(N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

(N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
Identifiers
EC number	2.4.1.92
CAS number	67338-98-1
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

(N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.92, uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-ganglioside GM3 acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, ganglioside GM2 synthase, ganglioside GM3 acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, GM2 synthase, UDP acetylgalactosamine-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide 1,4-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine GM3 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosylceramide acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-hematoside acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, GM2/GD2-synthase, beta-1,4N-aetylgalactosaminyltransferase, asialo-GM2 synthase, GalNAc-T, UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:1-O-(O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-ceramide 4-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase.^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]} This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide $\rightleftharpoons$ UDP + 1-O-[O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide

This enzyme catalyses the formation of the gangliosides (i.e. sialic-acid-containing glycosphingolipids) GM2, GD2 and SM2 from GM3, GD3 and SM3, respectively.

References

1. Dicesare, J.L. and Dain, J.A. (1971). "The enzymic synthesis of ganglioside. IV. UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: (N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosyl ceramide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in rat brain". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 231: 385–393. doi:10.1016/0005-2760(71)90151-2. PMID 5554906.
2. Pohlentz, G., Klein, D., Schwarzmann, G., Schmitz, D. and Sandhoff, K. (1988). "Both GA2, GM2, and GD2 synthases and GM1b, GD1a, and GT1b synthases are single enzymes in Golgi vesicles from rat liver". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 7044–7048. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.19.7044. PMID 3140234.
3. Kazuya, I.-P., Hidari, J.K., Ichikawa, S., Furukawa, K., Yamasaki, M. and Hirabayashi, Y. (1994). "β1-4N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase can synthesize both asialoglycosphingolipid GM2 and glycosphingolipid GM2 in vitro and in vivo: isolation and characterization of a β1-4N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase cDNA clone from rat ascites hepatoma cell line AH7974F". Biochem. J. 303: 957–965. PMID 7980468.
4. Hashimoto, Y., Sekine, M., Iwasaki, K. and Suzuki, A. (1993). "Purification and characterization of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine G_M3/G_D3 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from mouse liver". J. Biol. Chem. 268: 25857–25864. PMID 8245020.
5. Nagai, K. and Ishizuka, I. (1987). "Biosynthesis of monosulfogangliotriaosylceramide and GM2 by N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from rat brain". J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 101: 1115–1127. PMID 3115968.
6. Furukawa, K., Takamiya, K. and Furukawa, K. (2002). "β1,4-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase—GM2/GD2 synthase: a key enzyme to control the synthesis of brain-enriched complex gangliosides". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1573: 356–362. doi:10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00403-8. PMID 12417418.
7. Yamashita, T., Wu, Y.P., Sandhoff, R., Werth, N., Mizukami, H., Ellis, J.M., Dupree, J.L., Geyer, R., Sandhoff, K. and Proia, R.L. (2005). "Interruption of ganglioside synthesis produces central nervous system degeneration and altered axon-glial interactions". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 2725–2730. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407785102. PMID 15710896.

External links

• (N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)