] 2016–2018 10 0 0 Ordered in MAKS-2015
25 August 2015 Armenia Air Armenia[96] 2016–2018 4 0 0 Order cancelled
Armenia Aliance 2016-2017 6 0 0
25 August 2015 Russia Orenburzhye[96] 2016–2018 8 0 0 Ordered in MAKS-2015
29 September 2015 Greenland Greenland Express 2016-2018 5 0 0 0 Letter of Intent Signed[97][98]
8 October 2015 Republic of Ireland CityJet[96] 2016 21 10 0 0
4 December 2015 Mexico TBD TBD 30 0 0 0 Ambassador via Official TASS interview[99]
Total: 368 130 81 74
Former operators and cancelled orders
14 September 2007 Armenia Armavia 2011 1 + 1[100] 0 1 0 Airline went bankrupt, delivered aircraft in storage.[101][102]
5 December 2008 Indonesia Kartika Airlines 2012–2014 15 15 Airline went bankrupt.[103]
22 June 2011 Italy Blue Panorama Airlines 2013 8 4 Order cancelled.[104][105]
19 August 2011 Russia Kuban Airlines 2012 12 Airline went bankrupt.[106]
19 August 2011 Russia Moskovia Airlines 2013 1 2 1 0 Airline went bankrupt. 3 were operated. 1 was built for Armavia but delivered new to Moskovia. 2 were used ex Aeroflot aircraft.[107][108] 3 aircraft sold to Red Wings Airlines. Ex-Aeroflot craft RA-89001 & RA-89002.
21 June 2012 Russia Transaero Airlines 2015 6 10 0 0 Ceased operations on 26 October 2015[109]
2 March 2016 Belgium VLM Airlines 2016 2 10 0 0 Order cancelled

Customer timeline

The first Superjet 100 on display at Komsomolsk-on-Amur

Operational history

Inaugural flight by Armavia of the Superjet to Sheremetyevo International Airport on 21 April 2011.
SJ100 of customer Interjet.
SJ100 of customer Center-South.

The first production Sukhoi Superjet was delivered to Armavia on 19 April 2011. The handover ceremony was held at Zvartnots International Airport in Yerevan on the same day.[140] The aircraft was named "Yuri Gagarin", after the first man to venture into space almost exactly 50 years before.[141] Armavia planned to operate its Superjet 100 on flights between Yerevan, Sochi and Ukrainian cities,[140] including Odessa and Simferopol. The airline had expected to receive its second Superjet in June 2011.[129]

On 21 April 2011, the first commercial flight of Sukhoi Superjet 100 (SN 95007) by Armavia airline landed at Sheremetyevo International Airport, Moscow at 04:45 MSK (00:45 GMT), carrying 90 passengers from Zvartnots International Airport, Yerevan.[129][142][143] The flight took about 2 hours and 55 minutes.[129]

Armavia used the Airbus A319 on its Yerevan to Moscow (SVO) route and had a plan to switch to the Superjet 100.[129] In August 2012 Armavia announced that they had returned both of its SSJ-100s to the manufacturer.[144]

The president of United Aircraft Corporation and general director of Sukhoi Mikhail Pogosyan hailed the event as a key milestone for the Superjet 100 project, saying that it opened "a new stage of the program — the beginning of commercial operation and full-scale serial production."[142]

The aircraft was put into commercial operation within an unprecedented short time after delivery. For the first week of service the SSJ-100 accumulated 24 flights, flying to Moscow, Athens, Donetsk, Aleppo, Tehran, Tel Aviv and Astrakhan. On 1 May, the Superjet made its first regular flight to Venice (2800 km, approx 3:45-minute flight).[145]

In March 2012, the deputy chief engineer of the Department of Aviation and Technical Support of "Aeroflot" Constantine Mohniit revealed in the Russian daily newspaper Vedomosti, that Aeroflot was asking Sukhoi for compensation since the six Superjet 100s it operates are in the air only 3.9 hours/day on average instead of the standard 8 to 9 hours. Breakdowns "... were caused by failures due to technical problems and delayed delivery of parts."[146]

In February 2013, SCA stated in a press release that such problems are usual in newly operational and recently introduced airliners and minimized the claims.[147]

At the end of October 2013, Interjet confirmed outstanding results in terms of operations.[148] As of 31 October, the two Interjet SSJ100 have completed almost 600 flight hours, over 580 flight cycles during their commercial operations, with an average daily usage of 9.74 block hours, and a dispatch reliability of 99.03%.[149][150] Dispatch reliability of Interjet's fleet of seven SSJ100 increased to 99.7% as of June 2014.[151]

On 16 December 2012, Mikhail Baghdasarov, owner of bankrupt Armavia, stated that both of its ordered airplanes had been returned to Sukhoi Civil Aircraft company. He was also quoted as saying "that the SSJ-100 is not operated by the company anymore, Sukhoi Civil Aircraft has possession of the jet, and Armavia had decided not to receive any aircraft."[152] Armavia's website did not show that it is not operating Sukhoi Superjet 100s as of February 2013. However it ceased operations in March 2013[153]

On 12 September 2014 Interjet started regular passenger flights to the U.S. on the Monterrey, Mexico (MTY) – San Antonio, Texas (SAT) route.[154][155] The Mexican air carrier also currently operates the aircraft in scheduled service between Monterrey and Houston George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH).[156]

Variants

The three variants were originally called the RRJ-60, RRJ-75 and RRJ-95, with the numbers designating the average passenger capacity of each type. However, with the renaming of the project to Superjet 100 (or SSJ100 for short), the RRJ-75 was re-labelled the Superjet 100/75, while the RRJ-95 became known as the Superjet 100/95. The smallest variants were postponed, and efforts are currently concentrating on the Superjet 100/95. The Long Range variant is about to be certified, with a VIP-variant based on SSJ100/95LR to follow.

The original SSJ/100 did not fully meet customer needs, particularly Aeroflot. An upgraded "full" version was launched with Aeroflot in 2014, with Sukhoi taking back the 10 "light" versions originally delivered to Aeroflot. Some of these light version have since gone into service with other airlines.[157][158][159]

It is unlikely that the Superjet 100/75 will be developed, but stretched versions, seating 115 – 145 passengers (SuperJet Stretch and Superjet NG), are planned.[160][161]

Specifications

Cockpit of the Superjet 100
Nose section of the Superjet 100
Standard cabin seating of the Superjet 100
SSJ 100/95 SSJ 100/95LR
Cockpit crew 2
Seating capacity 108 (1-class, dense)
98 (1-class, standard)
87 (2-class, standard)
Seat pitch 30 in (1-class, dense), 32 in (1-class, standard) 36 & 32 in (2-class, standard)
Length 29.94 m (98 ft 3 in)
Wingspan 27.80 m (91 ft 2 in)
Height 10.28 m (33 ft 9 in)
Fuselage max diameter 3.35 m (11 ft 0 in)
Cabin width 3.236 m (127.4 in)
Cabin height 2.12 m (6 ft 11 in)
Aisle width 51 cm (20 in)
Seat width 46.5 cm (18.3 in)
Volume bins per passenger 0.07 m3 (2.5 cu ft)
Maximum take-off weight (MTOW) 45,880 kg (101,150 lb) 49,450 kg (109,020 lb)
Empty weight (OEW) 24,250 kg (53,460 lb) 25,100 kg (55,300 lb)
Maximum landing weight 41,000 kg (90,000 lb)
Maximum payload 12,245 kg (26,996 lb)
Maximum fuel capacity 13,135 L (10,600 kg or 23,370 lb)
Cargo capacity 21.97 m3 (776 cu ft)
Takeoff run at MTOW 1,731 m (5,679 ft) 2,052 m (6,732 ft)
Maximum flight altitude 12,500 m (41,000 ft)
Cruising speed Mach 0.78 (828 km/h/511 mph / 448knots at 12,200 m/40,000 ft)
Maximum cruise speed Mach 0.81 (870 km/h/ 541 mph / 469knots at 12,200 m/40,000 ft)
Range (full passenger payload) 3,048 km (1,894 mi) 4,578 km (2,845 mi)
Engine (x 2) PowerJet SaM146-1S17 PowerJet SaM146-1S18
Takeoff thrust (x 2) 76.84 kN (17,270 lbf) 79 kN (18,000 lbf)
Fan tip diameter 1.22 m (48 in)
Engine length 2.07 m (81 in)

Sources: SuperJet International.[162]

Accidents and incidents

97004, the aircraft involved in the accident, seen at Naypyidaw International Airport two days before the ill-fated flight in Indonesia

See also

Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
Related lists

References

Notes
  1. ↑ "Sukhoi Superjet-100" произвел свой первый полет Вести.Ru. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  2. 1 2 Zaitsev, Tom. "Superjet 100 makes maiden flight." Flight International, 19 June 2008.
  3. ↑ Guller, Christoph (15 December 2015). "SSJ-100 Production timeline". Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  4. ↑ "Sukhoi Superjet 100 – Production list and backlog". Superjet100.info. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  5. ↑ "SSJ-100 cost US$ 1.5 bln to create affirmed Mikhail Pogosian". ITAR-TASS News Agency. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  6. ↑ ""Сухой" потратил $1,5 млрд, чтобы научиться у Boeing строить пассажирские лайнеры". Forbes.ru. 10 May 2011.
  7. ↑ "Трансаэро купит шесть самолетов Сухой Суперджет 100". Avioport.ru. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
  8. ↑ Воробьев, Александр (2016-02-09). "Самолеты Sukhoi SuperJet подешевели почти в 2 раза" (in Russian). Ведомости. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
  9. ↑ "Comlux orders two Sukhoi Superjet 100 business jets". World Airline News. 10 October 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  10. ↑ SSJ100_Datasheet.pdf by SuperJet International
  11. ↑ "Sukhoi Superjet 100 Takes Off." Kommersant. 19 May 2008.
  12. ↑ "Sukhoi Superjet 100 Project History, 2002." Sukhoi. Retrieved 9 May 2012. Archived 11 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  13. ↑ "Sukhoi Superjet 100 Project History: October 2003." Sukhoi. Retrieved 9 May 2012. Archived 11 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  14. ↑ "12 March 2004, Moscow – Superjet 100 Program Third Stage Completion."Sukhoi. Retrieved 9 May 2012. Archived 11 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  15. ↑ "Sukhoi Civil Aircraft Company's Board of Directors has officially affirmed the decision on the successful completion of the Fourth Program Phase." Sukhoi. Retrieved 9 May 2012. Archived 11 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  16. ↑ "A Government Contract For Research And Development Program on the Superjet 100 Aircraft Is Signed." Sukhoi. Retrieved 9 May 2012. Archived 11 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  17. ↑ "Russia in force at Paris Air Show". Moscow Top News. 2010-05-07.
  18. ↑ "Russia unveils new passenger jet." Reuters. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  19. ↑ "Russian Superjet 100 makes first test flight." Russian News and Information Agency via rian.ru, 19 May 2008. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
  20. ↑ "News." Airliner World: 11.
  21. ↑ "First 13 flights." superjet100.com, July 2008. Retrieved 3 January 2010. Archived 15 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  22. ↑ "25 Hours in the Air." superjet100.com, October 2008. Retrieved 9 November 2010. Archived 15 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  23. ↑ "Second Sukhoi SuperJet 100 starts test flights." sukhoi.superjet100.com. Retrieved 3 January 2010. Archived 11 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  24. ↑ "Second prototype took to the skies." sukhoi.superjet100.com. Retrieved 3 January 2010. Archived 26 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
  25. ↑ Aviation Week & Space Technology, 29 October 2007, p. 66.
  26. ↑ "«Суперджет» задерживается" (Superjet delays) (in Russian). vremya.ru, 8 July 2008.
  27. ↑ "Russia Sukhoi sees Superjet delivery Q3 '09." Reuters. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  28. ↑ "Video: First two Superjet 100s in formation flight." Flight International. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  29. ↑ "Russia's Sukhoi Superjet-100 tested for long haul flight." mosnews.com. Retrieved 3 January 2010. Archived 27 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  30. ↑ van Leeuwen, Marcel. "EASA pilots perform familiarization flights on board Sukhoi Superjet 100." aviationnews.eu, 19 April 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  31. ↑ Potter, Matthew. "The Third Sukhoi Superjet 100 Joins the Flight Test Campaign." defenseprocurementnews.com, 28 July 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2010.
  32. 1 2 3 "Sukhoi Superjet 100." themoscowtimes.com. Retrieved 24 April 2010. Archived 19 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
  33. ↑ "Superjet 100 indefinitely delayed." themoscowtimes.com. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  34. ↑ Lake 2010, p. 59.
  35. ↑ "Superjet engines slice and dice birds." rt.com, 1 June 2010. Archived 13 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
  36. ↑ "Flight management system tests for Superjet 100 complete." RIA Novosti, 19 November 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
  37. ↑ Nepomnyashchy, Alexei and Alexei Nikolsky. "Sukhoi Superjet behind schedule." themoscowtimes.com, 6 July 2010. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
  38. ↑ Buyck, Cathy. "SuperJet SSJ100 on track for November certification." ATW Online, 29 September 2010. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
  39. ↑ McHale, John. "Sukhoi Superjet 100 passes noise testing program." Military & Aerospace Electronics, 14 October 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2010. Archived 14 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  40. ↑ "First Sukhoi Superjet 100 production aircraft flies for Armavia Airline." World Aeronautical Press Agency, 14 October 2010. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
  41. ↑ Zaitsev, Tom. "Superjet nears end of drawn-out certification campaign." Flight International via flightglobal.com, 11 November 2010. Retrieved 11 November 2010.
  42. ↑ "Russia's Superjet 100 moves closer to final certification." RIA Novosti, 21 December 2010. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
  43. ↑ "Superjet Receives Initial Type Certificate" Aviation Week, 3 February 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2011. Archived 8 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  44. ↑ "Sukhoi Superjet 100 gets Type Certificate from EASA." Superjet International.com, 3 February 2012.
  45. ↑ Russia unveils new passenger jet Reuters, 26 September 2007.
  46. ↑ "Sukhoi Superjet systems can make up for any pilot mistake; UAC chief." Russia Today, 20 April 2011.
  47. 1 2 "Regional aircraft for international market." Russia & CIS Observer, 19 July 2010.
  48. ↑ "Russian industry special: New start for Sukhoi." Flight International, 13 August 2007.
  49. ↑ "SaM146." powerjet.aero. Retrieved 8 September 2011. Archived 29 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  50. 1 2 3 Pyadushkin, Maxim. "Celebrating the 100th anniversary: The Sukhoi Superjet 100 makes its debut at Le Bourget." Russia & CIS Observer, Volume 2, Issue 25, 20 June 2009. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
  51. ↑ Pyadushkin, Maxim. "Right up there: Superjet 100 program needs more money to complete the certification." Russia & CIS Observer, Volume 4, Issue 27, 4 January 2009. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
  52. ↑ "New Orders but No Lift for Superjet." The Moscow Times, 27 July 2010.
  53. ↑ "Superjet-100 order book hikes by 50%." Russia Today, 16 June 2009.
  54. ↑ "Sukhoi Superjet 100." thalesgroup.com. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
  55. ↑ Liebherr-Aerospace and Sukhoi Civil Aircraft signed Superjet 100 contracts Archived 11 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  56. ↑ "Aeronautic systems : solar protections, cabin management, IFE systems and connectivity, video surveillance and composite – Vision Systems". Vision-systems-aero.fr. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
  57. ↑ "Sukhoi Superjet 100 Orders Update". superjetinternational.com. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  58. ↑ "Суперджет: заказы и заказчики - Sukhoi Superjet 100". Retrieved 5 August 2015.
  59. ↑ "Aeroflot commits to another 20 Superjets". Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
  60. ↑ "All Light SSJ100 of Aeroflot Replaced with the Full Version". Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  61. ↑ ГСС и авиакомпания "Аэрофлот" подписали Акт сдачи-приемки самолета SSJ-100 MSN 95016, Aviation Explorer, 3 April 2012, retrieved 13 May 2012
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Bibliography
  • Lake, Jon. "Russia's Regional Jet". Air International, Vol. 78, No. 5, May 2010, pp. 54–60. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. ISSN 0306-5634.

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