Football Battalion

17th (Service) Battalion, Middlesex Regiment

Recruitment poster featuring the Football Battalion
Active 12 December 1914
Country  United Kingdom
Branch  British Army
Type Battalion
Role Infantry
Size 600 troops
Nickname(s) "The Football Battalion"
"1st Football"

The 17th (Service) Battalion, Middlesex Regiment was an infantry battalion of the Middlesex Regiment, part of the British Army, which was formed as a Pals battalion during the Great War. The core of the battalion was a group of professional footballers, which was the reason for its most commonly used name, The Football Battalion. The 23rd (Service) Battalion, Middlesex Regiment was formed in June 1915 and became known as the 2nd Football Battalion.[1] The battalions fought in the Battle of the Somme in 1916 amongst others, and soldiers who fought for the 17th included Second Lieutenant Walter Tull, who was the first black Infantry Officer in the British Army.

History

17th (Service Battalion)

During the First World War there had been an initial push by clubs for professional football to continue, in order to keep the public's spirits up.[2] This stance was not widely agreed with and public opinion turned against professional footballers. One soldier, serving in France, wrote to a British newspaper to complain that "hundreds of thousands of able-bodied young roughs were watching hirelings playing football" while others were serving their country. The suggestion was even made that King George V should cease being a patron of The Football Association.[3] Sir Arthur Conan Doyle publicly objected and appealed for footballers to volunteer for service, saying "If a footballer has strength of limb, let them serve and march in the field of battle".[2]

William Joynson-Hicks formed the battalion on 12 December 1914 at Fulham town hall after Secretary of State for War, Lord Kitchener, suggested it as part of the Pals battalion scheme.[3][4] England international Frank Buckley became the first player to join,[2] out of thirty players who signed up at its formation.[3] The formation was announced to the general public on 1 January 1915.[5]

During training, the players were allowed leave on a Saturday to return to their clubs to take part in games. However, the clubs found themselves having to subsidise the train fares as the Army did not pay for them.[3]

By the following March, 122 professional footballers had signed up for the battalion, which led to press complaints as there were some 1800 eligible footballers.[4] These recruits included the whole of Clapton Orient (later to be known as Leyton Orient) – the entire Heart of Midlothian team had signed up prior to the formation of the battalion.[2] In addition to footballers, officials and referees also joined the 17th, along with football fans themselves.[3] Many football players deliberately chose to avoid the battalion by joining other regiments, causing the War Office to initially have difficulties filling the battalion.[3]

A number of decorations were issued to the soldiers with the battalion. Lyndon Sandoe, of Cardiff City, was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal with bar, and the Military Medal.[3] Northampton Town's Walter Tull was recommended for the Military Cross during the war, and became the first Black Infantry Officer in the British Army.[6] The battalion suffered heavy losses, including at the Battle of Delville Wood and the Battle of Guillemont during the Battle of the Somme.[7] During the First World War, the battalion lost more than a thousand men, including 462 in one battle alone at the Battle of Arras in 1917.[4]

23rd (Service Battalion)

The 23rd (Service) Battalion was formed in June 1915.[1] Former Tottenham Hotspur and Clapton Orient footballer Alan Haig-Brown was appointed commanding officer in September 1916.[8]

Legacy

A memorial to the Football Battalion was unveiled in 2010 in Longueval, France. It was attended by members of the Football Supporters' Federation and representatives of more than 20 clubs. It had been paid for through donations received from football supporters having been promoted by former professional footballer and SAS soldier Phil Stant.[9] The ceremony was conducted by Father Owen Beament of Millwall, and a two-minute silence was started by Gareth Ainsworth.[10]

A granite memorial to the three Clapton Orient players who died in the Battle of the Somme whilst members of the battalion was unveiled in 2011, located in Northern France. Over 200 Leyton Orient supporters travelled for the unveiling, which commemorated the lives of Richard McFadden, William Jonas and George Scott.[11]

Key

Playing positions

GK Goalkeeper RB Right back RW Right winger DF Defender HB Half back IF Inside forward DM Defensive midfielder
OL Outside left LB Left back LW Left winger CB Centre back FW Forward FB Full back RM Right midfielder
W Winger MF Midfielder ST Striker WH Wing half AM Attacking midfielder CM Central midfielder LM Left midfielder
U Utility player OR Outside right SW Sweeper LH Left half RH Right half

Soldiers

Officers

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Rank NameNationalityPosition Club prior to enlistmentBattalion(s) Wartime death date Wartime death place Decorations Notes Ref
Lt Col Haig-Brown, AlanAlan Haig-Brown  England OR Clapton Orient 23rd 25 March 1918(1918-03-25) (aged 40) Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France DSO, MiD [nb 1] [8]
Maj Buckley, FrankFrank Buckley  England DF Bradford City 17th — — — [2]
Cpt Barnfather, PercyPercy Barnfather  England WH Croydon Common 17th — — MC [12]
Cpt Bell, EdwardEdward Bell  England OF South Farnborough 17th 24 March 1918(1918-03-24) (aged 31–32) Somme, France MC and Bar [nb 2] [9]
Cpt Woodward, VivianVivian Woodward  England CF Chelsea17th — — — [13]
2nd Lt Tull, WalterWalter Tull  England IF/HB Northampton Town 23rd, 17th 25 March 1918(1918-03-25) (aged 29) Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France MiD [nb 3] [14]

Senior non-commissioned officers

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Rank NameNationalityPosition Club prior to enlistmentBattalion(s) Wartime death date Wartime death place Decorations Notes Ref
CSM McFadden, RichardRichard McFadden  Scotland FW Clapton Orient 17th 23 October 1916(1916-10-23) (aged 26–27) Somme, France MM [15]
CSM Smith, JoeJoe Smith  England HB Chesterfield17th 13 November 1916(1916-11-13) (aged 26–27) Pas-de-Calais, France MiD [16]
CSM Lyndon Sandoe  Wales FB Cardiff City 17th — — DCM and Bar, MM [3]
CSgt Bartholomew, FredFred Bartholomew  England OR Reading 17th — — — [17]
CSgt Parker, FredFred Parker  England FW Clapton Orient 17th — — — [18]
Sgt Baker, WilliamWilliam Baker  England WH Plymouth Argyle 17th 22 October 1916(1916-10-22) (aged 32–33) Somme, France MM [19]
Sgt Coquet, ErnieErnie Coquet  England FB Fulham 17th — — — [20]
Sgt Dalrymple, RobertRobert Dalrymple  Scotland IF Clapton Orient 17th — — — [21]
Sgt Evans, NolanNolan Evans  England LB Clapton Orient 17th — — — [22]
Sgt Gibson, HarryHarry Gibson  England LH Clapton Orient 17th — — — [nb 4] [23]
Sgt Goodwin, FredFred Goodwin  England OL Exeter City 17th — — — [24]
Sgt Hanney, TedTed Hanney  England CH Manchester City 17th — — — [25]
Sgt McCormick, JimmyJimmy McCormick  England RH Plymouth Argyle 17th — — — [nb 5] [26]
Sgt Mercer, JoeJoe Mercer  England CH Nottingham Forest 17th — — — [nb 5] [27]
Sgt Morris, SamSam Morris  England WH Bristol Rovers 17th — — — [28]
Sgt Charles Stewart  England IF Croydon Common 17th — — — [29]
Sgt Wood, NormanNorman Wood  England IL Stockport County 17th 28 July 1916(1916-07-28) (aged 26–27) Delville Wood, France — [30]
Sgt Woodward, MauriceMaurice Woodward  England HB/LB Southend United 17th — — — [31]
Act Sgt Keenor, FredFred Keenor  Wales DF Cardiff City 17th — — — [nb 6] [32]
Lce Sgt Cock, JackJack Cock  England CF Huddersfield Town 17th — — — [nb 6] [33]

Junior non-commissioned officers

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Rank NameNationalityPosition Club prior to enlistmentBattalion(s) Wartime death date Wartime death place Decorations Notes Ref
Cpl Butler, BenBen Butler  England CH Queens Park Rangers 17th 13 May 1916(1916-05-13) (aged 27–28) Bruay-la-Buissière, France — [34]
Cpl Doran, JackJack Doran Ireland Ireland CF Coventry City 17th — — MM [35]
Cpl Ford, GeorgeGeorge Ford  England LB Woolwich Arsenal 17th — — — [36]
Cpl David Gray  Scotland FW St Mirren 17th — — — [28]
Cpl Hugall, JimmyJimmy Hugall  England GK Clapton Orient 17th — — — [nb 7] [37]
Cpl Pyke, GeorgeGeorge Pyke  England CF Newcastle United 17th — — — [38]
Cpl Roe, ArthurArthur Roe  England HB Luton Town 17th — — — [39]
Cpl George Saunders n/a n/a Clapton Orient 17th — — — [40]
Cpl Spittle, BillyBilly Spittle  England IF Woolwich Arsenal 17th — — — [41]
Cpl Turnbull, SandySandy Turnbull  Scotland IF Manchester United 23rd 3 May 1917(1917-05-03) (aged 32) Chérisy, France — [nb 8] [42]
Act Cpl William Krug  England GK Chelsea 17th — — — [43]
Lce Cpl Joe Bailey  England FW Reading 17th — — DSO, MC and Two Bars, MiD [nb 9]
[nb 10]		 [44]
Lce Cpl Bell, CharlieCharlie Bell  Scotland FW Chesterfield 17th — — — [45]
Lce Cpl Bullock, FredFred Bullock  England DF Huddersfield Town 17th — — — [46]
Lce Cpl Bunyan, Sr., CharlesCharles Bunyan, Sr.  England GK Standard Liège (manager) 17th — — — [47]
Lce Cpl Herbert Dersley  England n/a Croydon Common 17th 1 June 1916 (age unknown) Pas-de-Calais, France — [48]
Lce Cpl Edward Foord  England n/a Chelsea 17th — — — [nb 6] [46]
Lce Cpl Gallacher, PatPat Gallacher  Scotland n/a Ton Pentre 17th, 23rd — — — [nb 6]
[nb 11]		 [49]
Lce Cpl Holmes, NormanNorman Holmes  England DF Clapton Orient 17th — — — [nb 12] [50]
Lce Cpl Robert Houston n/a n/a Woolwich Arsenal 17th — — — [51]
Lce Cpl Tom Pearson n/a n/a Clapton Orient 17th — — — [nb 13] [52]
Lce Cpl Henry Pennifer  England n/a Queens Park Rangers 17th 24 March 1918 (age unknown) Somme, France — [nb 6]
[nb 8]		 [53]
Lce Cpl Wheelhouse, SidneySidney Wheelhouse  England RB Grimsby Town 17th 19 September 1916(1916-09-19) (aged 27–28) Somme, France — [54]

Ranks

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Rank NameNationalityPosition Club prior to enlistmentBattalion(s) Wartime death date Wartime death place Decorations Notes Ref
Pte Charles Abbs n/a n/a Norwich City 17th — — — [nb 5] [55]
Pte Barber, TommyTommy Barber  England HB/IL Aston Villa 17th — — — [56]
Pte Jasper Batey  England LH Brighton & Hove Albion 17th 23 October 1916(1916-10-23) (aged 25) Pas-de-Calais, France — [nb 8] [57]
Pte Beech, GeorgeGeorge Beech  England LB Brighton & Hove Albion 17th — — — [58]
Pte Booth, BillyBilly Booth  England CH Brighton & Hove Albion 17th — — — [59]
Pte Borthwick, JackJack Borthwick  Scotland CH Millwall Athletic 17th — — — [60]
Pte Bowler, GeorgeGeorge Bowler  England RH Tottenham Hotspur 17th — — — [61]
Pte James Bowler  England DF Crystal Palace 17th — — — [62]
Pte Chalmers, DavidDavid Chalmers  Scotland CF Grimsby Town 17th — — — [63]
Pte Codd, TommyTommy Codd  England OL Leicester Fosse 17th — — — [64]
Pte Coleman, TimTim Coleman  England FW Nottingham Forest 17th — — — [65]
Pte Crowther, GeorgeGeorge Crowther  England FW Hurst 17th — — — [66]
Pte William Daley  England n/a Chelsea 17th 8 August 1916(1916-08-08) (aged 30–31) Guillemont, France — [67]
Pte Charles Dexter  England FB Brighton & Hove Albion 17th 27 June 1917(1917-06-27) (aged 26–27) Derby, England — [nb 14] [68]
Pte Dunn, JohnJohn Dunn  England IR Luton Town 17th — — — [nb 15] [69]
Pte Dodds, JackJack Dodds  England FW Oldham Athletic 17th — — — [46]
Pte Durston, JackJack Durston  England GK Queens Park Rangers 17th — — — [70]
Pte Fidler, JoeJoe Fidler  England FB Port Vale 17th — — — [71]
Pte Foster, AllenAllen Foster  England IF Reading 17th 8 August 1916(1916-08-08) (aged 28–29) Corbie, France — [72]
Pte Frith, RobertRobert Frith  England HB Luton Town 17th — — — [nb 15] [73]
Pte Hugh Gallacher  Scotland CF Bristol Rovers 17th — — — [28]
Pte Gerrish, BillyBilly Gerrish  England IF Unattached 17th 8 August 1916(1916-08-08) (aged 31) Delville Wood, France — [74]
n/a David Girdwood n/a n/a Chelsea 17th — — — [46]
Pte Charles Green n/a n/a Millwall Athletic 17th 28 April 1917 (aged 35) Oppy Wood, France — [75]
Pte Gregson, AlfAlf Gregson  England FW Grimsby Town 17th — — — [76]
Pte Holmes, AlbertAlbert Holmes  England OL Coventry City 17th — — — [77]
Pte Henry Hogarth n/a HB Burnley 17th — — — [28]
Pte Humphreys, PercyPercy Humphreys  England IR FC Basel (manager) 17th — — — [nb 15] [78]
Pte Hunter n/a FW Gainsborough Trinity 17th — — — [79]
Pte Iremonger, HarryHarry Iremonger  England GK Nottingham Forest 17th — — — [80]
Pte Jonas, WilliamWilliam Jonas  England FW Clapton Orient17th 27 July 1916(1916-07-27) (aged 25) Delville Wood, France — [40]
Pte Jones, BillyBilly Jones  England CF Brighton & Hove Albion 17th — — — [58]
Pte David Kenney  Scotland n/a Grimsby Town 17th — — — [76]
Pte Lamb, JohnJohn Lamb  England HB The Wednesday 17th — — — [71]
Pte Lindley, FrankFrank Lindley  England OR Luton Town 17th — — — [81]
Pte Linkson, OscarOscar Linkson  England FB Shelbourne 17th 8 August 1916(1916-08-08) (aged 28) Somme, France — [82]
Pte Lonsdale, TommyTommy Lonsdale  England GK West Ham United 17th — — — [83]
Pte Martin, FrankFrank Martin  England DF Grimsby Town 17th — — — [76]
Pte McKenna, TomTom McKenna Ireland Ireland FB Grimsby Town 17th — — — [63]
Pte McLauchlan, JoeJoe McLauchlan  Scotland CF Watford 17th — — — [84]
Pte Middleton, BillyBilly Middleton  England FW Crystal Palace 17th — — — [85]
Pte Mounteney, ArthurArthur Mounteney  England IF Hinckley Athletic 17th — — — [64]
Pte Needham, ArchieArchie Needham  England U Brighton & Hove Albion 17th — — — [86]
Pte Newton, ThomasThomas Newton  England GK Croydon Common 17th — — — [nb 5] [87]
Pte Nixon, WilfWilf Nixon  England GK Fulham 17th — — — [nb 5] [88]
Pte John Nuttall  England n/a Millwall Athletic 17th — — — [89]
Pte Oliver, WilliamWilliam Oliver  England OL Tottenham Hotspur 17th — — — [90]
Pte Orme, JosephJoseph Orme  England GK Millwall Athletic 17th — — — [91]
Pte Poulton, AlonzoAlonzo Poulton  England IR West Bromwich Albion 17th — — — [92]
Pte Thomas Ratcliff n/a n/a Woolwich Arsenal (trainer) 17th — — — [46]
Pte Joseph Raw n/a FB Clapton Orient 17th — — — [93]
Pte Harry Reason  England n/a Clapton Orient 17th — — — [94]
Pte William Reed  England CF Brighton & Hove Albion 17th — — — [95]
Pte Ripley, StanStan Ripley  England HB Stoke City 17th 10 March 1917(1917-03-10) (aged 23–24) Sunderland, England — [nb 8] [28]
Pte Roberts, HughHugh Roberts  Wales OR Luton Town 17th — — — [96]
Pte Robertson, GeorgeGeorge Robertson  Scotland LH/IL Birmingham 17th — — — [28]
Pte Robotham, HarryHarry Robotham  England RH Retired 23rd 12 September 1916(1916-09-12) (aged 37) Somme, France — [97]
n/a Robson, FredFred Robson  England FB Southend United 17th — — — [46]
Pte Roney, PeterPeter Roney  Scotland GK Bristol Rovers 17th — — — [98]
Pte Ralph Routledge  England n/a Brighton & Hove Albion 17th — — — [46]
Pte Ernest Russ n/a n/a Chelsea 17th — — — [99]
Pte Scott, GeorgeGeorge Scott  England CH Clapton Orient 17th 16 August 1916(1916-08-16) (aged 30) Nord, France — [nb 5] [100]
Pte Seed, AngusAngus Seed  England RB Leicester Fosse 17th — — MM [64]
Pte Sheldon, JackieJackie Sheldon  England OR Liverpool 17th — — — [101]
Pte Simms, ErnieErnie Simms  England CF Luton Town 17th, 23rd — — — [102]
Pte Smith, CyrilCyril Smith  Wales IL Croydon Common 17th, 23rd — — — [103]
Pte Frank Spencer n/a FB Brighton & Hove Albion 17th — — — [46]
Pte John Stephenson n/a GK Cardiff City 17th — — — [79]
Pte Stephenson, WilliamWilliam Stephenson  England RB Wingate Albion 17th — — — [104]
Pte Alexander Stewart  Scotland FB Watford 17th — — — [105]
Pte Summers, PercyPercy Summers  England GK Grimsby Town 17th — — — [63]
Pte Frank Taylor n/a n/a Northampton Town 17th — — — [106]
Pte Tilley, ArthurArthur Tilley  England OR Clapton Orient 17th, 23rd — — — [nb 15] [107]
Pte Albert Tomkins  England HB/IF Croydon Common 17th — — — [108]
Pte Alfred Tyler  England OL Brighton & Hove Albion 17th — — — [109]
Pte Upex, DickDick Upex  England IL Croydon Common 17th — — — [110]
Pte Webster, JoeJoe Webster  England GK West Ham United 17th — — — [111]
Pte West, AlfAlf West  England FB Notts County 17th — — — [112]
Pte Whiting, BobBob Whiting  England GK Brighton & Hove Albion 17th 28 April 1917(1917-04-28) (aged 34) Oppy Wood, France — [nb 16] [75]
Pte Whittaker, FredFred Whittaker  England FW Millwall Athletic 17th — — — [113]
Pte Whitworth, GeorgeGeorge Whitworth  England CF Northampton Town 17th — — — [114]
Pte Wileman, ArthurArthur Wileman  England IR Luton Town 17th 28 April 1918(1918-04-28) (aged 31–32) West Flanders, Belgium MM [nb 8]
[nb 10]		 [115]
Pte Williams, JamesJames Williams  Wales FW Millwall Athletic 17th 5 June 1916(1916-06-05) (aged 32) Pas-de-Calais, France — [3]
n/a Williams, SkillySkilly Williams  England GK Watford 17th — — — [116]
Pte Williamson, ErnestErnest Williamson  England GK Croydon Common 17th — — — [nb 15] [117]
Pte T.T. Wilson n/a HB Luton Town 17th — — — [118]
Pte Woodhouse, JackJack Woodhouse  England HB Brighton & Hove Albion 17th — — — [75]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Appointed commanding officer of the 23rd Battalion on 16 September 1916.
  2. ↑ Also served as the battalion's adjutant.
  3. ↑ Served in the 17th Battalion prior to being commissioned into the 23rd Battalion on 4 August 1917.
  4. ↑ Served in the 17th Battalion prior to being commissioned into the Royal Guernsey Light Infantry on 24 August 1918.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Taken prisoner of war.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Appointment, not rank.
  7. ↑ Served in the 17th Battalion prior to being commissioned into the Durham Light Infantry on 24 July 1916.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Died while serving with another unit.
  9. ↑ Served in the 17th Battalion prior to being commissioned into the Royal Norfolk Regiment on 28 August 1917.
  10. 1 2 Decorations were won while serving with another unit.
  11. ↑ Served as trainer of the battalion football team in June 1917.
  12. ↑ Served in the 17th Battalion prior to being commissioned into the 21st Battalion on 25 June 1918.
  13. ↑ Served in the 17th Battalion prior to being commissioned into the Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment) on 28 August 1917.
  14. ↑ Died of septic poisoning.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 Was released/discharged from the army before seeing active service.
  16. ↑ Whiting attained the rank of lance sergeant prior to being demoted to private in December 1916 after a court-martial. He was serving as a private at the time of his death.

References

  1. 1 2 Baker, Chris. "The Middlesex Regiment in 1914-1918". www.1914-1918.net. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Fraser, Alan (9 November 2011). "A reminder of what it's really all about... Officers and men of the 17th Middlesex". The Daily Mail. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Devine, Darren (8 October 2010). "Book tells wartime story of the 17th Middlesex – the "Football Battalion"". Western Mail. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 Thomas, Ronan (10 November 2010). "Final Whistle: 'Pom Pom' Whiting". BBC News. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  5. ↑ "Football Battalion is Formed". The Spokesman-Review. XXXIV (70). 5 January 1915. p. 2. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  6. ↑ "Walter Tull – the Army years" (PDF). Black History 4 School. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  7. ↑ "The Manchester United star who died at the Somme – story of a true football hero". Daily Mirror. 13 November 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  8. 1 2 "Lancing College War Memorial". www.hambo.org. Retrieved 2016-01-08.
  9. 1 2 Winter, Henry (21 October 2010). "Footballers' Battalions remembered on Somme battlefield". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  10. ↑ Fletcher, Paul (22 October 2010). "Somme ceremony puts football in perspective". BBC Blogs. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  11. ↑ Clements, Kate (22 July 2011). "Memorial to the ‘Football Battalion’ unveiled on the Somme". First World War Centenary (Imperial War Museum). Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  12. ↑ http://www.zen139857.zen.co.uk/BARNFATHER_Percy.pdf
  13. ↑ "Vivian Woodward | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  14. ↑ "Walter Tull | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  15. ↑ "Richard McFadden | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  16. ↑ Manchester, Reading Room. "CWGC - Casualty Details". www.cwgc.org. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  17. ↑ "Frederick Bartholomew | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  18. ↑ "Frederick William Parker | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  19. ↑ "William James Baker | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  20. ↑ "Ernest Coquet | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-25.
  21. ↑ "Robert Rodie Dalrymple | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  22. ↑ "Nolan Edwin Evans | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  23. ↑ "Harold Thomas Gibson | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  24. ↑ Greer, Stuart. "Macclesfield footballer's tour of South America featured in online exhibition". macclesfield. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  25. ↑ "Ted Hanney - Manchester City and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
  26. ↑ "James McCormick | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
  27. ↑ http://www.roydenhistory.co.uk/eportwarmemorial/pows/mercer_joe/joemercer.pdf
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Riddoch & Kemp 2010, p. 53.
  29. ↑ http://www.zen139857.zen.co.uk/STEWART_Charles_Harold.pdf
  30. ↑ http://www.zen139857.zen.co.uk/WOOD_Norman_Arthur.pdf
  31. ↑ City, Leicester. "Leicester Fosse And The First World War: Part 21". www.lcfc.com. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
  32. ↑ "Frederick Charles Keenor | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
  33. ↑ "John Gilbert Cock | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  34. ↑ "Albert Victor Butler | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  35. ↑ "John Francis Doran | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  36. ↑ "George Ford - Arsenal and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-25.
  37. ↑ "James Cockburn Hugall | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  38. ↑ "George Woolston Pyke | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
  39. ↑ "Lance Corporal Arthur Roe | Great War Stories". www.worldwar1luton.com. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
  40. 1 2 Jenkins, Steve (5 August 2011). "Clapton Orient's "Brothers In Arms"". leytonorient.com (Leyton Orient F.C.).
  41. ↑ "Memorial will honour Leicester footballers who served in First World War". Leicester Mercury. Retrieved 2015-12-15.
  42. ↑ "The Story of Sandy Turnbull - A Manchester Football Hero". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
  43. ↑ "William Alfred Krug | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
  44. ↑ "Home". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  45. ↑ "The Manager Issue 22". www.themanager-magazine.com. pp. 17–18. Retrieved 2015-12-15.
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "The Story of the Footballers' Battalions in the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2015-12-12.
  47. ↑ "Sky is Blue - Charlie Bunyan". www.cfchistory.com. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  48. ↑ Harris, Clive; Whippy, Julian (2008-09-22). The Greater Game: Sporting Icons Who Fell in The Great War. Pen and Sword. p. 172. ISBN 9781783831449.
  49. ↑ "Patrick Gallacher | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  50. ↑ "Norman Arnold Holmes | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  51. ↑ Riddoch & Kemp 2010, p. 297.
  52. ↑ "Thomas Henry Pearson | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
  53. ↑ "Henry John Pennifer | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
  54. ↑ "Sid Wheelhouse - Grimsby Town and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  55. ↑ emilysarah2012. "What can service records reveal?". Norfolk in World War One. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  56. ↑ "Tom Barber Aston Villa". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  57. ↑ "Jasper Matthews Batey | Service Record | Football and the First World War". Football and the First World War. Retrieved 2016-02-26.
  58. 1 2 "Match fit and ready to fight for their country". The Northern Echo. Retrieved 2015-12-12.
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