Waterford

This article is about the oldest city in Ireland. For other uses, see Waterford (disambiguation).
Waterford
Port Láirge

From top, left to right: Waterford Marina, Holy Trinity Cathedral, Reginald's Tower, a piece of Waterford Crystal, Waterford City by night.

Coat of arms
Motto: Urbs Intacta Manet Waterfordia  (Latin)
"Waterford remains the untaken city"
Waterford
Coordinates: 52°15′24″N 7°7′45″W / 52.25667°N 7.12917°W / 52.25667; -7.12917Coordinates: 52°15′24″N 7°7′45″W / 52.25667°N 7.12917°W / 52.25667; -7.12917
Country Ireland
Province Munster
County Waterford
Founded 914 A.D.
Government
 • Type City and County Council
 • Mayor of Waterford John Cummins
Area
 • City 41.58 km2 (16.05 sq mi)
Population (2011)[1]
 • City 115,000
 • Density 2,800/km2 (7,200/sq mi)
 • Urban 51,519
 • Metro 68,000
Demonym(s) Waterfordian, Déisean
Time zone WET (UTC0)
 • Summer (DST) IST (UTC+1)
Area code(s) (051)
Vehicle index
mark code		 W
Website www.waterfordcouncil.ie

Waterford (from Old Norse Veðrafjǫrðr, meaning "ram (wether) fjord"; Irish: Port Láirge, meaning "Lárag's port")[2] is a city in Ireland. It is in the South-East of Ireland and is part of the province of Munster. The city is situated at the head of Waterford Harbour. It is the oldest[3][4] and the fifth most populous city within the Republic of Ireland. It is the eighth most populous city on the island of Ireland. Waterford City and County Council is the local government authority for the city. Waterford is known for Waterford Crystal, a legacy of the city's former glass making industry.

According to the 2011 Irish Census, there are 65,928 in the Waterford Metropolitan District, however it does not include its suburbs in County Kilkenny and County Wexford. There are over 80,000 within a 15 km radius of the city centre.

Geography and local government

With a population of 46,732, Waterford is the fifth most populous city in the State and the 32nd most populous area of local government.[5]

Following the Local Government Reform Act 2014, Waterford City and County Council is the local government authority for the city. The authority came into operation on 1 June 2014. Prior to this the city had its own local council, Waterford City Council. The new Council is the result of a merger of Waterford City Council and Waterford County Council. The Council has 32 representatives (councillors) who are elected from five electoral areas. The city itself forms three of the electoral areas – which when combined form the Metropolitan District of Waterford – and returns a total of 18 councillors to Waterford City and County Council. Residents in these areas are restricted to voting for candidates located in their ward for local elections. The office of the Mayor of Waterford was established in 1377. A mayor is then elected by the councillors from the two electoral areas of the Metropolitan District of Waterford every year, and there is no limit to the number of terms an individual may serve. Mary O'Halloran who was mayor during 2007–2008 was the first woman to hold the post. The current mayor is John Cummins.

For the purposes of elections to Dáil Éireann, the city is part of the Waterford constituency, which includes the county of Waterford except for those parts of the county near Clonmel that lie in Tipperary South.[6] The constituency elects four deputies to Dáil Éireann. There are no such ward restrictions for these elections and voters are entitled to vote for any candidate throughout the city and county.

History

Main article: History of Waterford
Waterford Quay at night.

Viking raiders first established a settlement near Waterford in 853. It and all the other longphorts were vacated in 902, the Vikings having been driven out by the native Irish. The Vikings re-established themselves in Ireland at Waterford in 914, led at first by Ottir Iarla (Jarl Ottar) until 917, and after that by Ragnall ua Ímair and the Uí Ímair dynasty, and built what would be Ireland's first city. Among the most prominent rulers of Waterford was Ivar of Waterford.

In 1167, Diarmait Mac Murchada, the deposed King of Leinster, failed in an attempt to take Waterford. He returned in 1170 with Cambro-Norman mercenaries under Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (known as Strongbow); together they besieged and took the city after a desperate defence. In furtherance of the Norman invasion of Ireland, King Henry II of England landed at Waterford in 1171. Waterford and then Dublin were declared royal cities, with Dublin also declared capital of Ireland.

Annalistic references

See Annals of Inisfallen (AI)

Throughout the medieval period, Waterford was Ireland's second city after Dublin. In the 15th century Waterford repelled two pretenders to the English throne: Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck. As a result, King Henry VII gave the city its motto: Urbs Intacta Manet Waterfordia (Waterford remains the untaken city).

After the Protestant Reformation, Waterford remained a Catholic city and participated in the confederation of Kilkenny – an independent Catholic government from 1642 to 1649. This was ended abruptly by Oliver Cromwell, who brought the country back under English rule; his nephew Henry Ireton finally took Waterford in 1650 after a major siege.[13]

The 18th century was a period of huge prosperity for Waterford. Most of the city's best architecture appeared during this time. A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of the Cavalry Barracks at the end of the 18th century.[14]

In the early 19th century, Waterford City was deemed vulnerable and the British government erected three Martello towers on the Hook Peninsula to reinforce the existing Fort at Duncannon. During the 19th century, great industries such as glass making and ship building thrived in the city.

The city was represented in the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1891 to 1918 by John Redmond MP, leader (from January 1900) of the Irish Parliamentary Party. Redmond, then leader of the pro-Parnell faction of the party, defeated David Sheehy in 1891. In 1911, Br. Jerome Foley, Br. Dunstan Drumm and Br. Leopold Loughran left Waterford for Malvern, Australia. Here, they founded a Catholic college which is still in existence today.[15] In July 1922, Waterford was the scene of fighting between Irish Free State and Irish Republican troops during the Irish Civil War.

Notable features

The city is situated at the head of Waterford Harbour (Irish: Loch Dá Chaoch or Cuan Phort Láirge).[4] The city motto Urbs Intacta Manet Waterfordia ("Waterford remains the untaken city") was granted by King Henry VII of England in 1497 after Waterford refused to recognise the claims of the pretenders Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck to the English throne.[4] Waterford was subjected to two sieges in 1649 and 1650, during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. It withstood the first siege but surrendered during the second siege to Henry Ireton on 6 August 1650.[13][16]

Reginald's Tower is the oldest urban civic building in Ireland, and the oldest monument to retain its Viking name. To this day, it remains Waterford's most recognisable landmark. It is believed to be the first building in Ireland to use mortar. The River Suir, which flows through Waterford City, has provided a basis for the city's long maritime history. The place downriver from Waterford where the Nore and the Barrow join the River Suir is known in Irish as Cumar na dTrí Uisce ("The confluence of the three waters"). Waterford Port has been one of Ireland's major ports for over a millennium. In the 19th century, shipbuilding was a major industry. The owners of the Neptune Shipyard, the Malcomson family, built and operated the largest fleet of iron steamers in the world between the mid-1850s and the late 1860s, including five trans-Atlantic passenger liners.[2]

Today, Waterford is known for Waterford Crystal, a legacy of the city's former glass making industry. Glass, or crystal, was manufactured in the city from 1783 until early 2009, when the factory there was shut down after the receivership of Waterford Wedgwood plc.[17] The Waterford Crystal visitor centre in the Viking Quarter opened in June 2010[18] after the intervention of Waterford City Council and Waterford Chamber of Commerce.

Waterford is also known for being the "starting point" of one of the biggest European airlines (as of 2013) – Ryanair's first flight was a 14-seat Embraer Bandeirante turboprop aircraft, flying between Waterford and Gatwick Airport.[19]

Climate

The climate of Waterford is, like the rest of Ireland, classified as a maritime temperate climate (Cfb) according to the Köppen climate classification system. It is mild and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. The counties in the Waterford area are often referred to as the 'Sunny Southeast'. The hottest months of the year are June, July and August with temperatures of around 17 – 22 degrees. Waterford gets rainfall all year round and the wettest months are October, November, December and January.

Climate data for Waterford (Tycor) (1981–2010 averages)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 8.4
(47.1)		 9.0
(48.2)		 10.9
(51.6)		 12.9
(55.2)		 16.0
(60.8)		 18.2
(64.8)		 20.1
(68.2)		 20.0
(68)		 17.8
(64)		 14.4
(57.9)		 11.3
(52.3)		 9.41
(48.94)		 14.034
(57.253)
Average low °C (°F) 3.0
(37.4)		 3.0
(37.4)		 4.2
(39.6)		 5.3
(41.5)		 7.8
(46)		 10.5
(50.9)		 12.3
(54.1)		 12.1
(53.8)		 10.2
(50.4)		 7.9
(46.2)		 5.1
(41.2)		 3.8
(38.8)		 7.1
(44.78)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 108.1
(4.256)		 73.1
(2.878)		 79.6
(3.134)		 71.5
(2.815)		 69.6
(2.74)		 73.6
(2.898)		 67.4
(2.654)		 76
(2.99)		 83.4
(3.283)		 116
(4.57)		 103.1
(4.059)		 99.8
(3.929)		 1,021.2
(40.206)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 14.5 10.8 11 10.5 10.3 10.2 9.9 9.7 10.1 13.8 12.6 13.3 137
Source: European Climate Assessment and Dataset[20]

Culture

Public buildings

A Large Church spire can be seen above and behind a theatre and a deciduous tree with leaves shed.
Christ Church Cathedral

Arts

Scotch Quay

Events

Media

Broadcasting

Custom House Quay

RTÉ's south eastern studio is in the city.

Waterford Local Radio (WLR FM) is available on 94.8FM on the Coast, 95.1FM in the County and on 97.5FM in Waterford City WLR FM is Waterford's local radio station. Beat 102 103 is a regional youth radio station broadcasting across the South East of Ireland, it is based in Ardkeen, along with sister station WLR FM.

Print

The Waterford News & Star is based on Gladstone Street in Waterford City. It covers Waterford city and county. It is now published in tabloid format.

The Munster Express has its office on the Quay in Waterford City and covers stories from across the city and county. It switched to tabloid format in 2011.

Waterford Mail is a free newspaper that comes out on Thursdays, it has an office on O'Connell Street. Its circulation is currently 20,000 and it delivers to homes and business across the city and county.

Waterford Today is an advertising supported free newspaper. It is delivered to most homes in the Waterford city area and is also available in many shops across the east of the county. Its newly refurbished offices are at the Mayors Walk in the city.

Waterford News and Star is in the shops on Tuesdays, The Munster Express, and Waterford Today are in the shops on Wednesdays.

Places of interest

Reginald's Tower
The Quays: "The Three Sisters" mix near the city before flowing into the harbour.
Theatre Royal

The city of Waterford consists of various cultural quarters, the oldest of which is known as Viking Triangle. This is the part of the city surrounded by the original 10th century fortifications, which is triangular in shape with its apex at Reginald's Tower. Though this was once the site of a thriving Viking city, the city centre has shifted to the west over the years, and it is now a quiet and tranquil area, dominated by narrow streets, medieval architecture, and civic spaces. Over the past decade, a number of restaurants have opened in High Street and Henrietta Street, taking advantage of the charming character of the area. Much of Waterford's impressive architecture is to be found in the 'Viking Triangle'.

In the 15th century, the city was enlarged with the building of an outer wall on the west side. Today Waterford retains more of its city walls than any other city in Ireland with the exception of Derry, whose walls were built much later. Tours of Waterford's city walls are conducted daily.

Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity on Barronstrand Street.

The Quay, once termed by historian Mark Girouard 'the noblest quay in Europe', is a mile long from Grattan Quay to Adelphi Quay, though Adelphi Quay is now a residential area. It is still a major focal point for Waterford, commercially and socially, and the face that Waterford presents to those travelling into the city from the north. Near Reginald's Tower is the William Vincent Wallace Plaza, a monument and amenity built around the time of the millennium that commemorates the Waterford born composer.

John Roberts Square is a pedestrianised area that is one of the main focal points of Waterford's modern day commercial centre. It was named after the city's most celebrated architect, John Roberts, and was formed from the junction of Barronstrand Street, Broad Street and George's Street. It is often referred to locally as Red Square, due to the red paving that was used when the area was first pedestrianised. A short distance to the east of John Roberts Square is Arundel Square, another square with a fine commercial tradition, which the City Square shopping centre opens onto.

The old Waterford Crystal visitor centre which closed in late 2009. A new centre opened in June 2010.

Ballybricken, in the west, just outside the city walls, is thought to have been Waterford's Irishtown, a type of settlement that often formed outside Irish cities to house the Vikings and Irish that had been expelled during the Norman invasion of Ireland. Ballybricken is an inner city neighbourhood with a long tradition, centred around Ballybricken hill, which was a large, open market-square. Today it has been converted into a green, civic space, but the Bull Post, where livestock was once bought and sold, still stands as a remnant of the hill's past.

The Mall is a fine Georgian thoroughfare, built by the Wide Streets Commission to extend the city southwards. It contains some of the city's finest Georgian architecture. The People's Park, Waterford's largest and finest park, is located nearby.

Ferrybank in County Waterford is Waterford's only suburb north of the river. It contains a village centre of its own. Waterford City Council have granted permission for a number of major retail developments in Ferrybank. One has been completed and the second is currently under construction and due to be completed in January 2009.

In April 2003 an important site combining a 5th-century Iron Age and 9th century Viking settlement was discovered at Woodstown near the city, which appears to have been a Viking town that predates all such settlements in Ireland.[38]

Waterford Crystal is manufactured in Waterford but in early 2009 the company moved it operations to continental Europe. A new Waterford Crystal visitor centre opened on 22 June 2010.

Waterford's oldest public house (pub) can be found just outside the old 'Viking Triangle'. T & H Doolan's, of 31/32 George's Street, has been officially active and open to the public for over three hundred years. The official record of licences dates back to the 18th century but the premises is believed to be closer to five hundred years in age. A main element of the structure includes one of the original city walls, almost 1,000 years old, which can be viewed in the lounge area of the building.

Economy

Waterford is the main city of Ireland's South-East Region. Historically Waterford was an important trading port which brought much prosperity to the city throughout the city's eventful history. Waterford Port is Ireland's closest deep-water port to mainland Europe, handling approximately 12% of Ireland's external trade by value.[39] Waterford's most famous export, Waterford Crystal is an internationally known and highly sought after product that was manufactured in the city from 1783 to 2009 and again from 2010 to the present day. Some of the places where Waterford Crystal can be seen include New York City where Waterford Crystal made the 2,668 crystals for the famous New Year's Eve Ball that is dropped each year in Times Square, in Westminster Abbey, Windsor Castle and the Kennedy Center, Washington[40][41] Throughout its history Waterford Crystal provided employment to thousands in the city and surrounding areas.

Agriculture also played an important part in Waterford's economic history. Kilmeadan about 5 km from the city was also home to a very successful co-operative. The farmers of the area benefited greatly from the sale of their produce (mostly butter and milk) to the co-op. In 1964, all of the co-ops in Waterford amalgamated, and was registered as Waterford Co-op. This led to the construction of a cheese factory on a green field site opposite the general store, and Kilmeadan cheese was to become one of the most recognised and successful cheddar brands in the world. This is evident as the brand won a gold and bronze medal in the World Cheese Awards in London in 2005.

Today, Waterford is the site of a number of multinational companies including GlaxoSmithkline, Bausch & Lomb, Nypro Healthcare, Genzyme, Hasbro, Teva Pharmaceuticals and Honeywell International.

The Irish economic recession from 2008 onwards has had a major negative impact on Waterford's economy. A number of multinational companies have closed from the recession, including Waterford Crystal and Talk Talk, which has led to a high rate of unemployment.

Transport

Road

The M9 motorway, which was completed on 9 September 2010, connects the city to Dublin.[42] The N24 road connects the city to Limerick city. The N25 road connects the city to Cork city. The route traverses the River Suir via the River Suir Bridge. This cable-stayed bridge is the longest single bridge span in Ireland at 230m. The route continues eastwards to Rosslare Harbour.

Rail

Bus

Bus services operate throughout the city centre and across the region.

Waterford city routes are provided by Bus Éireann and local operator Kenneally's 601 The Quay- Ballybeg[45] 602 Patrick street- Saint John's park[46] 603 The Quay- Waterford Institute of technology[47] 604 The Quay- Carrickpherish Roundabout[48] 605 Oakwood- Waterford Regional Hospital via city centre[49]

607 Ardkeen (Tesco)-Slieverue via city centre (clock tower)[50] 617 Ballygunner-Slieverue via city centre (clock tower)

JJ Kavanagh offers daily services to Dublin Airport via Carlow, while Dublin Coach serves Cork, Kilkenny and Dublin on its M9 route.

Coach

Daily Coach service operated by Eurolines (National Express and Bus Eireann) to the United Kingdom as service 890 to Pembroke Dock, Kilgetty, Carmarthen, Pont Abraham, Cardiff, Bristol, Reading and London Victoria[51]

Air

Waterford Airport is located 9 km outside the city centre.

Car Rental

Car rental services in Waterford are offered by Europcar, Hertz and Enterprise.

Education

Waterford Institute of Technology.

The city is served by 21 primary schools[52] and 9 secondary schools.[53]

There is one third level institution in Waterford: Waterford Institute of Technology, which has applied for university status.[54] Waterford College of Further Education previously called the Central Technical Institute (CTI), is a Post Leaving Certificate institute located on Parnell Street, Waterford city. It was founded in 1906 and thus celebrated its centenary in 2005.[55]

Mount Sion Secondary and Primary School at Barrack Street were founded by Edmund Ignatius Rice and the schools have seen many prestigious pupils pass through its doors.[56]

The Quaker co-educational boarding school, Newtown School is situated in Waterford, east of the city centre.

Waterpark College is a secondary school in Waterford. The school was established in 1892 on the banks of the River Suir as Waterfords' first classical school, and still provides a secondary education to boys from Waterford City, County and the surrounding area.

De La Salle College is a secondary school in Waterford. With more than 1,000 students and over 70 staff it is the biggest in the county. It ranks as a highly sought after college within the city. Founded by the brothers of the De La Salle in 1892, it now serves as a Catholic school for boys.[57]

Sport

Athletics

There are three athletics clubs in Waterford; West Waterford AC Waterford Athletic Club and Ferrybank Athletic Club. In June, the Waterford Viking Marathon is held.[58]

Football

Waterford United is a team in the League of Ireland First Division. Waterford United's origins are as Waterford Football Club which was formed in 1930 and joined the League of Ireland the same year. The club which changed its name to United in 1982 played its games in the city's greyhound racing stadium at Kilcohan Park. At the end of the 1992/93 season, the club were granted the use of the Regional Sports Centre, due to the absence of owning their own pitch. The club has had mixed fortunes through its history, success peaking in a near decade spell of domination of the domestic game between 1965 and 1973. During this time, Waterford United F.C. were crowned League Champions 6 times which led to games being played at European level against teams that included Manchester United and Celtic. The club's last trophy win was the Munster Senior Cup in 2010 and 2013. Previous to that Waterford United won the First Division in 2003.[59]

Successful Waterford born or brought up football players include Jim Beglin, Alfie Hale, Eddie Nolan, Brian Murphy, John O'Shea and Daryl Murphy.

John Delaney CEO of the Football Association of Ireland is a native of Waterford.

GAA

Local Gaelic Athletic Association clubs include: Mount Sion GAA, Erin's Own GAA, De La Salle GAA, Roanmore GAA, Ferrybank GAA and Ballygunner GAA.

Rowing

Waterford Boat Club, c.1915

Waterford Boat Club is the oldest active sports club in Waterford established in 1878.[60] Located on Scotch Quay the club competes in the Irish Rowing Championships.[61] In 2009, several Waterford rowers have been selected to row for Ireland.

Rugby

There are two Rugby clubs in Waterford City: Waterford City R.F.C[62] and Waterpark R.F.C.[63]

Inline Hockey

Waterford is home to two inline hockey clubs: Waterford Shadows HC and Waterford Vikings. Both clubs play in the Irish Inline Hockey League.

American football

Waterford Wolves are the only American football club in Waterford. They play their home games at the Waterford Regional Sports Centre.

Demographics

Electoral Division Population
County Waterford
Waterford City East 22,340
Waterford City South 20,681
Tramore & Waterford City West 22,907
TOTAL 65,928
County Kilkenny
Aglish 871
Kilculliheen 4,811
Dunkitt 1,058
Rathpatrick 1,149
Kiltenanlea 1,811
Portnaskully 1,128
Pollrone 1,406
Ullid 1,014
Rossinan 776
Ballincrea 316
Kilcolumb 579
TOTAL 14,919
County Wexford
Ballyhack 1,302
Kilmokea 814
TOTAL 2,116

[64]

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ Central Statistics Office - Population of each Province, County and City, 2011
  2. 1 2 Discover Waterford, by Eamon McEneaney (2001). (ISBN 0-86278-656-8)
  3. ↑ "About Waterford City". waterfordchamber.com.
  4. 1 2 3 i 23 July 2013.
  5. ↑ Corry, Eoghan (2005). The GAA Book of Lists. Hodder Headline Ireland. pp. 186–191.
  6. ↑ "Electoral (Amendment) Act 2009: Schedule". Irish Statute Book database. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
  7. ↑ For 1653 and 1659 figures from Civil Survey Census of those years, Paper of Mr Hardinge to Royal Irish Academy 14 March 1865.
  8. ↑ Census for post 1821 figures.
  9. ↑ "Histpop.org". histpop.org.
  10. ↑ NISRA.gov
  11. ↑ Lee, JJ (1981). "On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses". In Goldstrom, J. M.; Clarkson, L. A. Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
  12. ↑ Mokyr, Joel; O Grada, Cormac (November 1984). "New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850". The Economic History Review 37 (4): 473–488. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1984.tb00344.x.
  13. 1 2 A New History of Cromwell's Irish Campaign, by Philip McKeiver (2007). (ISBN 978-0-9554663-0-4)
  14. ↑ "Heritage Walk map" (PDF). Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  15. ↑ Steve Stefanopolous, St. Joseph's Malvern, 2003. Held by the De La Salle College Malvern Archives
  16. ↑ Discover Waterford, by Eamon McEneaney (2001). (ISBN 0-86278-656-8)
  17. ↑ USAtoday.com.
  18. ↑ "Waterford Crystal visitor centre opens". Irish Times. 6 June 2010.
  19. ↑ "Tony Ryan Obituary". airlineworld.wordpress.com. 4 October 2007.
  20. ↑ "Temperature (Tycor, Waterford)". ECA&D. September 2012.
  21. ↑ "Waterford Museum of Treasures in Ireland's Oldest City - Waterford Treasures". waterfordtreasures.com.
  22. ↑ "Janvs - Award winning designers of museums, galleries and heritage centres". janvs.com.
  23. ↑ "Theatre Royal - Entertainment in Waterford, Ireland". theatreroyalwaterford.com.
  24. ↑ "Entertainment in Waterford, theatre, movies, music, Garter Lane Arts Centre". garterlane.ie. line feed character in |title= at position 69 (help)
  25. ↑ St John’s College sold to Respond By Jamie O’Keeffe Munster Express, Published on Friday, 20 April 2007 at 12:00 pm
  26. ↑ "【お金借りるなら】急な出費にお金を借りれるキャッシング". red-kettle.com.
  27. 1 2 "Home - Spraoi". Spraoi.
  28. ↑ "Waterford Youth Arts in Waterford, Ireland". waterfordyoutharts.com.
  29. ↑ Jim Nolan – Current Member | Aosdana. Aosdana.artscouncil.ie. Retrieved on 23 July 2013.
  30. ↑ WFFA – Waterford Film For All
  31. ↑ "ODEON – Waterford". United Cinemas International (Ireland) Limited. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  32. ↑ 10,000 tickets sold for Waterford Music Fest 2011. Munster Express Online (29 July 2011). Retrieved on 23 July 2013.
  33. ↑ "Waterford Festival". waterfordfestival.com.
  34. ↑ Waterford International Music Festival | May 1st – 13th 2012. Waterfordintlmusicfestival.com. Retrieved on 23 July 2013.
  35. ↑ Tall Ships Race 2011, Waterford Tall Ships Festival Ireland. Waterfordtallshipsrace.ie (3 July 2011). Retrieved on 23 July 2013.
  36. ↑ Imagine Arts Festival, Waterford Ireland. Discoverwaterfordcity.ie. Retrieved on 23 July 2013.
  37. ↑ "Waterford Winterval - Ireland's Christmas Festival". winterval.ie.
  38. ↑ 9th Century Settlement found at Woodstown – vikingwaterford.com
  39. ↑ http://www.waterfordcity.ie/documents/reports/WCDB%20Strategy%202002-2012.pdf
  40. ↑ Beeson, Trevor (2002). Priests And Prelates: The Daily Telegraph Clerical Obituaries. London: Continuum Books. pp. 4–5. ISBN 0-8264-6337-1.
  41. ↑ Morris, Shirley (April 2007). Interior Decoration – A Complete Course. Global Media. pp. 105. ISBN 81-89940-65-1.
  42. ↑ Irish Motorway Info. "M9 Motorway". irishmotorwayinfo.com.
  43. ↑ http://www.irishrail.ie/media/04-DublinWaterford2807131.pdf
  44. ↑ http://www.irishrail.ie/media/12-WaterfordLimerick2807131.pdf
  45. ↑ http://www.buseireann.ie/pdf/1363784281-601.pdf
  46. ↑ http://www.buseireann.ie/pdf/1363361572-602.pdf
  47. ↑ http://www.buseireann.ie/pdf/1363361573-603.pdf
  48. ↑ http://www.buseireann.ie/pdf/1363682953-604.pdf
  49. ↑ http://www.buseireann.ie/pdf/1363363360-605.pdf
  50. ↑ http://jjkavanagh.ie/images/events/WaterfordCity-TTable-April20th%20%202013.pdf
  51. ↑ "Kerry Airport". buseireann.ie.
  52. ↑ Primary Schools in Waterford City- Education Ireland
  53. ↑ Secondary Schools in Waterford City- Education Ireland
  54. ↑ WIT must prove it’s worthy of university status
  55. ↑ "Welcome to Waterford College of Further Education". wcfe.ie.
  56. ↑ "Mount Sion School Waterford Ireland". mountsion.ie.
  57. ↑ "De La Salle College Waterford". delasallewaterford.com.
  58. ↑ Super User. "Waterford Viking Marathon 2015, Saturday June 27th". waterfordvikingmarathon.com.
  59. ↑ "Club Honours - Waterford United". waterford-united.ie.
  60. ↑ "Waterfordboatclub.net". waterfordboatclub.net.
  61. ↑ "Irish Rowing Championships". rowingireland.ie.
  62. ↑ "Waterford City Rugby Club". facebook.com.
  63. ↑ "Waterpark Rugby Football Club". waterparkrfc.com.
  64. ↑ http://www.boundarycommittee.ie/reports/2013-Report.pdf

External links

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