United States House of Representatives elections, 1794

August 24, 1794 - September 5, 1795^{[Note 1]}

All 105^{[Note 2]} seats to the United States House of Representatives 53 seats were needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Leader	Frederick Muhlenberg	Jonathan Dayton^[1]^{[Note 3]}
Party	Democratic-Republican	Federalist
Leader's seat	Pennsylvania-2nd	New Jersey-AL
Last election	54 seats	51 seats
Seats won	59^{[Note 4]}	47
Seat change	5	4

Results:

Federalist majority

Anti-Federalist majority

Even split

Speaker before election

Frederick Muhlenberg
Democratic-Republican

Elected Speaker

Jonathan Dayton
Federalist

Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 4th Congress were held on various dates in each state between August 25, 1794 (New Hampshire) and September 5, 1795 (Kentucky). The election was held during President George Washington's second term. The voters of Tennessee elected their first congressional representative (Andrew Jackson) on October 7, 1796.

In the second election for the House of Representatives with organized political parties, the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson, once again defeated the Federalist Party, led by Alexander Hamilton, and slightly increased their majority. These new wins by the Democratic-Republicans can mostly be attributed to the popularity of Jeffersonian ideas of agrarian democracy in the Western territories of the United States.

Election summaries

During this period, each state fixed its own date for a congressional general election. Elections took place both in the even-numbered year before and in the odd-numbered year when a Congress convened. In some states, the congressional delegation was not elected until after the legal start of the Congress (on the 4th day of March in the odd-numbered year).

One new seat was added during the 4th Congress upon the admission of Tennessee on June 1, 1796.^[2] Tennessee was not represented in the 1st session.

↓
59	47
Democratic-Republican	Federalist

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Democratic- Republican^{[Note 5]}	Federalist^{[Note 6]}
State	Type	Date	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Connecticut	At-large	September 15, 1794	7	0		7
Delaware	At-large	October 5, 1794	1	1	1	0	1
Georgia	At-large	October 6, 1794	2	2		0
Maryland	District (8)	October 6, 1794	8	4		4
Massachusetts	District (14)^{[Note 7]}	November 3, 1794^{[Note 8]}	14	4	1	10	1
New Hampshire	At-large	August 25, 1794^{[Note 9]}	4	1		3
New Jersey	At-large	December 30, 1794	5	0		5
New York	District (10)	December 12, 1794	10	6	3	4	3
Pennsylvania	District^{[Note 10]} (12^{[Note 11]})	October 14, 1794	13	9	1	4	1
Rhode Island	At-large	August 26, 1794	2	0		2
South Carolina	District (6)	October 14, 1794	6	4	1	2	1
Vermont	District (2)	December 30, 1794^{[Note 12]}	2	1	1	1	1
1795 elections
North Carolina	District (10)	February 13, 1795	10	9		1
Kentucky	District (2)	September 5, 1795	2	2		0
Virginia	District (19)	March 16, 1795	19	17	2	2	2
1796 election
Tennessee	At-large	October 7, 1796	1	1	1^{[Note 13]}	0
Total^{[Note 4]}			106	59 55.7%	5	47 44.3%	4

House seats

D-R			55.66%
Federalist			44.34%

Late elections to 3rd Congress

Non-voting delegates

On September 3, 1796, the 3rd Congress admitted the first Delegate after some debate. The individual elected, James White, represented voters in the Southwest Territory. He also served during the 4th Congress. The delegate was elected by the Territorial legislature.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Southwest Territory at-large	None (District created)			Non-partisan	James White 11 William Cocke 7

Complete returns

Tennessee elected its first representative in 1796 for this Congress.

Connecticut

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Connecticut At-Large 7 seats on a general ticket	James Hillhouse	Pro-Administration	1790	Re-elected	Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (F) 13.1% Uriah Tracy (F) 12.5% James Hillhouse (F) 12.4% Joshua Coit (F) 10.8% Roger Griswold (F) 10.2% Zephaniah Swift (F) 9.7% Chauncey Goodrich (F) 6.7% Nathaniel Smith^{[Note 14]} (F) 5.7% James Davenport^{[Note 14]} (F) 5.1% Samuel W. Dana^{[Note 14]} (F) 3.7% William Edmond (F) 3.4% John Allen (F) 2.5% John Treadwell (F) 2.3% David Daggett (F) 2.2%
	Amasa Learned	Pro-Administration	1790	Retired Federalist hold
	Joshua Coit	Pro-Administration	1792	Re-elected
	Jonathan Trumbull, Jr.	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected
	Jeremiah Wadsworth	Pro-Administration	1788	Retired Federalist hold
	Zephariah Swift	Pro-Administration	1792	Re-elected
	Uriah Tracy	Pro-Administration	1792	Re-elected

There were three subsequent vacancies in Connecticut's representation. The first occurred before the start of the 4th Congress when Trumbull was elected to the Senate and was filled by Nathaniel Smith. Then, on July 1, 1796, Hillhouse resigned, having also been elected to the Senate, and was replaced by James Davenport (F). The third occurred when Uriah Tracy resigned on October 13, 1796, having been elected to the Senate to replace Trumbull. Tracy, in turn, was replaced by Samuel W. Dana (F)

Delaware

Only two candidates are recorded for Delaware's congressional election in 1794, suggesting that the voting procedure in place for the first three Congresses for two candidates had been changed.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Delaware At-Large	Henry Latimer	Pro-Administration	1792	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	John Patten (DR) 51.3% Henry Latimer (F) 48.7%

Georgia

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Georgia At-Large 2 seats on a general ticket	Abraham Baldwin	Anti-Administration	1789	Re-elected	John Milledge (DR) 20.6% Abraham Baldwin (DR) 19.3% Thomas P. Carnes (DR) 16.0% Jacob B. Waldburber 15.9% James Sims 13.1% Francis Willis (DR) 10.6% Lachlan MacIntosh 4.0% James Adcock 0.5%
Georgia At-Large 2 seats on a general ticket	Thomas P. Carnes	Anti-Administration	1792	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold

Kentucky

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Kentucky 1 Known as the Southern district	Christopher Greenup	Anti-Administration	1792	Re-elected	Christopher Greenup^{[Note 15]} (DR)
Kentucky 2 Known as the Northern district	Alexander D. Orr	Anti-Administration	1792	Re-elected	Alexander D. Orr^{[Note 15]} (DR)

Maryland

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Maryland 1	George Dent	Pro-Administration	1792	Re-elected	George Dent (F) 67.6% Philip Key (F) 32.4%
Maryland 2	Incumbent John F. Mercer (A) resigned April 13, 1794			Democratic-Republican hold	Gabriel Duvall (DR) 69.5%^{[Note 16]} Richard A. Contee (F) 30.5%
Maryland 3	Uriah Forrest	Pro-Administration	1792	Retired Federalist hold	Jeremiah Crabb (F) 100%
Maryland 4	Thomas Sprigg	Anti-Administration	1792	Re-elected	Thomas Sprigg (DR) 61.4% Roger Nelson (F) 38.6%
Maryland 5	Samuel Smith	Anti-Administration	1792	Re-elected	Samuel Smith (DR)^{[Note 15]}
Maryland 6	Gabriel Christie	Anti-Administration	1792	Re-elected	Gabriel Christie (DR) 70.4% Robert Wright (F) 29.6%
Maryland 7	William Hindman	Pro-Administration	1792	Re-elected	William Hindman (F) 63.8% George Jackson (DR) 26.8% William Whitely (DR) 9.3%
Maryland 8	William V. Murray	Pro-Administration	1790	Re-elected	William V. Murray (F) 100%

Gabriel Duvall (DR) of the 2nd district resigned on March 28, 1796 to become Chief Justice of the Maryland General Court and was replaced in a special election by Richard Sprigg, Jr. (DR).

Jeremiah Crabb (F) of the 3rd district resigned on June 1, 1796 and was replaced in a special election by William Craik (F)

Massachusetts

Massachusetts redistricted between the 3rd and 4th Congress, dividing itself into 14 districts. The 12th-14th districts were in the District of Maine (the modern State of Maine). A majority was required for election. Additional ballots were required in five districts due to the majority requirement not being met on the first ballot.

District		Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
District		Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	First ballot	Second ballot	Third ballot	Fourth ballot
Massachusetts 1 Known as the 1st Western District		Theodore Sedgwick Redistricted from the 2nd district	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected	Theodore Sedgwick (F) 53.8% Thomson J. Skinner (DR) 46.2%
Massachusetts 2 Known as the 2nd Western District		William Lyman	Anti-Administration	1792	Re-elected	William Lyman (DR) 52.1% William Shepard (F) 47.9%
Massachusetts 3 Known as the 3rd Western District		None (District created)			New seat Federalist gain	Samuel Lyman (F) 65.5% Daniel Bigelow (DR) 34.5%
Massachusetts 4 Known as the 4th Western District		Dwight Foster Redistricted from the 2nd district	Pro-Administration	1792	Re-elected	Dwight Foster (F) 50.8% Levi Lincoln, Sr. (DR) 46.1% Samuel Blackburn 3.1%
Massachusetts 5 Known as the 1st Southern District		Peleg Coffin, Jr. Redistricts from the 3rd district	Pro-Administration	1792	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	Nathaniel Freeman, Jr. (DR) 70.0% Peleg Coffin, Jr. (F) 30.0%
Massachusetts 6 Known as the 2nd Southern District		None (District created)			New seat Federalist gain	John Reed, Sr. (F) 74.5% George Partridge 25.5%
Massachusetts 7 Known as the 3rd Southern District		David Cobb Redistricted from the at-large district	Pro-Administration	1792	Lost re-election Federalist hold	David Cobb (F) 42.3% George Leonard (F) 35.8% Phanuel Bishop (DR) 21.9%	David Cobb (F) 39.9% George Leonard (F) 39.9% Phanuel Bishop (DR) 20.2%	George Leonard (F) 48.9% David Cobb (F) 17.4% John Smith 13.7% Phanuel Bishop (DR) 12.5% Scattering 7.6%	George Leonard (F) 76.3% Elisha May 16.5% Phanuel Bishop (DR) 7.2%
Massachusetts 8 Known as the 1st Middle District		Fisher Ames Redistricted from the 1st district	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected	Fisher Ames (F) 56.6% Charles Jarvis (DR) 43.4%
Massachusetts 9 Known as the 2nd Middle District		Samuel Dexter Redistricted from the 1st district	Pro-Administration	1792	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	Samuel Dexter (F) 40.5% Elbridge Gerry (DR) 30.9% Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR) 28.6%	Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR) 49.4% Samuel Dexter (F) 48.8% Scattering 1.8%	Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR) 51.4% Samuel Dexter (F) 48.6%
Massachusetts 10 Known as the 3rd Middle District		Benjamin Goodhue Redistricted from the 1st district	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected	Benjamin Goodhue (F) 68.2% Samuel Holten (F^{[Note 17]}) 31.8%
Massachusetts 10 Known as the 3rd Middle District		Samuel Holten Redistricted from the 1st district	Anti-Administration	1792	Lost re-election Federalist gain
Massachusetts 11 Known as the 4th Middle District		None (District created)			New seat Federalist gain	Theophilus Bradbury (F) 43.5% Bailey Bartlett (F) 19.8% Josiah Smith (DR) 10.5% Stephen Cross 9.1% Theophilus Parsons 7.0% Scattering 10.1%	Theophilus Bradbury (F) 38.1% William Pearson 36.6% Bailey Bartlett (F) 25.3%	Theophilus Bradbury (F) 100%
District of Maine	Massachusetts 12 Known as the 1st Eastern District	Henry Dearborn Redistricted from the 4th district	Anti-Administration	1792	Re-elected	Henry Dearborn (DR) 64.1% John Bowman 35.9%
	Massachusetts 13 Known as the 2nd Eastern District	Peleg Wadsworth Redistricted from the 4th district	Pro-Administration	1792	Re-elected	Peleg Wadsworth (F) 44.1% William Widgery (DR) 33.4% Stephen Longfellow 10.0% Samuel Thompson 5.3% Scattering 7.3%	Peleg Wadsworth (F) 60.3% William Widgery (DR) 39.7%
	Massachusetts 14 Known as the 3rd Eastern District	George Thatcher Redistricted from the 4th district	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected	George Thatcher (F) 45.7% Nathaniel Wells 31.6% Ichabod Godwin 8.8% Joseph Tucker 6.4% Scattering 7.4%	George Thatcher (F) 68.4% Scattering 31.6%

Theodore Sedgwick (F) of the 1st district resigned upon being elected to the Senate and was replaced in a special election by Thomson J. Skinner (DR).

In the 9th district, a petition by various citizens of Massachusetts contested the election of Varnum. The Committee on Elections ruled in Varnum's favor and added "that the attempt to deprive him of his seat was rather the act of malevolence than a desire to promote the public good." On January 25, 1797, these words were stricken out and expressions of compliment to the sitting Member were substituted, and the report was agreed to.^[1]

Benjamin Goodhue (F) of the 10th district resigned upon being elected to the Senate and was replaced in a special election by Samuel Sewall (F).

New Hampshire

Under New Hampshire's electoral laws, a majority of voters (12.5% of votes) was required for election. Only three candidates achieved a majority, and so a run-off election was held for the fourth seat.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	First ballot	Second ballot
New Hampshire at-large 4 seats on a general ticket	Jeremiah Smith	Pro-Administration	1790	Re-elected	Jeremiah Smith (F) 20.5% John Samuel Sherburne (DR) 17.2% Nicholas Gilman (F) 13.0% Abiel Foster (F) 11.1% Paine Wingate (F) 8.1% Others 30.1%	Abiel Foster (F) 82.7% Paine Wingate (F) 17.3%
	John Samuel Sherburne	Anti-Administration	1792	Re-elected
	Nicholas Gilman	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected
	Paine Wingate	Pro-Administration	1792	Lost re-election Federalist hold

New Jersey

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
New Jersey At-Large 5 seats on a general ticket	Elias Boudinot	Pro-Administration	1789	Retired Federalist hold	Jonathan Dayton (F) 13.6% Aaron Kitchell^{[Note 16]} (F) 11.0% Thomas Henderson (F) 9.3% Isaac Smith (F) 7.9% Mark Thomson (F) 7.9% Thomas Sinnickson (F) 7.5% Joseph Bloomfield 6.6% John Beatty (F) 6.4% James Linn 6.3% Ebenezer Elmer 5.8% James Schureman (F) 4.1% Lambert Cadwalader (F) 4.0% Richard Smith 3.0% Charles Stewart 2.3% Jonathan Elmer (F) 2.1% John Harring 1.4% Robert Ogden 0.7% James F. Armstrong 0.2%
	Previous incumbent Abraham Clark (P) died September 15, 1794			Federalist hold
	Jonathan Dayton	Pro-Administration	1791	Re-elected
	Lambert Cadwalader	Pro-Administration	1789 1792	Federalist hold
	John Beatty	Pro-Administration	1792	Lost re-election Federalist hold

New York

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in New York, 1794

New York's districts were not numbered at the time, but were later numbered retroactively.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
New York 1	Thomas Tredwell	Anti-Administration	1791 (Special)	Ran for election in district 7 Democratic-Republican hold	Jonathan Nicoll Havens (DR) 38.6% Whitehead Cornwell (DR) 26.2% Samuel Jones (F) 23.4% John Smith (DR) 11.9%
New York 2	John Watts	Pro-Administration	1793	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	Edward Livingston (DR) 52.9% John Watts (F) 47.1%
New York 3	Philip Van Courtlandt	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	Philip Van Courtlandt (DR) 50.5% Richard Morris 49.5%
New York 4	Peter Van Gaasbeck	Pro-Administration	1793	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	John Hathorn (DR) 70.8% Conrad E. Elmendorf (F) 27.2% William Thompson (F) 1.9% Peter Gansevoort (DR) 0.1%
New York 5	Theodorus Bailey	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	Theodorus Bailey (F) 57.1% David Brooks (F) 42.9%
New York 6	Ezekiel Gilbert	Pro-Administration	1793	Re-elected	Ezekiel Gilbert (F) 57.6% John Bay (DR) 21.7% Matthew Adgate (DR) 20.7%
New York 7	John E. Van Alen	Pro-Administration	1793	Re-elected	John E. Van Alen (F) 78.8% Thomas Tredwell (DR) 21.2%^{[Note 18]}
New York 8	Henry Glen	Pro-Administration	1793	Re-elected	Henry Glen (F) 94.0% Abraham Yates (DR) 2.8% John Tayler (DR) 2.6% James Fairlie (DR) 0.6%
New York 9	James Gordon	Pro-Administration	1790	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	John Williams (DR) 48.4% Ebenezer Russel (F) 40.2% Alexander Webster (DR) 11.4%
New York 10	Vacant			Incumbent Silas Talbot (P) had resigned earlier to accept an appointment to the Navy Federalist hold	William Cooper (F) 55.9% John Winn (DR) 31.4% James Cochran (F) 11.8% Jonathan Fitch (DR) 0.9%

North Carolina

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
North Carolina 1	Joseph McDowell	Anti-Administration	1793	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	James Holland (DR)^{[Note 15]} Joseph McDowell (DR)
North Carolina 2	Matthew Locke	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	Matthew Locke (DR)^{[Note 15]}
North Carolina 3	Joseph Winston	Anti-Administration	1793	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Jesse Franklin (DR)^{[Note 15]} Joseph Winston (DR)
North Carolina 4	Alexander Mebane	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	Alexander Mebane (DR) 75.8% Samuel Benton (F) 19.5% Stephen Moore (F) 4.7%
North Carolina 5	Nathaniel Macon	Anti-Administration	1791	Re-elected	Nathaniel Macon (DR)^{[Note 15]}
North Carolina 6	James Gillespie	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	James Gillespie (DR)^{[Note 15]} William H. Hill (F)
North Carolina 7	William B. Grove	Pro-Administration	1791	Re-elected	William B. Grove (F)^{[Note 15]}
North Carolina 8	William J. Dawson	Anti-Administration	1793	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Dempsey Burges (DR)^{[Note 15]} John Baker (DR) Clement Hale (DR) David Stone (F) William J. Dawson (DR) Charles Johnson (F)
North Carolina 9	Thomas Blount	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	Thomas Blount (DR)^{[Note 15]} John Benford (F) Willis Alston (F)
North Carolina 10	Benjamin Williams	Anti-Administration	1793	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	Nathan Bryan (DR) 61.0% Benjamin Williams (F^{[Note 17]}) 29.6% David Witherspoon (F) 9.4%

There were two special elections in the 4th district. The first was held to fill a vacancy left by the death of Alexander Mebane (DR) on July 5, 1795, before the first meeting of the 4th Congress, which elected Absalom Tatom (DR). Tatom, in turn, resigned June 1, 1796 and a special election was held to fill that vacancy, won by William F. Strudwick (F)

Pennsylvania

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, 1794

Pennsylvania once again divided itself into districts instead of electing representatives at-large, as it had for the 3rd Congress. The state divided intself into 12 districts, one of which (the 4th) had two seats. Pennsylvania would continue to use one or more plural districts until 1842.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates^[3]
Pennsylvania 1	Thomas Fitzsimons Redistricted from the at-large district	Pro-Administration	1788	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	John Swanwick (DR) 51.2% Thomas Fitzsimons (F) 48.8%
Pennsylvania 2	Frederick Muhlenberg Redistricted from at-large district	Anti-Administration	1788	Re-elected	Frederick Muhlenberg (DR) 56.3% Samuel Miles (F) 43.7%
Pennsylvania 3	None (District created)			New seat Federalist gain	Richard Thomas (F) 68.2% Thomas Ross (DR) 31.8%
Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 2 seats	None (District created)			New seat Federalist gain	Samuel Sitgreaves (F) 36.2% John Richards (DR) 20.0% James Morris (DR) 20.2% Robert Lollar (DR) 13.1% Peter Muhlenberg (DR) 8.1% James Barclay 2.4%
Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 2 seats	Peter Muhlenberg Redistricted from the at-large district	Anti-Administration	1788 1792	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold
Pennsylvania 5	Daniel Hiester Redistricted from at-large district	Anti-Administration	1788	Re-elected	Daniel Hiester (DR) (unopposed)
Pennsylvania 6	None (District created)			New seat Democratic-Republican gain	Samuel Maclay (DR) 46.0% John A. Hanna (DR) 43.3% John Carson (F) 10.7%
Pennsylvania 7	John W. Kittera Redistricted from at-large district	Pro-Administration	1791	Re-elected	John W. Kittera (F) (unopposed)
Pennsylvania 8	Thomas Hartley Redistricted from at-large district	Pro-Administration	1788	re-elected	Thomas Hartley (F) (unopposed)
Pennsylvania 9	Andrew Gregg Redistricted from at-large district	Anti-Administration	1791	Re-elected	Andrew Gregg (DR)^{[Note 15]} James Wallace (F) William Irvine (DR)
Pennsylvania 9	William Irvine Redistricted from the at-large district	Anti-Administration	1792	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold
Pennsylvania 10	None (District created)			New seat Democratic-Republican gain	David Bard (DR) 52.9% James McLane (DR) 31.9% James Chambers (F) 15.2%
Pennsylvania 11	William Findley Redistricted from at-large district	Anti-Administration	1791	Re-elected	William Findley (DR) (unopposed)
Pennsylvania 12	Thomas Scott Redistricted from at-large district	Pro-Administration	1788 1792	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	Albert Gallatin (DR) 33.1% Thomas Scott (F) 27.7% Daniel Hamilton (DR) 16.2% Isaac Tichenor (F) 11.0% Hugh H. Brackenridge (DR?) 6.0% John Woods (F) 5.9%

The 2nd seat in the 4th district was disputed between John Richards and James Morris. The original returns showed Morris in 2nd place and Richards in a close 3rd place, but Richards disputed it, and the Governor of Pennsylvania only issued certification for Samuel Sitgreaves (F) leaving the other seat undecided. Morris died on July 10, 1795, before the House could act. The House Committee on Elections ruled in favor of Richards on January 10, 1798.

In the 5th district, Daniel Hiester (DR) resigned on July 1, 1796. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy which elected George Ege (F).

Rhode Island

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Rhode Island At-Large Seat A	Benjamin Bourne	Pro-Administration	1790	Re-elected	Benjamin Bourne (F) 62.3% Peleg Arnold (DR) 37.7%
Rhode Island At-Large Seat B	Francis Malbone	Pro-Administration	1792	Re-elected	Francis Malbone (F) 61.9% Joseph Stanton, Jr. (DR) 38.1%

Benjamin Bourne (F) resigned in 1796, and was replaced in a special election by Elisha Potter (F)

South Carolina

Electoral data are only available for the 1st and 5th district of South Carolina's 6 districts at the time of the elections of 1794.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 1	William L. Smith	Pro-Administration	1788	Re-elected	William L. Smith (F) 51.7% John Rutledge, Jr. (F) 37.3% Thomas Tucker 11.0%
South Carolina 2	John Hunter	Anti-Administration	1793	Ran for election in 5th district Democratic-Republican hold	Robert Barnwell^{[Note 15]}
South Carolina 3	Lemuel Benton	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	Lemuel Benton (DR)^{[Note 15]}
South Carolina 4	Richard Winn	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	Richard Winn (DR)^{[Note 15]}
South Carolina 5	Previous incumbent Alexander Gillon (A) died in office on October 6, 1794			Federalist gain	Robert Goodloe Harper^{[Note 16]} (F) 58.3% John Hunter^{[Note 19]} (DR) 41.7%
South Carolina 6	Andrew Pickens	Anti-Administration	1793	Democratic-Republican hold^{[Note 20]}	Samuel Earle (DR)^{[Note 15]}

Representative-elect Barnwell of the 2nd district declined to serve. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy, electing Wade Hampton (DR).

Vermont

Vermont's laws required a majority for election to Congress, with a second election to be held if the first did not return a majority. Run-off elections were required in both districts.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates^{[Note 21]}
District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	First ballot	Second ballot
Vermont 1 Known as the Western District	Israel Smith	Anti-Administration	1791	Re-elected	Matthew Lyon (DR) 41.7% Israel Smith (DR) 32.9% Isaac Tichenor (F) 9.9% Gideon Olin (DR) 8.7% Others 6.8%	Israel Smith (DR) 48.5% Matthew Lyon (DR) 48.0% Others 3.5%
Vermont 2 Known as the Eastern District	Nathaniel Niles	Anti-Administration	1791	Lost re-election Federalist gain	Nathaniel Niles (DR) 31.6% Daniel Buck (F) 21.2% Jonathan Hunt 11.0% Stephen Jacob 10.9% Lewis R. Morris (F) 8.3% Cornelius Lynde 4.7% Paul Brigham 3.3% Lot Hall 2.7% Elijah Robinson 1.3% Others 4.8%	Daniel Buck (F) 55.6% Nathaniel Niles (DR) 39.1% Jonathan Hunt 2.3% Stephen Jacob 1.8% 1.2%

In the 1st district, Lyon unsuccessfully contested Smith's election^[1]

Virginia

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Virginia 1	Robert Rutherford	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	Robert Rutherford (DR)^{[Note 15]} Daniel Morgan (F)
Virginia 2	Andrew Moore	Anti-Administration	1789	Re-elected	Andrew Moore (DR)^{[Note 15]}
Virginia 3	Joseph Neville	Anti-Administration	1793	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican hold	George Jackson (DR)^{[Note 15]} Joseph Neville (DR) Thomas Wilson John Skidmore
Virginia 4	Francis Preston	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	Francis Preston (DR)^{[Note 15]} Arthur Campbell
Virginia 5	George Hancock	Pro-Administration	1793	Re-elected	George Hancock (F)^{[Note 15]}
Virginia 6	Isaac Coles	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	Isaac Coles (DR)^{[Note 15]} Simon Crae MacMahon Matthew Clay (DR)
Virginia 7	Abraham B. Venable	Anti-Administration	1790	Re-elected	Abraham B. Venable (DR) 61.0% Thomas Woodson 19.8% Joseph Wyatt 18.9% Peter Johnson 0.2% William Wilson 0.1%
Virginia 8	Thomas Claiborne	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	Thomas Claiborne (DR)^{[Note 15]} Jesse Brown Samuel Hopkins Samuel Goode (DR) Sterling Edmunds
Virginia 9	William B. Giles	Anti-Administration	1790	Re-elected	William B. Giles (DR)^{[Note 15]}
Virginia 10	Carter B. Harrison	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	Carter B. Harrison (DR)^{[Note 15]}
Virginia 11	Josiah Parker	Pro-Administration	1789	Re-elected	Josiah Parker (F)^{[Note 15]} Robert Cowper
Virginia 12	John Page	Anti-Administration	1789	Re-elected	John Page (DR)^{[Note 15]}
Virginia 13	Samuel Griffin	Pro-Administration	1789	Retired Democratic-Republican gain	John Clopton (DR)^{[Note 15]} Burwell Bassett (DR) Miles Selden Meriwether Jones
Virginia 14	Francis Walker	Anti-Administration	1793	Retired Democratic-Republican hold	Samuel J. Cabell (DR)^{[Note 15]}
Virginia 15	James Madison, Jr.	Anti-Administration	1789	Re-elected	James Madison, Jr. (DR)^{[Note 15]}
Virginia 16	Anthony New	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	Anthony New (DR)^{[Note 15]}
Virginia 17	Richard Bland Lee	Pro-Administration	1789	Lost re-election Democratic-Republican gain	Richard Brent (DR)^{[Note 15]} Richard Bland Lee (P)
Virginia 18	John Nicholas	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	John Nicholas (DR)^{[Note 15]}
Virginia 19	John Heath	Anti-Administration	1793	Re-elected	John Heath (DR)^{[Note 15]}

In the 13th district, Burwell unsuccessfully contested Clopton's election^[1]

Notes

↑ Excluding states admitted during the 4th Congress
↑ 1 more seat was added by the admission of Tennessee after the start of this Congress
↑ Elected Speaker of the House
1 2 Including late elections
↑ Previously Anti-Administration
↑ Previously Pro-Administration
↑ Previously 4 plural districts + 1 at-large district
↑ Majority required for election, 3 additional ballots were required in 5 districts held January 17, March 23, and June 1, 1795
↑ Majority required for election, a run-off was required for the 4th seat held on December 8, 1794
↑ Changed from at-large method
↑ Includes 1 plural district
↑ Majority required for election, an additional ballot was required in both districts held on February 10, 1795
↑ New state
1 2 3 Elected in subsequent special election
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Source does not give numbers of votes or has incomplete data
1 2 3 Elected to fill vacancy in 3rd Congress
1 2 Changed parties
↑ Originally from district 1, Tredwell moved to district 7 and ran there
↑ 2nd district incumbent
↑ No information available in source on whether incumbent lost re-election or did not run
↑ Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed

References

Bibliography

"A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

United States House of Representatives elections

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