Workington Central railway station

Workington Central
Location
Place	Workington
Area	Allerdale
Coordinates	54°38′34″N 3°32′50″W / 54.6428°N 3.5472°WCoordinates: 54°38′34″N 3°32′50″W / 54.6428°N 3.5472°W
Grid reference	NY002286
Operations
Original company	Cleator and Workington Junction Railway
Platforms	2[1][2][3][4] plus bay[5]
History
1 October 1879	Opened as Workington
10 July 1880	Renamed Workington Central
13 April 1931	Closed to passengers[6]
4 May 1964	Closed to goods[7]
26 September 1965	Line through station closed[8]
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A 1914 Railway Clearing House Junction Diagram showing the complex network which existed in the Workington area

Cleator & Workington Junction Railway
Legend
Key Open line C&WJR line (all closed) Other closed lines ---------- ----------- To Scotland via SJR To Carlisle via MCR Linefoot Linefoot Jct To Papcastle via MCR Summit Great Broughton RNAD Broughton Moor Buckhill Colliery Halt Camerton Colliery Halt To Carlisle via MCR Seaton (Cumbria) Siddick Junction Calva Jct Workington North Marron Jct C&WR Workington Central Bridgefoot Workington Main WC&ER To Whitehaven Derwent Branch Moss Bay Branch Harrington Junction Harrington (Church Rd Halt) High Harrington Rosehill (Archer St Halt) To Lowca via LLR To Parton Distington Gilgarran Branch Ironworks Millgrove Oatlands Moresby Parks RKFR Summit Quarry Moresby Jct Halt Rowrah Summit Arlecdon Keekle Colliers' Plfm Keekle Viaduct Mine Cleator Moor West Cleator Moor Jct Cleator Moor East Moor Row Jct Moor Row To Whitehaven via Corkickle To Sellafield

Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway
Legend
Cleator and Workington Junction Railway Cumbrian Coast Line to Carlisle Cockermouth and Workington Railway Marron Junction Workington Central Workington Main Bridgefoot Harrington Parton Halt Branthwaite Distington Gilgarran Branch Distington Works Ullock Parton Lamplugh Rowrah Whitehaven Summit Winder Whitehaven Tunnel Yeathouse Corkickle Eskett Eskett Junction Mirehouse Junction Frizington Moor Row Cleator Moor West Cleator Moor East St Bees Cleator Moor(first) Woodend St Bees Golf Halt Gillfoot Egremont Nethertown St Thomas Cross Platform Beckermet Mines Braystones Beckermet Sellafield Cumbrian Coast Line to Barrow-in-Furness

Workington Central railway station was opened by the Cleator and Workington Junction Railway (C&WJR) in 1879 to serve the town of Workington in Cumbria, England. It was situated almost half a mile nearer the town centre than its rival Workington station.^[9][10][11]

History

The line was one of the fruits of the rapid industrialisation of West Cumberland in the second half of the Nineteenth Century, specifically being born as a reaction to oligopolistic behaviour by the London and North Western and Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railways.^[12] The line and station opened to passengers on 1 October 1879. Central Station was initially the northern terminus; the line was extended northwards to Siddick Junction a year later.

All lines in the area were primarily aimed at mineral traffic, notably iron ore, coal and limestone, none more so than the new line to Workington, which earned the local name "The Track of the Ironmasters". General goods and passenger services were provided, but were very small beer compared with mineral traffic.^[13]

The founding Act of Parliament of June 1878 confirmed the company's agreement with the Furness Railway that the latter would operate the line for one third of the receipts.^[14]

The line and station became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at the Grouping of 1923. The station closed to passengers eight years later under this management.

The substantial stone station^[15][13][16] housed the headquarters of the C&WJR. There were sidings to the south of the platforms. An engine shed and wagon shops were added there in November 1897.^[8] The shed was closed in May 1923; the building was then used as a wagon repair shop for many years.^[17][18]

Services

Passenger trains consisted of antiquated Furness stock hauled largely by elderly Furness engines^[19][20] referred to as "rolling ruins" by one author after a footplate ride in 1949.^[21]

No Sunday passenger service was ever provided on the line.

The initial passenger service in 1879 consisted of

• two Up (northbound) trains a day, leaving Moor Row at 09:20 and 13:45, calling at Cleator Moor, Moresby Parks, Distington, High Harrington and terminating at Workington Central, taking 30 minutes in all.
• they returned as Down trains, leaving Workington at 10:30 and 16:00

In 1880 the extension northwards to Siddick Junction was opened, crossing the River Derwent by a bridge known locally as "Navvy's Bridge".^[22] The service was extended to run to and from Siddick and an extra train was added, with

• three up trains a day, leaving Moor Row at 07:40, 10:12 and 14:45, taking 30 minutes to Workington and an extra four to proceed to Siddick, where connections were made with northbound trains on the coastal line.
• Down trains left Siddick at 08:45, 12:22 and 17:00^[23]

By 1922 the service reached its high water mark, with:

• five up trains a day from Moor Row through to Siddick, leaving Moor Row at 07:20, 09:50, 13:15, 16:50 and 1820.
• one train Mondays to Fridays Only from Moor Row to Workington, leaving at 13:45 and also calling at Moresby Junction Halt, making that halt qualify as a publicly advertised passenger station
• one Saturdays Only train leaving Cleator Moor (NB not from Moor Row) at 12:50 for Workington
• one Saturdays Only train leaving Moor Row at 19:35 for Workington

There was one fewer Down train, as the 09:50 Up was provided to give a connection at Siddick with a fast MCR train to Carlisle with connections beyond.^[24]

Two Saturdays Only trains left Oatlands at 16:05 and 21:35 for Workington, calling at Distington and High Harrington, with balancing workings leaving Workington at 15:30 and 21:00.

There were also trains using the Lowca Light Railway plying between Lowca and Workington; they turned off the main line at Harrington Junction and therefore served no "pure" C&WJR stations other than Workington Central.^[25]

As with advertised passenger trains, in 1920 workmen's trains ran on the company's three southern routes:

• between Workington Central and Lowca using the Lowca Light Railway
• between Arlecdon (Rowrah's "other station") and Oatlands on the single track "Baird's Line", and
• on the "main line" between Siddick Junction and Moor Row
  • from Siddick Junction to Moor Row, calling at all passenger stations except Moresby Parks, calling at Moresby Junction Halt instead
  • from Moor Row to Moresby Junction Halt, calling at Cleator Moor and Keekle Colliers' Platform^[26]

The situation in 1922 was similar.^[24]

By 1922 a fourth route had already given up trying a passenger service; it ran north eastwards from Workington Central to Seaton (Cumbria) and beyond. This line - opened in 1887 and often referred to as the "Northern Extension" - was the half-hearted outcome of what was originally intended as a direct cross-country route to Scotland for Cumberland ore. As conceived it would have continued the founders' approach of bipassing all established interests to join up with the Caledonian Railway and send its loads to Glasgow over the Solway Viaduct. In the end it met up with the Maryport and Carlisle Railway at Linefoot Junction "in the middle of nowhere, having gone there via nowhere else."

Ironically, part of this line would go on to be the last C&WJR metals to carry trains, outliving all other lines by nearly thirty years as the result of the Royal Navy using its combination of remoteness and dock access to establish an arms store at RNAD Broughton Moor. By Autumn 1922, however, that remoteness had killed attempts to run passenger trains. The last vestige was that on Saturdays Only, two of the Lowca to Workington trains shown above continued to and returned from Seaton. An attempt to run services beyond, to Great Broughton and Linefoot, was tried in 1908, but lasted a mere two months.^[27]

The fifth route from Workington Central was authorised on 16 July 1883 and opened in March 1885. It turned sharply east at Cloffocks Junction,^[28] 15 chains (0.30 km) north of the station, joining the Workington-Penrith line immediately east of Workington Bridge.^[29] This never carried any passenger service, publicly advertised or for workmen.

In January 1898 the company agreed with the Postmaster General to carry a mail bag daily between Workington and Siddick and between Workington and Distington.^[8] It is likely that this was conveyed on passenger trains. At some point thereafter the service was extended to Rowrah. The "Mail Train" beyond Distington to Oatlands and Arlecdon usually consisted of a C&WJR 0-6-0ST and a guards van.^[30]

The 1920 Working Time Table shows relatively few Goods trains, with just one a day in each direction booked to call at Workington Central.

Mineral traffic was an altogether different matter, dwarfing all other traffic in volume, receipts and profits. The key source summarises it "...the 'Track of the Ironmasters' ran like a main traffic artery through an area honeycombed with mines, quarries and ironworks."^[31] The associated drama was all the greater because all the company's lines abounded with steep inclines^[32] and sharp curves,^[33] frequently requiring banking. The saving grace was that south of Workington at least, most gradients favoured loaded trains. During the First World War especially, the company ran "Double Trains", akin to North American practice, with two mineral trains coupled together and a banking engine behind, i.e. locomotive-wagons-guards van-locomotive-wagons-guards van-banker. Such trains worked regularly between Distington and Cleator Moor West.^[34] The practice was discontinued after dark from 1 April 1918.^[35]

Most stations on the company's lines had heavy industrial neighbours, such as ironworks next to Cleator Moor West, or served primarily industrial workforces, such as Keekle Colliers' Platform. Workington Central was rather different, with vast heavy industry within a couple of miles of the station, but not served by it and a significant town surrounding the station but few populous destinations to serve.

Like any business tied to one or few industries, the railway was at the mercy of trade fluctuations and technological change. The Cumberland iron industry led the charge in the Nineteenth Century, but became less and less competitive as time passed and local ore became worked out and harder to win, taking the fortunes of the railway with it. The peak year was 1909, when 1,644,514 tons of freight were handled.^[36] Ominously for the line, that tonnage was down to just over 800,000 by 1922, bringing receipts of £83,349, compared with passenger fares totalling £6,570.^[37]

Rundown and closure

The high water mark for tonnage was 1909, the high water mark for progress was 1913, with the opening of the Harrington and Lowca line for passenger traffic. A chronology of the line's affairs from 1876 to 1992 has almost no entries before 1914 which fail to include "opened" or "commenced". After 1918 the position was reversed, when the litany of step-by-step closures and withdrawals was relieved only by a control cabin and a signalbox being erected at Harrington Junction in 1919 and the Admiralty saving the northern extension in 1937 by establishing an armaments depot at Broughton.^[38]

The public passenger service to Lowca ended on 31 May 1926,^[8] followed by the workmen's trains there on 1 April 1929.^[39]

The curve from Cloffocks Junction to the Workington-Penrith line was closed on 26 March 1930 and subsequently lifted.^[8] Its key role had been to give coke from County Durham an additional route to Workington's furnaces, known locally as "The Works".^[40][22]

Workington Central station closed to passengers on 13 April 1931 when normal passenger traffic ended along the line. Diversions and specials, for example to football matches,^[41] continued to use the station and line, but it was not easy to use as a through north-south route because all such trains had to reverse at Moor Row or Corkickle.^[42]

The most unusual special event was when the station was used as a set for part of the film The Stars Look Down shot in 1938 and released in 1940.^[43]

The Dock Branch, which veered west off the line to Siddick north of the station closed on 27 July 1936, ending another source of custom or potential traffic through the station.^[8]

The station, like a great many across the country, remained open for goods traffic. It closed in 1964, by which time road transport had picked off all commercially viable trade, leaving the station as one of many money sinks identified by Beeching.

An enthusiasts' special ran through on 6 September 1954, the only one to do so using main line passenger stock. The next such train to traverse any C&WJR metals did so in 1966 at the north end of the line, a year after the line through Workington Central closed.^[44]

Afterlife

By 2013 aerial images show the trackbed through the station site had become "Central Way" used by the West Cumbria Cycle Network. The line's bridge over the River Derwent north of the station had had its railway spans replaced with ones suitable for a foot and cycleway, using the original abutments.^[45]

Preceding station	Disused railways			Following station
Siddick Junction Line and station closed		Cleator and Workington Junction Railway		High Harrington Line and station closed
Seaton (Cumbria) Line and station closed				Harrington (Church Road Halt) Line and station closed

See also

• Maryport and Carlisle Railway
• Furness Railway
• Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway
• Cockermouth and Workington Railway

References

1. McGowan Gradon 2004, p. 63.
2. Robinson 2002, p. 32.
3. Suggitt 2008, p. 66.
4. Webb 1964b, p. 790.
5. Jackson, Sisson & Haywood 1982a, p. 5.
6. Butt 1995, p. 255.
7. McGowan Gradon 2004, p. 68.
8. McGowan Gradon 2004, p. 59.
9. McGowan Gradon 2004, pp. 6 & 63.
10. Smith & Turner 2012, Map 26.
11. Jowett 2000, Map 36.
12. Anderson 2002, p. 309.
13. Anderson 2002, p. 313.
14. Marshall 1981, p. 117.
15. McGowan Gradon 2004, p. 20.
16. Anderson 2001, p. 401.
17. Griffiths & Smith 2000, p. 330.
18. McGowan Gradon 2004, p. 18.
19. Anderson 2002, p. 314.
20. McGowan Gradon 2004, pp. 40 & 42.
21. McGowan Gradon 2004, p. 51.
22. Jackson, Sisson & Haywood 1982b, p. 10.
23. McGowan Gradon 2004, p. 38.
24. McGowan Gradon 2004, p. 39.
25. Bradshaw 1985, p. 595.
26. Haynes 1920, pp. 8-13.
27. Suggitt 2008, pp. 68-71.
28. McGowan Gradon 2004, p. 19.
29. McGowan Gradon 2004, p. 58.
30. Jackson, Sisson & Haywood 1982a, p. 3.
31. McGowan Gradon 2004, p. 41.
32. McGowan Gradon 2004, p.64, Gradient Diagrams.
33. McGowan Gradon 2004, p. 25.
34. McGowan Gradon 2004, Front cover & pp.42-3.
35. Haynes 1920, p. 5.
36. McGowan Gradon 2004, p. 50.
37. Suggitt 2008, p. 65.
38. McGowan Gradon 2004, pp. 58-59.
39. Croughton, Kidner & Young 1982, p. 98.
40. McGowan Gradon 2004, Page 11, Note 8.
41. McGowan Gradon 2004, p. 52 & Rear cover.
42. Marshall 1981, p. 118.
43. McGowan Gradon 2004, p. 17.
44. McGowan Gradon 2004, pp. 60-1.
45. Suggitt 2008, p. 68.

Sources

• Anderson, Paul (June 2001). Hawkins, Chris, ed. "The dog's got your description". British Railways Illustrated (Clophill: Irwell Press Ltd) 10 (9).
• Anderson, Paul (April 2002). Hawkins, Chris, ed. "Dog in the Manger? The Track of the Ironmasters". British Railways Illustrated (Clophill: Irwell Press Ltd) 11 (7).
• Bradshaw (1986) [1922]. Bradshaw's July 1922 Railway Guide (reprint). Guild Publishing London.
• Butt, R. V. J. (1995). The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-8526-0508-1. OCLC 60251199.
• Croughton, Godfrey; Kidner, Roger W.; Young, Alan (1982). Private and Untimetabled Railway Stations, Halts and Stopping Places X 43. Headington, Oxford: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0 85361 281 1.
• Griffiths, Roger; Smith, Paul (2000). The Directory of British Engine Sheds and Principal Locomotive Servicing Points: Northern England and Scotland v.2 (Vol 2). OPC Railprint. ISBN 0-86093-548-5.
• Jowett, Alan (March 1989). Jowett's Railway Atlas of Great Britain and Ireland: From Pre-Grouping to the Present Day (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-8526-0086-1. OCLC 22311137.
• Haynes, Jas. A. (April 1920). Cleator & Workington Junction Railway Working Time Table. Central Station, Workington: Cleator and Workington Junction Railway.
• Jackson, Stanley; Sisson, Norman; Haywood, T.R. (August 1982). Peascod, Michael, ed. "The Cleator and Workington Junction Railway". Cumbrian Railways (Pinner: Cumbrian Railways Association) 2 (11). ISSN 1466-6812.
• Jackson, Stanley; Sisson, Norman; Haywood, T.R. (October 1982). Peascod, Michael, ed. "The Cleator and Workington Junction Railway". Cumbrian Railways (Pinner: Cumbrian Railways Association) 2 (12). ISSN 1466-6812.
• McGowan Gradon, W. (2004) [1952]. The Track of the Ironmasters: A History of the Cleator and Workington Junction Railway. Grange-over-Sands: Cumbrian Railways Association. ISBN 0-9540232-2-6.
• Marshall, John (1981). Forgotten Railways: North West England. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0 7153 8003 6.
• Robinson, Peter W. (2002). Cumbria's Lost Railways. Stenlake Publishing. ISBN 1 84033 205 0.
• Smith, Paul; Turner, Keith (2012). Railway Atlas Then and Now. Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978 0 7110 3695 6.
• Suggitt, Gordon (2008). Lost Railways of Cumbria (Railway Series). Newbury: Countryside Books. ISBN 978-1-84674-107-4.
• Webb, David R. (October 1964). Cooke, B.W.C., ed. "Between the Solway and Sellafield: Part Two". The Railway Magazine (London: Tothill Press Limited) 110 (762).

Further reading

• British Railways Pre-Grouping Atlas And Gazetteer. Shepperton: Ian Allan Publishing. 1997 [1958]. ISBN 0-7110-0320-3.
• Atterbury, Paul (2009). Along Lost Lines. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-2706-2.
• Bairstow, Martin (1995). Railways In The Lake District. Martin Bairstow. ISBN 1-871944-11-2.
• Bowtell, Harold D. (1989). Rails through Lakeland: An Illustrated Journey of the Workington-Cockermouth-Keswick-Penrith Railway 1847-1972. Wyre, Lancashire: Silverling Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-947971-26-2.
• Joy, David (1983). Lake Counties (Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain). Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 094653702X.
• Webb, David R. (September 1964). Cooke, B.W.C., ed. "Between the Solway and Sellafield: Part One". The Railway Magazine (London: Tothill Press Limited) 110 (761).
• Western, Robert (2001). The Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway OL113. Usk: Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-564-0.

External links

• Map of the CWJR with photos, via RAILSCOT
• Map of the WC&ER with photos, via RAILSCOT
• The line in green via Rail Map Online
• The station on overlain OS maps surveyed from 1898, via National Library of Scotland
• The closed station on a 1948 OS Map, via npe maps
• The station and line, via railwaycodes
• The railways of Cumbria, via Cumbrian Railways Association
• Photos of Cumbrian railways, via Cumbrian Railways Association
• The railways of Cumbria, via Railways_of_Cumbria
• Cumbrian Industrial History, via Cumbria Industrial History Society
• Furness Railtour using many West Cumberland lines 5 September 1954, via sixbellsjunction
• A video tour-de-force of the region's closed lines, via cumbriafilmarchive
• 1882 RCH Diagram showing the station, see page 173 of the pdf, via google
• Haematite, via earthminerals
• Coal and iron ore mining in Cleator Moor, via Haig Pit
• Photos of the station, line, staff, tickets and timetables, via Harrington History