Tokyo subway

Networks

There are two primary subway operators in Tokyo:

Tokyo Metro – Formerly the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA), it was privatized in 2004. It currently operates 179 stations on nine lines and 195.1 kilometers (121.2 mi) of route.^[1]
Toei Subway – run by the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation, an agency of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. It operates 106 stations on four lines and 109.0 kilometers (67.7 mi) of route.^[2]

As of 2015, the combined subway network of the Tokyo and Toei metros comprises 285 stations and 13 lines covering a total system length of 304.1 kilometers (189.0 mi). The Tokyo Metro and Toei networks together carry a combined average of over eight million passengers daily.^[3] Despite being ranked first in worldwide subway usage, subways make up a small fraction of heavy rail rapid transit in Tokyo alone—only 274 out of 882 railway stations, as of 2007.^[4] The Tokyo subway at 8.7 million daily passengers only represents 22% of Tokyo's 40 million daily rail passengers (see Transport in Greater Tokyo).^[5] Other urban commuter rail systems include Keihin Electric Express Railway, Keio Corporation, Keisei Electric Railway, Odakyu Electric Railway, Seibu Railway, Tobu Railway and Tokyu Corporation.

Line color	Line number	Line	Japanese
Tokyo Metro
orange	Line 3	Ginza Line	銀座線
red	Line 4	Marunouchi Line	丸ノ内線
red	Line 4	Marunouchi Line Branch Line	丸ノ内線分岐線
silver	Line 2	Hibiya Line	日比谷線
sky blue	Line 5	Tōzai Line	東西線
green	Line 9	Chiyoda Line	千代田線
gold	Line 8	Yūrakuchō Line	有楽町線
purple	Line 11	Hanzōmon Line	半蔵門線
teal	Line 7	Namboku Line	南北線
brown	Line 13	Fukutoshin Line	副都心線
Toei Subway
rose	Line 1	Asakusa Line	浅草線
blue	Line 6	Mita Line	三田線
leaf green	Line 10	Shinjuku Line	新宿線
ruby	Line 12	Ōedo Line	大江戸線

In addition, but not formally designated as subways:

The Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit (TWR) operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations, and 200,200 daily passengers in 2010 ^[6]
The Saitama Rapid Railway Line, which is essentially an extension of the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line, operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations.
The Yamanote Line is not a subway line, but an above-ground commuter loop line which operates with metro-like frequencies. It is owned by JR East. It acts as a key transportation artery in central Tokyo, and is often marked on Tokyo subway maps.

The Yokohama Subway, (and the planned Kawasaki Subway) also operate in the Greater Tokyo Area, but they are not directly linked to the Tokyo subway network. However, on special occasions (typically holiday weekends), the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line and Namboku Line operate special Minato Mirai (みなとみらい号, Minatomirai-gō) direct through services onto Yokohama's Minatomirai Line via the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line railway.

History

The history of Tokyo Subway

1915: Japan's first underground railway opened under Tokyo Station. It was only for the railway post office, not for passengers.
1927: Tokyo Underground Railway Co., Ltd. (東京地下鉄道株式会社, Tōkyō Chika Tetsudō Kabushiki Gaisha) opened Japan's first underground line of the subway Ginza Line on December 30, 1927, and publicized as "the first underground railway in the Orient." The distance of the line was only 2.2 km between Ueno and Asakusa.
1938: Tokyo Rapid Transit Railway Co., Ltd. (東京高速鉄道株式会社, Tōkyō Kōsoku Tetsudō Kabushiki Gaisha) opened its subway system between Aoyama 6-chome (present-day Omotesando) and Toranomon.
1939: Tokyo Rapid Transit Railway extended its line from Toranomon to Shimbashi, and started an reciprocal operation with Tokyo Underground Railway.
1941: During World War II, the two subway companies merged under the name Teito Rapid Transit Authority (帝都高速度交通営団, Teito Kōsokudo Kōtsu Eidan) by the local government.
1954: The Marunouchi Line, the first subway line after World War II, opened between Ikebukuro and Ochanomizu.
1960: Toei Subway Line 1, present-day Toei Asakusa Line, opened between Oshiage and Asakusa.
1991: The Namboku Line opens.
1995: On March 20, the Tokyo Subway Sarin Attack occurred on the Marunouchi Line, Hibiya Line, and Chiyoda Line, during the morning rush hour. Over 5,000 people were injured and 13 people were killed. All three lines ceased operation the whole day.
2004: Teito Rapid Transit Authority was privatized and renamed Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd.
2008: The Fukutoshin Line opened.

System administration

Both Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway systems are closely integrated with a unified system of line colors, line codes, and station numbers. However, the separate administration of metro systems has some ramifications:

For single rides across Metro and Toei systems, a special transfer ticket is required. It costs 70 yen less than the sum of the Metro fare and the Toei fare, calculated based on the shortest possible route between the origin and destination stations.^[7] The Passnet system simplified such ticketing problems, by allowing one stored-fare card to be used on most of the rail operators in the Greater Tokyo Area (with the noticeable exception of JR East which continued to use its own Suica system). The new Pasmo system was introduced in 2007 and completely replaced the Passnet in 2008, finally allowing for one unified stored fare system for most of the Tokyo transit system, including JR East. The fare charged by the stored fare system is the same as for the users of paper tickets.
The systems represent the metro network differently in station, train, and customer information diagrams. For example, the Toei map represents the Toei Ōedo Line as a circle in the centre, whereas the Tokyo Metro's map saves the central ring line for the Marunouchi Line and the JR Yamanote Line. As well, each system's lines are generally rendered with thicker lines on their respective system maps.

Reciprocal operation

As is common with Japanese subway systems, many above-ground and underground lines in the Greater Tokyo Area operate through services with the Tokyo Metro and Toei lines. In a broader sense they are considered a part of the Tokyo subway network, allowing it to reach farther out into the suburbs.

Tokyo Metro 6000 series and Odakyu 60000 series MSE Romancecar EMUs at Yoyogi-Uehara

Tokyo Metro

	Line	Through Lines
H	Hibiya Line	Tobu Skytree Line and Tōbu Nikkō Line (Kita-Senju to Tōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen and Minami-Kurihashi)
T	Tōzai Line	JR East Chūō-Sōbu Line (Chūō Main Line) (Nakano to Mitaka)
		JR East Chūō-Sōbu Line (Sōbu Main Line) (Nishi-Funabashi to Tsudanuma)
		Toyo Rapid Line (Nishi-Funabashi to Tōyō-Katsutadai)
C	Chiyoda Line	Odakyu Odawara Line and Odakyu Tama Line (Yoyogi-Uehara to Karakida and Hon-Atsugi)
C	Chiyoda Line	JR East Jōban Line (Ayase to Toride)
Y	Yūrakuchō Line	Tōbu Tōjō Line (Wakōshi to Shinrinkōen)
Y	Yūrakuchō Line	Seibu Yūrakuchō Line via the Seibu Ikebukuro Line (Kotake-Mukaihara Station to Hannō)
Z	Hanzōmon Line	Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line (Shibuya to Chūō-Rinkan)
Z	Hanzōmon Line	Tobu Skytree Line, Tōbu Nikkō Line and Tobu Isesaki Line (Oshiage to Tōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen, Minami-Kurihashi and Kuki)
N	Namboku Line	Tokyu Meguro Line (Meguro to Hiyoshi)
N	Namboku Line	Saitama Rapid Railway Line (Akabane-Iwabuchi to Urawa-Misono)
F	Fukutoshin Line	Tobu and Seibu line (same stations served as the Yūrakuchō Line)
F	Fukutoshin Line	Minatomirai Line via Tōkyū Tōyoko Line (Shibuya to Motomachi-Chūkagai)

Toei Subway

	Line	Through Lines
A	Asakusa Line	Keikyu Kurihama Line and Keikyu Airport Line both via the Keikyu Main Line (Sengakuji to Haneda Airport (Tokyo International Airport) or Misakiguchi)
A	Asakusa Line	Keisei Oshiage Line, Keisei Main Line, Hokuso Railway Line, Keisei Higashi-Narita Line and Shibayama Railway Line (Oshiage to Narita Airport, Inba-Nihon-Idai or Shibayama-Chiyoda)
I	Mita Line	Tokyu Meguro Line (Meguro to Hiyoshi)
S	Shinjuku Line	Keio New Line and Keio Sagamihara Line both via the Keiō Line (Shinjuku to Hashimoto or Takaosanguchi)

Rolling stock

Main article: Tokyo subway rolling stock

1995 sarin attack

Main article: Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway

In 1995, Aum Shinri Kyo, a doomsday cult, attacked the subway system with sarin nerve gas at Kasumigaseki Station and a few others, leading to 13 deaths and over 5,000 people injured.

References

↑ "Corporate Information = Business Contents - Transportation Services - Business Situation". Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd. March 31, 2015. Retrieved 2016-01-17.
↑ 東京都交通局ホーム - 経営情報 - 交通局の概要 - 都営地下鉄 [Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation Home - Management Information - Overview of the Department of Transportation - Toei Subway] (in Japanese). 東京都交通局 [Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation]. April 1, 2015. Retrieved 2016-01-17.
↑ "Subways keep Tokyo on the move". Japan Today. Retrieved 2007-01-24.
↑ 【平成19年版】緯度経度付き全国沿線別駅データ - 地図センターネットショッピング (in Japanese).
↑ 平成17年大都市交通センサス第10回 [2005 Metropolitan transportation census (10th)] (PDF) (in Japanese). 国土交通省総合政策局交通計画課 [Land, Infrastructure and Transportation Ministry, Transport Policy Bureau]. March 30, 2007. Retrieved 2016-01-17.
↑ http://www.twr.co.jp/enterprise/gaiyou_h22_final_outline.pdf
↑ Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation. "Toei Subway Information - How to Ride the Subway". Retrieved 2008-06-25.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tokyo Subway.

Mass transit in the Greater Tokyo Area

JR East lines
passing through
Central Tokyo

Short-distance	■ Yamanote ■ Keihin-Tōhoku - Negishi ■ (Chūō-Sōbu) Local

Mid-distance	■ Utsunomiya (Tohoku Main) & Takasaki - ■ Tōkaidō ■ Ueno-Tōkyo ■ Chūō Rapid ■ Yokosuka - Sōbu Rapid ■ Jōban ■ Keiyō ■ Kawagoe (Eastern Section) - Saikyō (Akabane) - Rinkai ■ Shōnan-Shinjuku

Tokyo Metro lines

Toei subway lines

Yokohama Municipal

Blue
Green

JR East lines
in satellite cities
or suburbs

■ Yokohama
■ Musashino
■ Nambu
■ Sagami
■ Hachikō - Kawagoe (Western Section)
■ Ryōmō
■ Tsurumi
Tohoku Direction
- ■ Karasuyama
- ■ Nikkō
Chuo Direction
- ■ Chūō Main (mid-distance)
- ■ Itsukaichi
- ■ Ōme
Sobu Direction
- ■ Sōbu Main
- ■ Sotobō
- ■ Uchibō
- ■ Kururi
- ■ Tōgane
Joban Direction
- ■ Mito
- ■ Narita
Tokaido Direction
- ■ Itō
- ■ Gotemba (JR Central)

Keikyu

Keikyū Main
- Airport
- Daishi
- Kurihama
- Zushi

Keio

Keiō
- Keiō New
- Dōbutsuen
- Keibajō
- Sagamihara
- Takao
Inokashira

Keisei

Odakyu

Seibu

Ikebukuro lines
- ■ Ikebukuro
- ■ Sayama
- ■ Seibu Chichibu
- ■ Seibu Yūrakuchō
- ■ Toshima

Shinjuku lines
- ■ Shinjuku
- ■ Haijima
- Kokubunji
- Seibu-en
- Tamagawa
- Tamako

Sotetsu

Sotetsu Main
- Izumino

Tobu

Tokyu

Other commuter
rail lines

Monorails and
light transit

Monorails	Chiba Monorail Disney Resort Shōnan Monorail Tama Monorail Tokyo Monorail

People movers	New Shuttle Kanazawa Seaside Nippori-Toneri Seibu Yamaguchi Yūkarigaoka Yurikamome

Trams	Enoden Setagaya Arakawa

Hinterland

Cable cars and
aerial tramways

Bus

Public ferries

Major terminals

Rail
- Akihabara
- Chiba
- Hachiōji
- Ikebukuro
- Kita-Senju
- Mito
- Odawara
- Ōmiya
- Ōtemachi
- Shibuya
- Shinagawa
- Shinjuku
- Tachikawa
- Tokyo
- Ueno
- Yokohama
Airports
- Haneda
- Narita
- Chofu
- Ibaraki
Heliports
- Tokyo Heliport
- Camp Zama
Ports
- Yokohama
- Tokyo

Miscellaneous

Construction projects

Sōtetsu JR Link Line

Japan transit: Tokyo
Osaka
Nagoya
Fukuoka
Hakone Fuji Izu
Hokkaido
Toyama
Okayama
Shikoku
Sendai
Hiroden
Metro systems
Shinkansen
trams (list)
aerial lifts (list)

Rapid transit in Japan

Public	Sapporo Sendai Toei (Tokyo) Kawasaki (planned) Yokohama Nagoya Kyoto Osaka Kobe Fukuoka

Private	Saitama Rapid Railway Line (Tokyo) Tokyo Metro Rinkai Line (Tokyo) Minatomirai 21 Line (Yokohama) Kōbe Rapid Transit Railway Astram Line (Hiroshima)

Japan transit: Tokyo Osaka Nagoya Fukuoka Hakone Fuji Izu Hokkaido Toyama Okayama Shikoku Sendai Hiroden Metro systems Shinkansen trams (list) aerial lifts (list)

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