Yemeni Americans are Americans of Yemeni ancestry. According to an estimate of 2010, more than 20,000 Yemenis live in the United States.
History
Although it is unknown when Yemenis first arrived, it is believed that Yemenis were immigrating to the U.S. after 1869, and are recorded in the 1890s. Some Yemenis gained U.S. citizenship by fighting in World War I and World War II. Yemenis immigrants settled in existing Lebanese communities in cities like New York. They were outcast as Muslims, as the Lebanese communities were predominantly Christian, as were Syrian and Palestinian communities. After becoming situated, many Yemenis traveled westward for better job opportunities.[3] In many places of United States, such as Chicago, Brooklyn (New York), and South Dearborn (Michigan), the first Yemeni entrepreneurs were owners of cafes and liquor stores. However, these companies are not characteristic of Yemeni culture, and it is likely that they have been owners of cafes under the influence of Lebanese and Palestinian communities longer.[4]
Many Yemeni also worked in factories in the Midwest and on farms in the San Joaquin Valley in California. Thus as in factory workers in Detroit, Canton, Weirton, and Buffalo. Since the Great Depression of 29 and until 1945, end of World War II, Yemeni immigration to United States slowed dramatically, increasing from this year (1945). In 1945, many Yemenis emigrated to United States from Vietnam, where many Yemenis had worked in warehouses, shops, and on the docks. Many Yemeni immigrants had the status of illiterate, already that not knew literate in Arab, that was their mother tongue. Because to this they could bypass regulations and were admitted. When in 1965 the quota system for immigration was eliminated, Yemenis could more easily gain visas to reside in the U.S. and get a job in this country, prompting a great increase in the numbers of Yemenis immigrants. Another feature of Yemeni immigrants in the U.S. is that in the years of immigration that occurred to 1970, nearly all immigrants from Yemen were adult males.[3]
Demography
Although the overwhelming majority of Yemeni Americans are Muslim, there are also some American Jews of Yemeni ancestry, mostly whose parents or ancestors came to the U.S. via Israel. Significant Yemeni communities exist in Brooklyn, New York; Buffalo, New York; Lackawanna, New York; Dearborn, Michigan; Hamtramck, Michigan; Falls Church, Virginia; Chicago, Illinois; Bakersfield, California; Oakland, California and Fresno, California. About 15,000 Yemeni Americans live in Michigan. A significant population of Yemeni Americans live in the southside of Dearborn (Salina area). A few Yemenis had arrived in Michigan around 1900 but a much larger group came to work in the Ford Motor Company's Rouge Plant in the 1920s.[5] Immigration to Michigan is still occurring. A survery of Arab Americans in the Detroit area after 9/11 found that Yemenis made up 9% of the area's Arab population and that Yemenis had the largest families, the lowest rate of business ownership (3% compared to 20% for other Arab groups), and a high rate of employment in "trades" as opposed to services, administration, professional or sales (43 percent in trades compared to 7 to 17 percent for other Arabs groups).[6] Anthropologist Loukia K. Sarroub while investigating the Dearborn Yemeni culture through the perspective of 6 high-school age girls noted that the community was "a ghetto-like enclave of Dearborn" and a "'Yemeni village' in the United States" where "this community continued to live much as they did in Yemen".[7]
There is an estimated 35,000-50,000 Yemenis living in the United States as of 2010.
Sally Howell, author of Howell, "Competing for Muslims: New Strategies for Urban Renewal in Detroit", wrote that Yemeni people had a presence in the Metro Detroit area since the late 1960s and "they have participated more actively in transnational practices than have other Arab Americans".[8]
Language and religion
Yemeni Americans speak both English and Arabic. They speak many different dialects of Arabic, including: Sanaani or Northern Yemeni dialect, Ta'izzi-Adeni or Southern Yemeni dialect, Hadrami dialect, Mehri dialect, and Judeo-Yemeni dialect. Most of them are Muslim.[3]
Media and Organizations
The Yemeni American Net was established in June 2007 as a web-site dedicated to bring a view to the world on the Yemeni Americans. One year later, a newspaper was established as the Yemeni American nNews. The American Association of Yemeni Scientists and Professionals promotes Yemenis in technical fields and provides a college scholarship program.[9] The Yemeni American Association and the Yemeni American Benevolent Association also provide scholarships.[10][11]
See also
References
Notes
- ↑ "CITIZENSHIP STATUS IN THE UNITED STATES: Total population in the United States, 2006-2010 American Community Survey Selected Population Tables". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- ↑ "PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES, Universe: Foreign-born population excluding population born at sea, 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- 1 2 3 Everyculture:Yemeni Americans
- ↑ Manfred Wenner. "Encyclopedia of Chicago: Yemeni". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
- ↑ The Detroit Arab American Community, Arab Detroit, 2011
- ↑ PRELIMINARY FINDINGS FROM THE DETROIT ARAB AMERICAN STUDY, Wayne Baker, Sally Howell, Amaney Jamal, Ann Chih Lin, Andrew Shryock, Ron Stockton, Mark Tessler, University of Michigan, July 4, 2004
- ↑ All American Yemeni Girls Being Muslim in a Public School, Loukia K. Sarroub, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005
- ↑ Howell, p. 210.
- ↑ American Association of Yemeni Scientists and Professionals, website, 2011
- ↑ Arab American Scholarships, American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, 2011
- ↑ Yemeni Americans Pillar of Support for Michigan Community, M. Scott Bortot, U.S. Embassy in Belgium, 10 March 2011
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1 The U.S. Census Bureau considers Afghanistan a South Asian country, but does not classify Afghan Americans as Asian, but as Middle Eastern American. |
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1 The U.S. Census Bureau definition of Asians refers to a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent.
2 The United States Government classified Kalmyks as Asian until 1951, when Kalmyk Americans were reclassified as White Americans.
3 The U.S. Census Bureau considers Mongolians and Uzbeks as Central Asians, but a specific Central Asian American group similar to Middle Eastern American does not yet exist.
4 The U.S. Census Bureau reclassifies anyone identifying as "Tibetan American" as "Chinese American".
5 Bengali Americans may be classified as Bangladeshi or Indian. Punjabi Americans may be classified as Indian or Pakistani. Tamil Americans may be classified as Indian or Sri Lankan. |
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