2009 in paleontology

List of years in paleontology
In science
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
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Important taxa described (but not necessarily validly named) in 2009

Paleontology, palaeontology or [palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2009.

Arthropods

Cephalopods

Three new species of extinct Octopoda discovered in 2009. The species – Keuppia hyperbolaris, Keuppia levante, and Styletoctopus annae – lived about 95 million years ago, and bear a strong resemblance to modern octopuses, suggesting that the Octopoda order has remained relatively unchanged for tens of millions of years. The fossils included evidence of arms, muscles, rows of suckers, ink, and internal gills. The discovery was made by a team led by Dirk Fuchs of the Freie University, which is located at Berlin, Germany.[2] The fossils were found at Hakel and Hadjoula, Lebanon.[3] Various new ammonoid taxa were named, including Ivoites.

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Keuppia[4]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Fuchs, Bracchi, & Weis

Upper Cenomanian

 Lebanon

Styletoctopus[4]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Fuchs, Bracchi, & Weis

Upper Cenomanian

 Lebanon

Ivoites[5]

gen nov

Valid

De Baets, Klug, & Korn

Lower Emsian

 Germany

Bony fish

Newly named Tetrapodomoprhs
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images
Aphanius yerevanicus[6]

Valid

  • Vasilyan
  • Reichenbacher
  • Carnevale

Late Miocene

 Armenia

A pupfish, a species of Aphanius.
Eophryne[7]

Valid

  • Carnevale
  • Pietsch

Eocene (late Ypresian)

Monte Bolca locality

 Italy

A frogfish. The type species is Eophryne barbutii.
Heddleichthys[8]

Valid

  • Snitting

Famennian (Late Devonian)

Dura Den Formation

 Scotland

Hendrixella[9]

Valid

  • Bannikov
  • Carnevale

Eocene (late Ypresian)

Monte Bolca locality

 Italy

A member of Percoidei of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Hendrixella grandei.
Langlieria[10]

Valid

  • Clément
  • Snitting
  • Ahlberg

Famennian (Late Devonian)

Evieux Formation

 Belgium

A new species of late Maastrichtian bony fish (Ichthyodectiformes: Saurocephalus) from Jordan, Saurocephalus longicorpus described by Kaddumi (2009)

A new species of late Maastrichtian bony fish (Aulopiformes: Enchodontidae) from Jordan, Enchodus harranaensis described by Kaddumi (2009)

Reference: Kaddumi, H. F. 2009. Fossils of the Harrana Fauna and the Adjacent Areas. Publications of the Etrnal Rive Museum of Natural History, Amman. 324 pp.

Amphibians

Newly named amphibians

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Cratia[11]

Valid

  • Báez
  • Moura
  • Gómez

Lower Cretaceous

Crato Formation

 Brazil

Possible stem neobatrachian

Eurycephalella[11]

Valid

  • Báez
  • Moura
  • Gómez

Lower Cretaceous

Crato Formation

 Brazil

A hyloid

Nannaroter[12]

Valid

Early Permian

 USA

The smallest known ostodolepid microsaur

Nesovtriton[13]

Valid

  • Skutschas

Turonian

Bissekty Formation

 Uzbekistan

A cryptobranchoid salamander

Regalerpeton[14]

Valid

Early Cretaceous

Huajiying Formation

 China

A cryptobranchoid salamander

Spinarerpeton[15]

Valid

  • Klembara

Early Permian

Boskovice Furrow

 Czech Republic

A discosauriscid seymouriamorph

Basal reptiles

Newly named basal reptiles

Name Status Authors Discovery year Age Unit Location Notes Images

Australothyris[16]

Valid

Middle Permian

Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone

 South Africa

A basal parareptile

Procolina[17]

Valid

  • Borsuk−Białynicka
  • Lubka

early Late Olenekian

Czatkowice 1

 Poland

A procolophonine procolophonid

Turtles

Newly named basal turtles

Name Status Authors Discovery year Age Unit Location Notes Images

Angolachelys[18]

Valid

Turonian (Late Cretaceous)

 Angola

Aurorachelys[19]

Valid

Late Cretaceous

Strand Fiord Formation

 Canada

Basilochelys[20]

Valid

Late Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous

Phu Kradung Formation

 Thailand

Cedrobaena[21]

Valid

  • Lyson
  • Joyce

Paleocene

Fort Union Formation

 USA

New genus for "Plesiobaena" putorius Gaffney, 1972

Derrisemys[22]

Junior synonym

  • Hutchison

Early Paleocene

 USA

Junior synonym of Hutchemys.[23]

Eileanchelys[24]

Valid

Middle Jurassic

Kilmaluag Formation

 Scotland

Hutchemys[25]

Valid

  • Joyce
  • Revan
  • Lyson
  • Danilov

Paleocene

Fort Union Formation
Tullock Formation

 USA

A plastomenine softshell turtles

Kinkonychelys[26]

Valid

Late Cretaceous

Maevarano Formation

 Madagascar

Palatobaena cohen[27]

Valid

  • Lyson
  • Joyce

Maastrichtian

Hell Creek Formation

 USA

A baenid

Peckemys[21]

Valid

  • Lyson
  • Joyce

Late Cretaceous

Hell Creek Formation

 USA

A baenid

Plastomenoides[22]

Junior synonym

  • Hutchison

Early Paleocene

 USA

Junior synonym of Hutchemys.[23]

Archosauromorphs

Basal archosauromorphs

Newly named basal archosauromorphs
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Czatkowiella[28]

Valid

  • Borsuk−Białynicka
  • Evans

earliest Late Olenekian

Czatkowice 1

 Poland

A long−necked archosauromorph

Archosaurs

Lepidosauromorphs

Basal lepidosauromorphs

Newly named basal lepidosauromorphs
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Pamelina[29]

Valid

Early Olenekian

Czatkowice 1

 Poland

A basal kuehneosaurid

Sophineta[30]

Valid

  • Evans
  • Borsuk−Białynicka

earliest Late Olenekian

Czatkowice 1

 Poland

A basal lepidosauromorph

Plesiosaurs

Newly named plesiosaurs
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Gallardosaurus[31]

Valid

  • Gasparini

Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)

Jagua Formation

 Cuba

Nichollssaura[32]

Valid

  • Druckenmiller
  • Russell

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

Clearwater Formation

 Canada

Replacement name for Nichollsia Druckenmiller & Russell, 2008, preoccupied by an isopod genus Nichollsia Chopra & Tiwari, 1950

Squamates

Newly named squamates
Name Status Authors Notes Images
Titanoboa[33] Valid
  • Head
  • Bloch
  • Hastings
  • Bourque
  • Cadena
  • Herrera
  • Polly
  • Jaramillo

In February, the fossils of 28 individual T. cerrejonensis (Titanoboas) were announced to have been found in the coal mines of Cerrejón, La Guajira, Colombia.[34]

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Protuberum[35]

Valid

  • Reichel
  • Schultz
  • Soares

Middle Triassic (Ladinian)

Santa Maria Formation

 Brazil

Raranimus[36]

Valid

  • Liu
  • Rubidge
  • Li

Middle Permian (Roadian)

Xidagou Formation

 China

Yuanotherium[37]

Valid

  • Hu
  • Meng
  • Clark

Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)

Shishugou Formation

 China

Mammals

Plants

Angiosperms

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Eucalyptolaurus[38]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Coiffard et al.

uppermost Albian-lowermost Cenomanian

Charente-Maritimes

 France

Relevant research in other sciences

Evolutionary biology

Extinction

A study noting the effects of the KT mass extinction on Earth's modern biota is published.[41]

Geology

Ichnology

Paleobiogeography

continental tetrapods of Europe: a review. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 180(1):57-71. doi:10.2113/gssgfbull.180.1.57.

Paleoecology

Footnotes

Complete author list

As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors.

  1. Mateus, Jacobs, Polcyn, Schulp, Vineyard, Neto, Antunes.
  2. Vandermark, Tarduno, Brinkman, Cottrell, Mason.
  3. Tong, Claude, Naksri, Suteethorn, Buffetaut, Khansubba, Wongko, Yuandetkla.
  4. Anquetin, Barrett, Jones, Moore-Fay, Evans.

References

  1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
  2. Rare fossil octopuses found, MSNBC, March 18, 2009
  3. New Octopus from the late Cretaceous of Hakel and Hadjoula, Lebanon, Palaeontology, Volume 52, Issue 1, Pages 65-81
  4. 1 2 Fuchs, D.; Bracchi, G.; Weis, R. (2009). "New Octopods (Cephalopoda: Coleoidea) from the Late Cretaceous (Upper Cenomanian) of Hakel and Hadjoula, Lebanon". Palaeontology 52 (1): 65–81. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00828.x. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
  5. De Baets, K.; Klug, C.; Korn, D. (2009). "Anetoceratinae (Ammonoidea, Early Devonian) from the Eifel and Harz Mountains (Germany), with a revision of their genera". Palaeontology 252 (3): 361–376. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0252-0361. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
  6. Davit Vasilyan, Bettina Reichenbacher and Giorgio Carnevale (2009). "A new fossil Aphanius species from the Upper Miocene of Armenia (Eastern Paratethys)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift 83 (4): 511–519. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0034-4.
  7. Giorgio Carnevale and Theodore W. Pietsch (2009). "An Eocene frogfish from Monte Bolca, Italy: the earliest known skeletal record for the family". Palaeontology 52 (4): 745–752. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00874.x.
  8. Snitting, D. (2009). "Heddleichthys- a new tristichopterid genus from the Dura Den Formation, Midland Valley, Scotland (Famennian, Late Devonian)". Acta Zoologica 90: 273. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00376.x.
  9. Alexandre F. Bannikov and Giorgio Carnevale (2009). "A new percoid fish from the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy: Hendrixella grandei gen. & sp. nov.". Swiss Journal of Geosciences 102 (3): 481–488. doi:10.1007/s00015-009-1331-3.
  10. Clément, G; Snitting, D; Ahlberg, PE (July 2009). "A new Tristichopterid (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha) from the Evieux Formation (Upper Devonian) of Belgium". Palaeontology 52 (4): 823–836. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00876.x.
  11. 1 2 Báez, Ana M.; Moura, Geraldo J.B.; Gómez, Raúl O. (2009). "Anurans from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of northeastern Brazil: implications for the early divergence of neobatrachians". Cretaceous Research 30 (4): 829–846. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.01.002.
  12. Anderson, J.S.; Scott, D.; and Reisz, R.R. (2009). "Nannaroter mckinziei, a new ostodolepid 'microsaur' (Tetrapoda, Lepospondyli, Recumbirostra) from the Early Permian of Richards Spur (Ft. Sill), Oklahoma". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 (2): 379–388. doi:10.1671/039.029.0222.
  13. Skutschas, Pavel P. (2009). "Re-Evaluation of Mynbulakia Nesov, 1981 (Lissamphibia: Caudata) and Description of a New Salamander Genus from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 (3): 659–664. doi:10.1671/039.029.0326. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  14. Zhang, Guilin; Wang, Yuan; Jones, Marc E.H.; Evans, Susan E. (2009). "A new Early Cretaceous salamander (Regalerpeton weichangensis gen. et sp. nov.) from the Huajiying Formation of northeastern China". Cretaceous Research 30 (3): 551–558. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2008.10.004. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  15. Klembara, Jozef (2009). "The skeletal anatomy and relationships of a new discosauriscid seymouriamorph from the lower Permian of Moravia (Czech Republic)". Annals of Carnegie Museum 77 (4): 451–483. doi:10.2992/0097-4463-77.4.451.
  16. Sean P. Modesto, Diane M. Scott, and Robert R. Reisz (2009). "A new parareptile with temporal fenestration from the Middle Permian of South Africa". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 46 (1): 9–20. Bibcode:2009CaJES..46....9M. doi:10.1139/E09-001. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
  17. Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka; and Mariusz Lubka (2009). "Procolophonids from the Early Triassic of Poland" (PDF). Paleontologica Polonica 65: 107–144. Retrieved 12 August 2010..
  18. Octávio Mateus; Louis Jacobs; Michael Polcyn; Anne S. Schulp; Diana Vineyard; André Buta Neto; and Miguel Telles Antunes (2009). "The oldest African eucryptodiran turtle from the Cretaceous of Angola" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 (4): 581–588. doi:10.4202/app.2008.0063. Retrieved 21 June 2010.
  19. Vandermark, D., Tarduno, J.A., Brinkman, D.B., Cottrell, R.D., and Mason, S. (2009). "New Late Cretaceous macrobaenid turtle with Asian affinities from the High Canadian Arctic: dispersal via ice-free polar routes". Geology 37 (2): 183–186. Bibcode:2009Geo....37..183V. doi:10.1130/G25415A.1.
  20. Tong, H.; Claude, J.; Naksri, W.; Suteethorn, V.; Buffetaut, E.; Khansubha, S.; Wongko, K. & Yuangdetkla, P. (2009). "Basilochelys macrobios n. gen. and n. sp., a large cryptodiran turtle from the Phu Kradung Formation (latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous) of the Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand". In: Buffetaut, E.; Cuny, G.; Le Loeuff, J. & Suteethorn, V. (eds.). Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 315: 229-243.
  21. 1 2 Lyson, T.R. and Joyce, W.G. (2009). "A revision of Plesiobaena (Testudinoes: Baenidae) and an assessment of Baenid ecology across the K/T boundary". Journal of Paleontology 83 (6): 833–853. doi:10.1666/09-035.1.
  22. 1 2 John Howard Hutchison (2009). "New soft-shelled turtles (Plastomeninae, Trionychidae, Testudines) from the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene of North America". PaleoBios 29 (2): 36–47. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
  23. 1 2 Walter G. Joyce and Tyler R. Lyson (2011). "New Material of Gilmoremys lancensis nov. comb. (Testudines: Trionychidae) from the Hell Creek Formation and the Diagnosis of Plastomenid Turtles". Journal of Paleontology 85 (3): 442–459. doi:10.1666/10-127.1.
  24. Anquetin, J.; Barrett, P.M.; Jones, M.E.H.; Moore-Fay, S. & Evans, S.E. (2009). "A new stem turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland: new insights into the evolution and palaeoecology of basal turtles". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276 (1658): 879–886. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1429. PMC 2664364. PMID 19019789..
  25. Walter G. Joyce, Ariel Revan, Tyler R. Lyson and Igor G. Danilov (2009). "Two New Plastomenine Softshell Turtles from the Paleocene of Montana and Wyoming" (PDF). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 50 (2): 307–325. doi:10.3374/014.050.0202. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
  26. Gaffney, E.S.; Krause, D.W. and Zalmout, I.S. (2009). "Kinkonychelys, a new side-necked turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar". American Museum Novitates 3662: 1–25. doi:10.1206/672.1.
  27. Lyson, T.R. and Joyce, W.G. (2009). "A New Species of Palatobaena (Testudines: Baenidae) and a Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis of Baenidae". Journal of Paleontology 83 (3): 457–470. doi:10.1666/08-172.1. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
  28. Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka; and Susan E. Evans (2009). "A long−necked archosauromorph from the Early Triassic of Poland" (PDF). Paleontologica Polonica 65: 203–234. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
  29. Susan E. Evans (2009). "An early kuehneosaurid reptile (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Early Triassic of Poland" (PDF). Paleontologica Polonica 65: 145–178. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
  30. Susan E. Evans; and Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka (2009). "A small lepidosauromorph reptile from the Early Triassic of Poland" (PDF). Paleontologica Polonica 65: 179–202. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
  31. Gasparini, Z. (2009). "A New Oxfordian Pliosaurid (Plesiosauria, Pliosauridae) in the Caribbean Seaway". Palaeontology 52 (3): 661–669. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00871.x.
  32. Druckenmiller, P.S.; & Russell, A.P. (2009). "The new plesiosaurian genus Nichollssaura from Alberta, Canada: replacement name for the preoccupied genus Nichollsia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 (1): 276. doi:10.1080/02724634.2009.10010379.
  33. Head, Jason J.; Jonathan I. Bloch, Alexander K. Hastings, Jason R. Bourque, Edwin A. Cadena, Fabiany A. Herrera, P. David Polly, and Carlos A. Jaramillo (2009). "Giant boid snake from the paleocene neotropics reveals hotter past equatorial temperatures". Nature 457 (7230): 715–718. Bibcode:2009Natur.457..715H. doi:10.1038/nature07671. PMID 19194448. Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
  34. Kwok, Roberta (4 February 2009). "Scientists find world's biggest snake". Nature. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-04.
  35. Reichel, M., Schultz, C.L. and Soares, M.B. (2009). "A new traversodontid cynodont (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Middle Triassic Santa Maria Formation of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil". Palaeontology 52 (1): 229–250. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00824.x.
  36. Liu, J., Rubidge, B. and Li, J. (2009). "New basal synapsid supports Laurasian origin for therapsids". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 (3): 393–400. doi:10.4202/app.2008.0071.
  37. Hu, Y., Meng, J. and Clark, J.M. (2009). "A new tritylodontid from the Upper Jurassic of Xinjiang, China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 (3): 385–391. doi:10.4202/app.2008.0053.
  38. Coiffard, C; Gomez, B; Thiébaut, M; Kvácek, J; Thévenard, F; Néraudeau, D (2009). "Intramarginal veined Lauraceae Leaves from the Albian-Cenomanian of Charente-Maritime (western France)". Palaeontology 52 (2): 323–336. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00845.x.
  39. Pradhan, G.R.; Van Schaik, C.P. (2009). "Why do females find ornaments attractive? The coercion-avoidance hypothesis". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 96 (2): 372–382. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01131.x.
  40. Benton, M.J. (2009). "The Red Queen and the Court Jester: species diversity and the role of biotic and abiotic factors through time". Science 323 (5915): 728–732. Bibcode:2009Sci...323..728B. doi:10.1126/science.1157719. PMID 19197051.
  41. Krug, A.Z.; Jablonski, D.; Valentine, J.W. (2009). "Signature of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction in the modern biota". Science 323 (5915): 767–771. Bibcode:2009Sci...323..767K. doi:10.1126/science.1164905. PMID 19197060.
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