Wiradhuric languages

Wiradhuric
Central New South Wales
Geographic distribution:	New South Wales
Linguistic classification:	Pama–Nyungan Southeastern Wiradhuric
Subdivisions:	Gamilaraay Wiradhuri Ngiyambaa
Glottolog:	wira1261[1]
Wiradhuric languages (green) among other Pama–Nyungan (tan)

The Wiradhuric languages, or Central (Inland) New South Wales, are a family of Pama–Nyungan languages of Australia. There are three languages:

• Gamilaraay (northeast)
• Wiradhuri–Ngiyambaa
  • Wiradhuri (south)
  • Ngiyambaa (west)

All are now moribund.

Wiradhuri and Ngiyambaa appear to be more closely related to each other than to Gamilaraay, as they show some common features that Gamilaraay lacks. The languages are close enough to be accepted as related in the conservative classification of Dixon (2002). Bowern (2011) lists the Yuwaaliyaay and Yuwaalaraay varieties of Gamilaraay as separate languages.^[2] Bigambal may have been another, if it wasn't one of the Banjalung languages. The Gujambal language has been listed as Wiradhuric, but is undocumented.

Comparison

Wiradhuric			Non-Wiradhuric
Wiradhuri	Ngiyambaa	Gamilaraay	Baagandji
ngandhi	ngandi-	ngaana	wintyika	who?
minyang	minja-	minya	minha	what?
ngadhuu	ngadhu	ngaya	ngathu	I
ngali	ngalii	ngali	ngali	we two
ngiyani	ngiyanu / ngiyani	ngiyaani	ngina	we (pl.)
nginduu	ngindu	nginda	ngintu	you (sg.)
nginduu buula	ngindubula	ngindaali	ngupa	you two
nginduugirr	ngindugal	ngindaay	ngurta	you (pl.)

See also

• Central New South Wales languages

References

1. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Wiradhuric". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
2. Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?", Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web, December 23, 2011 (corrected February 6, 2012)

• Austin, P. K. (1997). "Proto Central New South Wales phonology". In Tryon, D. T. and Walsh, M. Boundary rider: essays in honour of Geoffrey O'Grady. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 21–49.
• Austin, P. (1993). A Reference Dictionary of Gamilaraay, northern New South Wales. Bundoora: La Trobe University Department of Linguistics.
• Austin, P.; Williams, C. and Würm, S. A. (1980). "The linguistic situation in north central New South Wales". In Rigsby, B. and Sutton, P. Contributions to Australian Linguistics. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 167–80. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
• Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521473780, ISBN 978-0-521-47378-1.