UGT1A9
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UGT1A9 gene.[1][2][3][4]
Function
This gene encodes a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme of the glucuronidation pathway that transforms small lipophilic molecules, such as steroids, bilirubin, hormones, and drugs, into water-soluble, excretable metabolites. This gene is part of a complex locus that encodes several UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. The locus includes thirteen unique alternate first exons followed by four common exons. Four of the alternate first exons are considered pseudogenes. Each of the remaining nine 5′ exons may be spliced to the four common exons, resulting in nine proteins with different N-termini and identical C-termini. Each first exon encodes the substrate binding site, and is regulated by its own promoter. The enzyme encoded by this gene is active on phenols.[4]
Interactive pathway map
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1]
Irinotecan Pathway edit
- ↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "IrinotecanPathway_WP46359".
References
- ↑ Wooster R, Sutherland L, Ebner T, Clarke D, Da Cruz e Silva O, Burchell B (September 1991). "Cloning and stable expression of a new member of the human liver phenol/bilirubin: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNA family". Biochem. J. 278 (2): 465–9. PMC 1151367. PMID 1910331.
- ↑ Mackenzie PI, Owens IS, Burchell B, Bock KW, Bairoch A, Belanger A, Fournel-Gigleux S, Green M, Hum DW, Iyanagi T, Lancet D, Louisot P, Magdalou J, Chowdhury JR, Ritter JK, Schachter H, Tephly TR, Tipton KF, Nebert DW (Oct 1997). "The UDP glycosyltransferase gene superfamily: recommended nomenclature update based on evolutionary divergence". Pharmacogenetics 7 (4): 255–69. doi:10.1097/00008571-199708000-00001. PMID 9295054.
- ↑ Ritter JK, Chen F, Sheen YY, Tran HM, Kimura S, Yeatman MT, Owens IS (Mar 1992). "A novel complex locus UGT1 encodes human bilirubin, phenol, and other UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isozymes with identical carboxyl termini". J Biol Chem 267 (5): 3257–61. PMID 1339448.
- 1 2 "Entrez Gene: UGT1A9 UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A9".
Further reading
- Innocenti F, Kroetz DL, Schuetz E, et al. (2009). "Comprehensive Pharmacogenetic Analysis of Irinotecan Neutropenia and Pharmacokinetics". J. Clin. Oncol. 27 (16): 2604–14. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.20.6300. PMC 2690389. PMID 19349540.
- Holmes MV, Shah T, Vickery C, et al. (2009). Luo Y, ed. "Fulfilling the Promise of Personalized Medicine? Systematic Review and Field Synopsis of Pharmacogenetic Studies". PLoS ONE 4 (12): e7960. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007960. PMC 2778625. PMID 19956635.
- Prausa SE, Fukuda T, Maseck D, et al. (2009). "UGT genotype may contribute to adverse events following medication with mycophenolate mofetil in pediatric kidney transplant recipients". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 85 (5): 495–500. doi:10.1038/clpt.2009.3. PMID 19225446.
- Ross CJ, Katzov-Eckert H, Dubé MP, et al. (2009). "Genetic variants in TPMT and COMT are associated with hearing loss in children receiving cisplatin chemotherapy". Nat. Genet. 41 (12): 1345–9. doi:10.1038/ng.478. PMID 19898482.
- Korprasertthaworn P, Udomuksorn W, Yoovathaworn K (2009). "Three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms of UGT1A9 in a Thai population". Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 24 (5): 482–5. doi:10.2133/dmpk.24.482. PMID 19881262.
- Nakajima M, Koga T, Sakai H, et al. (2010). "N-Glycosylation plays a role in protein folding of human UGT1A9". Biochem. Pharmacol. 79 (8): 1165–72. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2009.11.020. PMID 19951703.
- van Schaik RH, van Agteren M, de Fijter JW, et al. (2009). "UGT1A9 -275T>A/-2152C>T polymorphisms correlate with low MPA exposure and acute rejection in MMF/tacrolimus-treated kidney transplant patients". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 86 (3): 319–27. doi:10.1038/clpt.2009.83. PMID 19494809.
- Sanna S, Busonero F, Maschio A, et al. (2009). "Common variants in the SLCO1B3 locus are associated with bilirubin levels and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia". Hum. Mol. Genet. 18 (14): 2711–8. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddp203. PMC 2701337. PMID 19419973.
- King CD, Rios GR, Green MD, Tephly TR (2000). "UDP-glucuronosyltransferases". Curr. Drug Metab. 1 (2): 143–61. doi:10.2174/1389200003339171. PMID 11465080.
- Sánchez-Fructuoso AI, Maestro ML, Calvo N, et al. (2009). "The prevalence of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9) gene promoter region single-nucleotide polymorphisms T-275A and C-2152T and its influence on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in stable renal transplant patients". Transplant. Proc. 41 (6): 2313–6. doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.06.038. PMID 19715905.
- Chu XY, Liang Y, Cai X, et al. (2009). "Metabolism and renal elimination of gaboxadol in humans: role of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and transporters". Pharm. Res. 26 (2): 459–68. doi:10.1007/s11095-008-9799-5. PMID 19082692.
- Bock KW, Gschaidmeier H, Heel H, et al. (1999). "Functions and transcriptional regulation of PAH-inducible human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases". Drug Metab. Rev. 31 (2): 411–22. doi:10.1081/DMR-100101927. PMID 10335444.
- Saito Y, Sai K, Maekawa K, et al. (2009). "Close association of UGT1A9 IVS1+399C>T with UGT1A1*28, *6, or *60 haplotype and its apparent influence on 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) glucuronidation in Japanese". Drug Metab. Dispos. 37 (2): 272–6. doi:10.1124/dmd.108.024208. PMID 18981166.
- Tukey RH, Strassburg CP (2000). "Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease". Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 40: 581–616. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.40.1.581. PMID 10836148.
- Ménard V, Girard H, Harvey M, et al. (2009). "Analysis of inherited genetic variations at the UGT1 locus in the French-Canadian population". Hum. Mutat. 30 (4): 677–87. doi:10.1002/humu.20946. PMID 19204906.
- Cecchin E, Innocenti F, D'Andrea M, et al. (2009). "Predictive role of the UGT1A1, UGT1A7, and UGT1A9 genetic variants and their haplotypes on the outcome of metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan". J. Clin. Oncol. 27 (15): 2457–65. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.19.0314. PMID 19364970.
- Fujiwara R, Nakajima M, Yamamoto T, et al. (2009). "In silico and in vitro approaches to elucidate the thermal stability of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A9". Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 24 (3): 235–44. doi:10.2133/dmpk.24.235. PMID 19571435.
- Kadakol A, Ghosh SS, Sappal BS, et al. (2000). "Genetic lesions of bilirubin uridine-diphosphoglucuronate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) causing Crigler-Najjar and Gilbert syndromes: correlation of genotype to phenotype". Hum. Mutat. 16 (4): 297–306. doi:10.1002/1098-1004(200010)16:4<297::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-Z. PMID 11013440.
- Johnson AD, Kavousi M, Smith AV, et al. (2009). "Genome-wide association meta-analysis for total serum bilirubin levels". Hum. Mol. Genet. 18 (14): 2700–10. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddp202. PMC 2701336. PMID 19414484.
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