United States Senate special elections in New York, 1881

The 1881 United States Senate special election in New York was held from May 31 to July 22, 1881, by the New York State Legislature to elect two U.S. Senators (Class 1 and Class 3) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.

Background

The Republican boss, and leader of the Stalwart faction, Roscoe Conkling had been elected to a third term (Class 3) in January 1879. Thomas C. Platt had been elected on Conkling's advice in January 1881 and had just taken his seat (Class 1) on March 4.

On May 16, 1881, both U.S. Senators from New York resigned in protest against the distribution of federal patronage in New York by President James A. Garfield, a Half-Breed, without being consulted. The confrontation between the Stalwart and the Half-Breed (in the press now usually referred to as the "Administration men") factions of the Republican Party arose when the leader of the New Yorker Half-Breeds, President pro tempore of the State Senate William H. Robertson, was appointed Collector of the Port of New York, the highest paying federal office in New York. Conkling preferred that Collector Edwin Merritt continue on the post until his term would expire in 1882, and then give it to one of his Stalwart friends, but Garfield was set on showing his gratitude to Robertson who had been instrumental in Garfield's nomination at the 1880 Republican National Convention. On March 28, Conkling, Platt, Vice President Chester A. Arthur and Postmaster General Thomas L. James sent a letter to Garfield urging him to withdraw the nomination. Garfield resented this intrusion and did not budge. Conkling and Platt took exception to the fact that Robertson and the New York delegates to the National Convention had been pledged by the State Convention to vote for the nomination of former President Ulysses S. Grant, but had broken his pledge and orchestrated the nomination of another candidate.

Conkling and Platt then stood for re-election thus trying to rebuke the President and be vindicated by the State Legislature.

At the State election in November 1879, 25 Republicans and 7 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1880–1881) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1880, 81 Republicans and 47 Democrats were elected for the session of 1881 to the Assembly. The 104th New York State Legislature met from January 4 to July 23, 1881, at Albany, New York.

Nominations

Republican caucus

When the first surprise about the resignations subsided, a majority of the Republican State legislators were determined to be rid of Conkling. Intense canvassing followed, many names were speculated about as candidates, but it proved difficult to call a caucus, since no majority of legislators or of the caucus committee agreed.

A caucus of Republican State legislators was finally called by Speaker of the Assembly George H. Sharpe for May 30. Assemblyman Andrew S. Draper presided, and secretaries were appointed. Only 8 State senators and 27 assemblymen were present, and the caucus adjourned for lack of quorum until the next day, but nobody was nominated.

Democratic caucus

The caucus of the Democratic State legislators met on May 30, Assemblyman Michael C. Murphy, of New York City, presided. They nominated Ex-U.S. Senator Francis Kernan and State Senator John C. Jacobs, both on the first ballot.

**May 1881 Democratic caucus for United States Senator result**
Office	Candidate	First ballot	Office	Candidate	First ballot
U.S. Senator (Class 1)	Francis Kernan	34	U.S. Senator (Class 3)	John C. Jacobs	39
	Clarkson N. Potter	7		Abram S. Hewitt	8
	Rufus W. Peckham	5		Horatio Seymour	4
	Erastus Corning^[1]	3		Clarkson N. Potter	1
	Horatio Seymour	1

Election

On May 31, the legally prescribed day for the election, the Assembly and the State Senate took a ballot, but no candidate received a majority. On June 1, both Houses met in joint session, compared the result of the ballot, and finding that nobody had received a majority in either House, proceeded to a joint ballot^[2] in which nobody received a majority either. Afterwards, Stalwarts and Administration men met in separate conferences. The Stalwarts hung on to Conkling and Platt. At the Administration men's conference 61 State legislators were present and Chauncey M. Depew was the frontrunner for the long term (Class 1), but the anti-Conkling men were split into a handful of factions, unable to compromise. From June 2 on, joint ballots were taken every day, Monday through Saturday at noon.

After almost three weeks of deadlock, it was believed that Governor Cornell would consider the votes cast for State Senator Jacobs as void,^[3] and to accept as elected any Republican candidate who would receive a simple majority of a quorum, meaning that if at least 81 votes were cast for all candidates except Jacobs, the frontrunner would be elected with 42. On this day, 155 legislators present, and 52 voting for Jacobs, somebody could claim to be elected with a vote of 52, and get his credentials issued by the governor. Thus, when Ex-Vice President Wheeler had received 50 votes in the 23rd ballot, State Senator Charles A. Fowler (Dem., 14th D.) withdrew Jacobs's name before the end of the roll call, and the Democratic members who had voted already (the roll was called in alphabetical order of surnames, first Senate, then Assembly) asked to change their votes, which was granted by Lt. Gov. George G. Hoskins.

After Jacobs's withdrawal during the 23rd ballot, a Democratic caucus was held in the afternoon of June 22, Assemblyman Michael C. Murphy presided. Ex-Congressman Clarkson N. Potter was nominated after an informal ballot, in which votes were scattered about 11 candidates, and a formal ballot in which Potter received a majority.

After a month of deadlock and 31 ballots, Thomas C. Platt withdrew from the contest on July 1, and most of the Platt men then switched to Richard Crowley. On the morning of the next day, President Garfield was shot and the news arrived in Albany just before the State Legislature met for the 33rd ballot.

On July 6, after the 37th ballot, the Anti-Conkling men met in conference. 59 legislators attended, and State Senator Dennis McCarthy presided. No agreement was reached, and a call was issued for a new conference to be held the next day. On July 7, after the 39th ballot, the Anti-Conkling conference was attended by 65 legislators, and a call for a regular Republican caucus was signed by 59 of them. On July 8, after the 41st ballot, a regular Republican caucus finally met. 64 legislators answered to the first roll call, and Thomas G. Alvord was chosen Chairman. Since the Stalwarts were not attending, it was agreed that nominations were to be made with a minimum vote of 54, a majority of the total 106 Republican legislators. The frontrunner to succeed Platt (Class 1 seat), Chauncey M. Depew, withdrew from the contest for the sake of party unity, and the caucus instead nominated Congressman Warner Miller on the fifth ballot (First ballot: Miller 27, William A. Wheeler 22, Sherman S. Rogers 9, Noah Davis 2, Alonzo B. Cornell 2, William M. Evarts 2, Richard Crowley 1, Roscoe Conkling 1, Henry E. Temain 1; Second ballot: Miller 28, Wheeler 28, Rogers 10; Third ballot: similar to second; Fourth ballot: Miller 32 then withdrawal of Rogers, then many changes, then withdrawal of Wheeler; Fifth ballot: Miller unanimously). Then they nominated on the second ballot Congressman Elbridge G. Lapham to succeed Conkling (First ballot: Lapham 38, Cornell 12, Tremain 10, Crowley 5, James W. Wadsworth 1; Second ballot: Most votes for Lapham, then some changes, then a re-call of the roll, and finally unanimously). The Conkling men however refused to accept the caucus nominations and continued to vote for Conkling, and now for Wheeler instead of Crowley to succeed Platt. On July 11, after the 43rd ballot, the Stalwarts demanded a new caucus but the Chairman of the State Senate Caucus Committee Dennis McCarthy refused to issue a call.

On July 16, after seven weeks of deadlock, Warner Miller was elected on the 48th ballot to succeed Platt. Conkling held out for another week. On July 22, after the 55th ballot, the Republican legislators met in conference. 76 legislators attended, State Senator Dennis McCarthy presided, and this conference issued the call for a caucus to meet at 3 p.m. The caucus was attended by Stalwarts and Administration men, all Republican legislators who had voted on the previous ballot being present. They nominated Elbridge G. Lapham on the first ballot (vote: Lapham 61, Conkling 28, Stewart L. Woodford 1, William M. Evarts 1), and the nomination was then "made unanimous." At 5 p.m. another ballot, the 56th and last, was taken by the State Legislature, and Lapham was elected to succeed Conkling.

Result, Class 1

**1881 United States Senator (Class 1) special election result**
Candidate	Party	Senate May 31	Assembly May 31	Joint ballot June 1	2nd joint ballot June 2	3rd joint ballot June 2	4th joint ballot June 3	5th joint ballot June 4	6th joint ballot June 6	7th joint ballot June 7	8th joint ballot June 8	9th joint ballot June 9
Francis Kernan	Democrat	7	47	53	53	53	51	31	26	46	51	50
Thomas C. Platt	Republican	8	21	29	28	28	30	26	23	28	29	29
Chauncey M. Depew	Republican	7	14	25	28	30	30	23	21	42	51	53
Alonzo B. Cornell	Republican		12	11	11	13	13	8	9	14	10	8
Elbridge G. Lapham	Republican	2	6	8	8	9	2	2	4	4	4	3
Charles J. Folger	Republican		6	5	3	4	3	3	3	4	4	4
Warner Miller	Republican	2	3	8	8	1	10	8	9
William M. Evarts	Republican		5	3	1
Richard Crowley	Republican		3	4	4	4	3	3	3	4	4	5
Noah Davis	Republican	2		2
James W. Wadsworth	Republican		2	2	2	2
Henry E. Tremain^[4]	Republican		2	1		1	3	3		2	1	1
Levi P. Morton	Republican		2	1
Sherman S. Rogers	Republican	1	1	1		1
Joseph H. Choate	Republican	1	1
William A. Wheeler	Republican	1					1	1		1
George H. Sharpe	Republican	1
John M. Francis	Republican		1
Theodore M. Pomeroy	Republican		1
Hamilton Ward, Sr.	Republican			3	3	4	2
Silas B. Dutcher	Republican			2	2	2	2	2
Joshua M. Van Cott	Republican				1	1	1	1	1
David Rumsey	Republican				1	1
George B. Sloan	Republican				1
David Wilber	Republican					1
Reuben E. Fenton	Republican							1	1	1
Benjamin F. Tracy	Republican										1

**1881 United States Senator (Class 1) special election result**
Candidate	Party	10th joint ballot June 10	11th joint ballot June 10	12th joint ballot June 11	13th joint ballot June 13	14th joint ballot June 14	15th joint ballot June 15	16th joint ballot June 16	17th joint ballot June 17	18th joint ballot June 18	19th joint ballot June 20
Chauncey M. Depew	Republican	54	54	38	36	55	54	54	53	44	37
Francis Kernan	Democrat	48	48	29	27	51	50	52	48	34	25
Thomas C. Platt	Republican	28	28	22	21	26	27	27	23	17	21
Alonzo B. Cornell	Republican	9	9	7	6	10	10	12	10	5	6
Richard Crowley	Republican	4	4	2	3	4	3	5	5	3	3
Charles J. Folger	Republican	3	3	3	3	3	3	2			1
Elbridge G. Lapham	Republican	3	2	2	2	2	1	1	1	1
Benjamin F. Tracy	Republican						1	1
Sherman S. Rogers	Republican						1
William A. Wheeler	Republican							1	2	1

**1881 United States Senator (Class 1) special election result**
Candidate	Party	20th joint ballot June 21	21st joint ballot June 21	22nd joint ballot June 22	23rd joint ballot June 22	24th joint ballot June 23	25th joint ballot June 23	26th joint ballot June 24	27th joint ballot June 25	28th joint ballot June 27	29th joint ballot June 28
Chauncey M. Depew	Republican	52	50	52	50	53	52	45	34	35	50
Francis Kernan	Democrat	51	51	53	53	53	53	45	31	32	49
Thomas C. Platt	Republican	27	27	26	25	27	27	27	20	21	27
Alonzo B. Cornell	Republican	11	9	8	8	8	7	7	5	4	9
Richard Crowley	Republican	6	5	7	8	8	6	5	4	5	6
William A. Wheeler	Republican	3	4	3	2	1					1
Henry E. Tremain	Republican	1	1	1	1	5	1	1	1		1
William B. Bliss^[5]	Republican	1	1	1	1
Charles J. Folger	Republican	1	1
Elbridge G. Lapham	Republican		1	3	4	4	3	3	2	1	3
Sherman S. Rogers	Republican			1
George G. Hoskins	Republican						5	4		3	1

**1881 United States Senator (Class 1) special election result**
Candidate	Party	30th joint ballot June 29	31st joint ballot June 30	32nd joint ballot July 1	33rd joint ballot July 2	34th joint ballot July 4	35th joint ballot July 5	36th joint ballot July 5	37th joint ballot July 6	38th joint ballot July 7	39th joint ballot July 7	40th joint ballot July 8	41st joint ballot July 8
Francis Kernan	Democrat	52	53	48	31	24	47	47	53	51	52	50	50
Chauncey M. Depew	Republican	50	51	48	35	32	48	48	53	51	49	51	51
Thomas C. Platt	Republican	28	28	2	1	1	1	1
Alonzo B. Cornell	Republican	9	11	15	10	11	15	15	18	18	17	20	19
Richard Crowley	Republican	7	7	20	9	10	19	19	19	18	18	18	18
Elbridge G. Lapham	Republican	2	2	1	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
William A. Wheeler	Republican	1	1				2	2	2	2	2	1	1
Henry E. Tremain	Republican	1	1		1		1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Orlow W. Chapman	Republican			4	1		3	3	4	4	4	4	4
Charles North^[6]	Republican			1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Charles H. Adams	Republican			1		1
Charles Daniels	Republican			1			1	1	1	1	1	1	1
James Talcott^[7]	Republican				2								1
Hamilton Fish	Republican				1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Joshua M. Van Cott	Republican					1
William M. Evarts	Republican						1	1	1	1	1	1	1

**1881 United States Senator (Class 1) special election result**
Candidate	Party	42nd joint ballot July 9	43rd joint ballot July 11	44th joint ballot July 12	45th joint ballot July 13	46th joint ballot July 14	47th joint ballot July 15	48th joint ballot July 16
Warner Miller	Republican	68	61	70	71	73	74	76
Francis Kernan	Democrat	50	48	52	51	54	53	47
William A. Wheeler	Republican	19	18	21	23	12	7	4
Sherman S. Rogers	Republican	4	3
Charles H. Adams	Republican	3	2	2	1	2	2	1
Orlow W. Chapman	Republican	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
John H. Starin	Republican	1	1	1	1	1	2	2
William B. Bliss	Republican	1		1		1	1	1
Alonzo B. Cornell	Republican	1
Hamilton Fish	Republican		2	2	2	7	11	9
William M. Evarts	Republican		1	1	1	2	1
Charles Daniels	Republican			3	2	3	3	1
Asa W. Tenney	Republican						1	1
James Talcott	Republican							1

Result, Class 3

**1881 United States Senator (Class 3) special election result**
Candidate	Party	Senate May 31	Assembly May 31	Joint ballot June 1	2nd joint ballot June 2	3rd joint ballot June 2	4th joint ballot June 3	5th joint ballot June 4	6th joint ballot June 6	7th joint ballot June 7	8th joint ballot June 8	9th joint ballot June 9
John C. Jacobs	Democrat	6	47	52	52	52	49	30	25	45	50	49
Roscoe Conkling	Republican	9	26	35	34	33	34	30	26	34	34	34
William A. Wheeler	Republican	4	15	22	19	17	17	13	14	22	21	23
Sherman S. Rogers	Republican	5	8	15	14	14	14	13	13	15	15	14
Alonzo B. Cornell	Republican	3	6	10	21	23	19	18	16	15	19	16
Richard Crowley	Republican		5	3	2	2	3	2		1	1
Charles J. Folger	Republican	2	2	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2
Theodore M. Pomeroy	Republican	2	1	3	1
Henry E. Tremain	Republican		2	3	3	2			1	4	2	3
William M. Evarts	Republican		2	2
Thomas G. Alvord	Republican		2	2
James W. Wadsworth	Republican		2	1
Andrew D. White	Republican		2	1
Reuben E. Fenton	Republican		1	3	2	4	2
Samuel S. Edick	Republican		1	1	1	2
George B. Bradley	Democrat	1		1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Hamilton Fish	Republican		1	1	1	1
Orlow W. Chapman	Republican		1	1	1
Silas B. Dutcher	Republican		1		1		1				1	1
Hamilton Ward, Sr.	Republican		1
Warner Miller	Republican		1
Elbridge G. Lapham	Republican				1	1	7	4	3	8	9	9
Henry Ward Beecher							1
William B. Woodin	Republican						1
Hamilton Harris	Republican										1	1

**1881 United States Senator (Class 3) special election result**
Candidate	Party	10th joint ballot June 10	11th joint ballot June 10	12th joint ballot June 11	13th joint ballot June 13	14th joint ballot June 14	15th joint ballot June 15	16th joint ballot June 16	17th joint ballot June 17	18th joint ballot June 18	19th joint ballot June 20
John C. Jacobs	Democrat	47	47	29	26	50	49	51	47	34	24
Roscoe Conkling	Republican	33	33	23	24	31	31	32	27	20	23
William A. Wheeler	Republican	20	21	19	16	23	25	38	36	29	24
Alonzo B. Cornell	Republican	15	12	8	8	9	10	11	8	5	3
Sherman S. Rogers	Republican	18	16	14	12	21	18	1
Elbridge G. Lapham	Republican	8	11	7	6	8	10	12	16	13	16
Henry E. Tremain	Republican	4	4	4	4	3	3	3	3	1
Charles J. Folger	Republican	2	2	1	2	2	2	3	3	1	1
George B. Bradley	Democrat	1	1		1	1	1	1	1		1
Hamilton Harris	Republican	1	1
James M. Marvin	Republican					2
Richard Crowley	Republican					1	2	4	1	2	1

**1881 United States Senator (Class 3) special election result**
Candidate	Party	20th joint ballot June 21	21st joint ballot June 21	22nd joint ballot June 22	23rd joint ballot June 22	24th joint ballot June 23	25th joint ballot June 23	26th joint ballot June 24	27th joint ballot June 25	28th joint ballot June 27	29th joint ballot June 28
John C. Jacobs	Democrat	50	50	52	12
William A. Wheeler	Republican	38	35	40	50	50	50	45	32	32	42
Roscoe Conkling	Republican	33	32	32	32	32	32	30	22	24	31
Elbridge G. Lapham	Republican	25	25	26	16	17	17	13	10	8	17
Alonzo B. Cornell	Republican	3	1	2	2	1		1	1	2	3
Charles J. Folger	Republican	2	2	1	1	1	1	1			1
Richard Crowley	Republican	1	3							1	2
George B. Bradley	Democrat	1	1	1	3
Henry E. Tremain	Republican		1
Sherman S. Rogers	Republican			1							1
Clarkson N. Potter	Democrat				7	53	53	44	34	31	49
Rufus W. Peckham	Democrat				4
Abram S. Hewitt	Democrat				3
John Kelly	Democrat				3
Horatio Seymour	Democrat				3
Amasa J. Parker	Democrat				2
Archibald M. Bliss	Democrat				2
Samuel S. Cox	Democrat				2
Erastus Corning	Democrat				2
Charles Daniels	Republican				1
Samuel J. Tilden	Democrat				1
John T. Hoffman	Democrat				1
Henry W. Slocum	Democrat				1
William R. Grace	Democrat				1
Theodoric R. Westbrook	Democrat				1
Jonathan Scoville	Democrat				1
Miles Beach	Democrat				1
H. O. Thompson	Democrat				1
William C. Kingsley	Democrat				1
Samuel D. Babcock	Democrat				1
George G. Hoskins	Republican					1	2	2		2
John Roach	Republican							1	1	1	1

**1881 United States Senator (Class 3) special election result**
Candidate	Party	30th joint ballot June 29	31st joint ballot June 30	32nd joint ballot July 1	33rd joint ballot July 2	34th joint ballot July 4	35th joint ballot July 5	36th joint ballot July 5	37th joint ballot July 6	38th joint ballot July 7	39th joint ballot July 7	40th joint ballot July 8	41st joint ballot July 8	42nd joint ballot July 9
Clarkson N. Potter	Democrat	52	53	48	31	27	47	47	53	51	52	50	50	50
William A. Wheeler	Republican	41	43	38	26	22	36	36	42	43	43	38	42	1
Roscoe Conkling	Republican	32	32	28	20	16	31	31	32	31	30	32	32	31
Elbridge G. Lapham	Republican	18	17	13	7	6	9	9	11	11	11	12	12	67
Alonzo B. Cornell	Republican	3	2	6	5	6	8	8	6	5	3	8	5
Sherman S. Rogers	Republican	1	4	4	1		3	3	4	5	5	6	6
Charles J. Folger	Republican	1	1	1			1	1	1			1	1
George G. Hoskins	Republican	1	1			1
Richard Crowley	Republican	1		2	3	4	6	6	6	4	4	3	2
Orlow W. Chapman	Republican				1	1
Edwin W. Stoughton	Republican					1

**1881 United States Senator (Class 3) special election result**
Candidate	Party	43rd joint ballot July 11	44th joint ballot July 12	45th joint ballot July 13	46th joint ballot July 14	47th joint ballot July 15	48th joint ballot July 16	49th joint ballot July 18	50th joint ballot July 18	51st joint ballot July 19	52nd joint ballot July 20	53rd joint ballot July 20	54th joint ballot July 21	55th joint ballot July 22	56th joint ballot July 22
Lapham	Republican	60	68	69	70	70	68	54	54	68	72	72	67	63	92
Potter	Democrat	48	52	52	54	53	47	34	34	45	49	49	45	40	42
Conkling	Republican	28	32	32	32	32	29	27	27	28	28	28	28	28
Fish	Republican	1	1	1
Cornell	Republican	1
Woodford	Republican		1	1	1	1				1	1	1	1	1
Evarts	Republican		1			1	1	1	1

Aftermath

Lapham and Miller took their seats on October 11, 1881, and served single terms. Lapham remained in office until March 3, 1885; Miller until March 3, 1887. Conkling's political career effectively ended after this episode, the second longest deadlock in New York State legislative history.^[8] Platt returned to the U.S. Senate in 1897, and served two terms until 1909.

Notes

↑ Erastus Corning (1827-1897), of Albany, son of Erastus Corning (1794-1872)
↑ The U.S. Constitution, referring to the Senate elections, had been amended since the last time when no candidate had a majority in either House, in 1839; previously in case of no choice by either House no joint ballot could be taken.
↑ The eligibility of members of the State Legislature was still controversial, although State Senator Nathaniel P. Tallmadge was elected in 1833, and Lt. Gov. Henry R. Selden had ruled in 1857 that the ineligibility clause of the New York State Constitution was not in accordance with the dispositions of the United States Constitution when votes were cast for State Senator Daniel E. Sickles.
↑ Gen. Henry Edwin Tremain (1840-1910), lawyer, Columbia Law School graduate 1867
↑ William B. Bliss, of Rome, Oneida County judge 1875-80, Oneida County Surrogate 1884-1889
↑ Charles North, Mayor of Oswego 1868, assemblyman 1878
↑ James Talcott (1835-1916), of New York City, merchant and philanthropist, Obit in NYT on August 22, 1916
↑ The deadlock lasted 53 days (Lapham) and 47 days (Miller). In 1911 it took 74 days and 63 joint ballots to elect a U.S. Senator.

Sources

Members of the 47th United States Congress
SENSATION IN POLITICS; SENATORS CONKLING AND PLATT RESIGN in NYT on May 17, 1881
CONKLING'S CAUSE LOST; ONLY THIRTY-FIVE MEN INDUCED TO ATTEND A CAUCUS in NYT on May 31, 1881
THE DEMOCRATS IN CAUCUS.; THE EMPTY COMPLIMENT OF NOMINATION GIVEN TO JOHN C. JACOBS AND FRANCIS KERNAN in NYT on May 31, 1881
NAMING THE CANDIDATES in NYT on June 1, 1881
CONKLING'S FEW FRIENDS.; FIRMNESS OF BOTH SIDES IN THE SENATORIAL FIGHT in NYT on June 2, 1881
CONKLING LOSING GROUND; HIS VOTE DECREASED, HIS OPPONENTS CONCENTRATING in NYT on June 3, 1881
MR. CONKLING'S CONTEST; THE RESULT OF THE BALLOT TAKEN YESTERDAY in NYT on June 4, 1881
VOTING TO NO PURPOSE in NYT on June 5, 1881
THE DEAD-LOCK AT ALBANY; NO APPEARANCE OF A CONCENTRATION AGAINST CONKLING in NYT on June 7, 1881
THE SEVENTH BALLOT.;...MR. DEPEW'S GREAT GAINS in NYT on June 8, 1881
FEATURES OF THE BALLOT.; ..DEPEW'S VOTE INCREASED TO 51 in NYT on June 9, 1881
THE NINTH BALLOT.; MR. DEPEW'S VOTE INCREASED in NYT on June 10, 1881
DEPEW'S STRENGTH INCREASED.; RESULT OF TWO MORE BALLOTS in NYT on June 11, 1881
THE TWELFTH JOINT BALLOT in NYT on June 12, 1881
THE THIRTEENTH BALLOT in NYT on June 14, 1881
THE FOURTEENTH BALLOT in NYT on June 15, 1881
CONKLING'S SELFISHNESS; THE EX-SENATOR DETERMINED ON THE RULE OR RUIN POLICY in NYT on June 16, 1881
THE SIXTEENTH BALLOT.; MR. WHEELER AHEAD OF CONKLING in NYT on June 17, 1881
THE SEVENTEENTH BALLOT in NYT on June 18, 1881
THE EIGHTEENTH BALLOT.; DEPEW WANTING NINE VOTES OF ELECTION in NYT on June 19, 1881
THE NINETEENTH BALLOT in NYT on June 21, 1881
TWO MORE BALLOTS TAKEN in NYT on June 22, 1881
SURPRISES IN THE VOTING.; RUNNING UP THE WHEELER VOTE.; THE DEMOCRATS SCARED AND JACOBS WITHDRAWN in NYT on June 23, 1881
THE DEMOCRATS' NEW CANDIDATE in NYT on June 23, 1881
TWO MORE BALLOTS in NYT on June 24, 1881
THE TWENTY-SIXTH BALLOT in NYT on June 25, 1881
THE TWENTY-SEVENTH BALLOT in NYT on June 26, 1881
ANOTHER LIGHT BALLOT in NYT on June 28, 1881
THE JOINT ASSEMBLY'S WORK in NYT on June 29, 1881
THE THIRTIETH BALLOT in NYT on June 30, 1881
THE THIRTY-FIRST BALLOT in NYT on July 1, 1881
A SURPRISE AT ALBANY; SUDDEN WITHDRAWAL OF PLATT FROM THE CONTEST in NYT on July 2, 1882
STILL VOTING FOR SENATORS.; A FALLING OFF IN THE THIRTY-THIRD BALLOT in NYT on July 3, 1881
NO CHOICE YET OF SENATORS in NYT on July 5, 1881
TWO MORE BALLOTS.; THE VOTING IN EACH PRECISELY ALIKE in NYT on July 6, 1881 [giving wrong numbers of ballots "36th" and "37th" in the summary, correct was 35th and 36th]
THE THIRTY-SEVENTH BALLOT in NYT on July 7, 1881
NO AGREEMENT REACHED in NYT on July 7, 1881
TWO BALLOTS ADDED TO THE LIST in NYT on July 8, 1881
A CAUCUS AGREED UPON; SIXTY-TWO REPUBLICANS SIGN THE CALL in NYT on July 8, 1881
THE BALLOTING YESTERDAY in NYT on July 9, 1881
THE CHOICE OF A CAUCUS; WARNER MILLER AND E.G. LAPHAM NOMINATED in NYT on July 9, 1881
REPUDIATING THE CAUCUS; THE LAME EXCUSES OF CONKLING'S FOLLOWERS in NYT on July 10, 1881
THE FORTY-THIRD BALLOT in NYT on July 12, 1881
REQUESTING A NEW CAUCUS; THE STALWARTS FEARING A BREAK IN THEIR RANKS in NYT on July 12, 1881
ANOTHER FRUITLESS BALLOT in NYT on July 13, 1881
FEW CHANGES IN THE BALLOTING in NYT on July 14, 1881
THE FORTY-SIXTH BALLOT in NYT on July 15, 1881
ANOTHER BALLOT AND NO CHOICE in NYT on July 16, 1881
CONKLING'S RANKS BROKEN; ELECTION OF WARNER MILLER TO SUCCEED PLATT in NYT on July 17, 1881
TWO FRUITLESS BALLOTS.; LAPHAM WITHIN FIVE VOTES OF AN ELECTION in NYT on July 19, 1881
STILL STICKING TO CONKLING in NYT on July 20, 1881
THE UNBROKEN DEAD-LOCK in NYT on July 21, 1881
THE FIFTY-FOURTH BALLOT in NYT on July 22, 1881
ROSCOE CONKLING BEATEN; ELDRIDGE G. LAPHAM ELECTED HIS SUCCESSOR in NYT on July 23, 1881

Elections in New York

General	1844 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1900 1902 1903 1904 1906 1907 1908 1910 1912 1913 1914 1916 1917 1918 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1926 1927 1928 1930 1932 1933 1934 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1942 1943 1944 1946 1949 1950 1952 1953 1954 1956 1958 1959 1960 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1972 1973 1974 1976 1980 1988 1992 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

NY State Senate	2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

NY State Assembly	2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

NY Governor	1777 1780 1783 1786 1789 1792 1795 1798 1801 1804 1807 1810 1811 1813 1816 1817 1820 1822 1824 1826 1828 1830 1832 1834 1836 1838 1840 1842 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

NY Attorney General	1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

NY Comptroller	1998 2002 2006 2010 2014

NY Judicial	1847 S 1870 S 1959 1960 1969

U.S. President	1872 1876 1880 1884 1888 1892 1896 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016

U.S. Senate	Class 1: 1789 1791 1797 1798 S1 1798 S2 1800 S1 1803 1804 S2 1809 1815 1821 1827 1829 S 1833 1839–40 1845 1851 1857 1863 1869 1875 1881 1881 S 1887 1893 1899 1905 1911 1916 1922 1928 1934 1938 S 1940 1946 1952 1958 1964 1970 1976 1982 1988 1994 2000 2006 2010 S 2012 Class 3: 1789 1795 1796 S 1800 S2 1801 1802 S 1804 S1 1807 1813 1819–20 1825–26 1831 1833 S 1837 1843 1845 S 1849 1855 1861 1867 1873 1879 1881 S 1885 1891 1897 1903 1909 1914 1920 1926 1932 1938 1944 1949 S 1950 1956 1962 1968 1974 1980 1986 1992 1998 2004 2010 2016

U.S. House	1789 1790 1793 1794 1796 1798 1800 1802 1804 1806 1808 1810 1812 1814 1816 1818 1821 1822 1824 1826 1828 1830 1832 1834 1836 1838 1840 1842 1844 1846 1848 1850 1852 1854 1856 1858 1860 1862 1864 1866 1868 1870 1872 1874 1876 1878 1880 1882 1884 1886 1888 1890 1892 1894 1896 1898 1900 1902 1904 1906 1908 1910 1912 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 (6th S) 2000 2002 2004 2006 (13th, 20th, 29th) 2008 (19th, 20th, 25th, 26th, 29th) 2009 (20th S, 23rd S) 2010 (29th) 2011 (9th S, 26th S) 2012 2014 2016 Special

'S,' 'S1,' and 'S2' denote special election See also: Political party strength in New York

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