Sustainable Development Reserve

A Sustainable Development Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, RDS) in Brazil is a type of protected area inhabited by a traditional population that seeks to preserve nature while maintaining and improving the life of the population.

Background

The concept of Sustainable Development Reserves originated in the Projeto Mamirauá launched in the early 1990s by the Sociedade Civil Mamirauá. The project followed the principle of management based on scientific research and controlled use of natural resources. The local population participates actively in the planning process and in responsible for managing and monitoring the area. Key aspects are that the strategy can adapt to changes in the market, private property is maintained, plans are implemented to improve living conditions, and the local people partner with government agencies and NGOs to develop proposals for sustainable use.^[1]

The Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve was established in 1996, the first such reserve in Brazil.^[1] The adjacent Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve was established in 1998 after the successful implementation of the Mamirauá reserve, and was fully supported by the local people. They already recognized the importance of preserving the vegetation and animals that they depend upon for their livelihood.^[2] The new category of protected area was included in the National Protected Areas System (SNUG), which defined types of protected area of Brazil in 2000.^[1]

Structure

A Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS) holds traditional populations that live by sustainable exploitation of natural resources, developed over generations and adapted to the local ecology, and that protect nature and maintain biological diversity. The goals are to preserve nature while preserving and improving the quality of life of the traditional populations, and to advance scientific knowledge and understanding of traditional techniques for managing the environment.^[3]

The land in an RDS is in the public domain, and may be expropriated. Land use is regulated according to Law 9985 article 23 (2000) and in specific regulations. A board of directors is chaired by the administrative agency and includes representatives of public bodies, civil society organizations and traditional populations living in the area.^[3] A management plan is created by the administrative agency, which recognises the dynamic balance between conservation goals and the size of the population. Natural ecosystems may be exploited sustainably, and cultivation of introduced species is allowed, subject to the management plan. The plan defines areas where the ecology is fully protected, buffer zones, zones of sustainable use and ecological corridors. Public visits to the RDS are allowed and encouraged where compatible with local interests and the management plan. Scientific research and education with focus on conservation of nature are also encouraged.^[3]

Selected reserves

Conservation Unit	Level	Area (ha)	Created
Alcobaça	State	36,128	2002
Amanã	State	2,350,000	1998
Aripuanã	State	224,291	2005
Bararati	State	113,606	2005
Canumã	State	22,355	2005
Cujubim	State	2,450,380	2003
Igapó-Açu	State	397,557	2009
Itatupã-Baquiá	Federal	64,735	2005
Juma	State	589,611	2006
Mamirauá	State	1,124,000	1990
Matupiri	State	179,083	2009
Nascentes Geraizeiras	Federal	38,177	2014
Piagaçu-Purus	State	1,008,167	2003
Pucuruí-Ararão	State	29,049	2002
Puranga Conquista	State	76,936	2014
Rio Amapá	State	216,109	2005
Rio Iratapuru	State	806,184	1997
Rio Madeira	State	283,117	2006
Rio Negro	State	103,086	2008
Uacari	State	632,949	2005
Uatumã	State	424,430	2004

Notes

Sources

Luiz Claudio Marigo (January–February 1999), "Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã", AO (in Portuguese) (Rio de Janeiro) (87), retrieved 2016-05-05
Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentávelpublisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental (in Portuguese), retrieved 2016-05-04
Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (in Portuguese), Sociedade Civil Mamirauá, retrieved 2016-05-05

Protected areas of Brazil

Ecological stations	Aracuri Caracaraí Carijós Guaraqueçaba Iquê Jari Juami-Japurá Jutaí-Solimões Maracá Maracá-Jipioca Niquiá Pirapitinga Rio Acre Seridó Serra das Araras Taiamã Taim Tamoios Tupinambás Tupiniquins Uruçui-Una

Biological reserves	Abufari Andradina Atol das Rocas Augusto Banhados do Delta Canela Preta Carmo da Mata Colônia 31 de Março Comboios Córrego de Veado Córrego Grande Fazenda São Mateus Fontes do Ipiranga Guaporé Guaratiba Guaribas Gurupi Ibirapuitã Ilha do Cabo Frio Jaíba Jaru Lago Piratuba Lami José Lutzenberger Lapinha Marinha do Arvoredo Mata do Acauã Mata do Jambreiro Mata dos Ausentes Mata Paludosa Mogi-Guaçu Pedra Talhada Perobas Pindorama Poço das Antas Praia do Sul Biological Reserve Professor José Ângelo Rizzo Rio Trombetas Saltinho Santa Isabel Santa Rita São Camilo São Donato São Sebastião do Paraíso Serra Negra Sooretama Tamboré Tapirapé Tinguá Uatumã Una Vila Facchini

National parks	Abrolhos Alto Ribeira State and Tourist Park Amazônia Anavilhanas Aparados da Serra Araguaia Araucárias Brasília Cabo Orange Campos Gerais Caparaó Cavernas do Peruaçu Chapada das Mesas Chapada Diamantina Chapada dos Guimarães Chapada dos Veadeiros Emas Fernando de Noronha Furna Feia Grande Sertão Veredas Iguaçu Ilha Grande Itatiaia Jacupiranga Jaú Jericoacoara Jurubatiba Juruena Lençóis Maranhenses Monte Pascoal Monte Roraima Nascentes Pacaás Novos Pantanal Matogrossense Pau Brasil Pedra Azul Pico da Neblina Pontões Capixabas Lagoa do Peixe Saint-Hilaire São Joaquim Sempre Vivas Serra da Bocaina Serra da Bodoquena Serra da Canastra Serra da Capivara Serra da Cutia Serra de Itabaiana Serra da Mocidade Serra do Cipó Serra do Divisor Serra do Itajaí Serra do Pardo Serra dos Órgãos Serra Geral Sete Cidades Superagüi Terra Ronca Tijuca Tumucumaque Ubajara Vale do Catimbau Viruá Xingu

Wildlife refuges	Castanheiras Pied Tamarin Ilha dos Lobos

Environmental protection areas	Anhatomirim Barra do Rio Cairuçu Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe Carste Cavernas do Peruaçu Descoberto River Basin Fernando de Noronha Guaraqueçaba Ibirapuitã Igarapé Gelado Morro da Pedreira Petrópolis Piaçabuçu Guapimirim Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago São Bartolomeu River Basin Serra da Mantiqueira Serra de Tabatinga

Ecological reserves	Alcobaça Apiacás IBGE Raso

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