Tucanoan languages

Tukánoan
Geographic distribution:	Amazon
Linguistic classification:	One of the world's primary language families
Subdivisions:	Eastern Western Cubeo Miriti
Glottolog:	tuca1253[1]
East Tukano (nuclear green), Central Tukano (turquoise green) and West Tukano (dark green). Spots indicates actual locations of different tukano languages, shadowed area intended extension before 20th century.

Tucanoan (also Tukanoan, Tukánoan) is a language family of Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.

Family division

There are two dozen Tucanoan languages:

• Western Tucanoan^[2]
  • Correguaje (AKA Coreguaje, Caquetá, Korewahe, Koreguaje)
  • ?Tama (†)
  • Napo
    • Orejón (AKA Coto, Payoguaje, Payaguá, Koto, Payowahe, Payawá, M`áíhɨ̃ki)
    • Siona–Secoya (Upper Napo)
      • ?Macaguaje (AKA Kakawahe, Piohé) (†)
      • Siona (Siona, Sioni, Pioje, Pioche-Sioni, Tetete)
      • Secoya (Piohé, Secoya, Siona-Secoya)
• Central Tucanoan
  • Cubeo (AKA Cuveo, Kobeua, Kubewa)
  • Tanimuca (AKA Retuarã)
• Eastern Tucanoan
  • South
    • Macuna (AKA Buhagana, Wahana, Makuna-Erulia, Makuna)
    • Barasana (AKA Paneroa, Eduria, Edulia, Comematsa, Janera, Taibano, Taiwaeno, Taiwano)
  • Central
    • ?Yupuá-Duriña (†)
    • Desano–Siriano (AKA Desano)
    • Bara: Waimajã–Yurutí–Tuyuka (AKA Pocanga, Pakang, Tejuca, Teyuka, Tuyuca, Bara)
    • Tatuyo–Pisamira–Carapano (AKA Carapana, Karapana)
  • North
    • Tucano (AKA Tukana, Dasea)
    • Guanano (AKA Wanana, Wanano, Kotedia, Kotiria, Wanana-Pirá)
    • Piratapuyo (AKA Waikina, Uiquina)
• ?Miriti (†)
• ?Cueretú (AKA Kueretú) (†)
• ?Yauna (AKA Jaúna, Yahuna, Yaúna) (†)

Most languages are, or were, spoken in Colombia.

References

1. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Tukanoan". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
2. Thiago Chacon (2012)

Bibliography

• Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
• Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70414-3.
• Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.

External links

• Proel: Familia Tucanoana