2009 in archosaur paleontology

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The year 2009 in Archosaur paleontology was eventful. Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur palaeontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago. The year 2009 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.

This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that have been described during the year 2009, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that occurred in the year 2009.

Crurotarsans

Newly named crurotarsans
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images
Armadillosuchus[1]

Valid

  • Marinho
  • Carvalho

Late Cretaceous

Adamantina Formation

 Brazil

Notosuchian with heavy, armadillo-like body armor consisting of flexible bands and rigid shields

Barcinosuchus[2]

Valid

  • Leardi
  • Pol

Aptian – Albian

Cerro Barcino Formation

 Argentina

A peirosaurid

Collilongus[3]

Valid

  • Borsuk−Białynicka
  • Sennikov

Early Olenekian

Czatkowice 1

 Poland

Possible rauisuchian

Coringasuchus[4]

Valid

Early Cenomanian

Alcântara Formation

 Brazil

Duerosuchus[5]

Valid

  • Santiago
  • Andrés

Middle Eocene

 Spain

Hypselorhachis[6]

Valid

Middle Triassic

Manda Beds

 Tanzania

Possible ctenosauriscid

Kaprosuchus[7]

Valid

Upper Cretaceous

Echkar Formation

 Niger

Unusual large mahajangasuchid with hypertrophied caniniform teeth and posteriorly projecting horns

Kemkemia[8]

Valid

  • Cau & Maganuco

Cenomanian

Kem Kem Beds

 Morocco

Initially identified as a theropod dinosaur,[8] but subsequently discovered to be a crocodyliform.[9]

Khoratosuchus[10]

Valid

Early Cretaceous

 Thailand

Youngest Mesozoic crocodyliform yet known from Thailand

Laganosuchus [7]

Valid

Cenomanian

Echkar Formation
Kem Kem Beds

 Niger
 Morocco

Miadanasuchus [11]

Valid

  • Simons
  • Buckley

Campanian

Maevarano Formation

 Madagascar

A new genus for "Trematochampsa" oblita (Buffetaut & Taquet, 1979)

Morrinhosuchus[12]

Valid

  • Iori
  • Carvalho

Late Cretaceous

Adamantina Formation

 Brazil

Notosuchian from Brazil

Penghusuchus[13]

Valid

Late Miocene

 Taiwan

A tomistomine crocodilian.

Polonosuchus[14]

Valid

Late Carnian

 Poland

A new genus for "Teratosaurus" silesiacus (Sulej, 2005)

Yacarerani [15]

Valid

Late Cretaceous

 Bolivia

Non-avian dinosaurs

Research

Hadrosaur chewing study

A study titled "Quantitative analysis of dental microwear in hadrosaurid dinosaurs, and the implications for hypotheses of jaw mechanics and feeding" is published by British paleontologists Mark Purnell, Paul Barrett and student Vince Williams. The paper examined the chewing methods and diet of hadrosaurid ("duck billed") dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous period. The scientists analyzed hundreds of microscopic scratches on the teeth of a fossilized Edmontosaurus jaw, and believe they determined exactly how a hadrosaur broke down and ate its food, which had previously eluded researchers.

The study found hadrosaurs had a unique way of eating unlike any creature living today. In contrast to a flexible lower jaw joint prevalent in today's mammals, hadrosaurs had a unique hinge between the upper jaws and the rest of its skull. The team found the dinosaur's upper jaws pushed outwards and sideways while chewing, as the lower jaw slid against the upper teeth.

The study also concluded that hadrosaurs likely grazed on horsetails and vegetation close to the ground, rather than browsing higher-growing leaves and twigs. However, Purnell said these conclusions were less secure than the more conclusive evidence regarding the motion of teeth while chewing. Previous studies found contradictory conclusions, and the issue remains a subject of debate.

The findings were published on June 30, 2009 in the journal, The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Purnell said no previous study had ever employed this method of analyzing microscopic teeth scratches, and that the method could be used to study other areas of scientific research.

New taxa

Data courtesy of George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list.[18] ~44 dinosaur genera were erected in 2009.

Name Status Authors Discovery year Age Unit Location Notes Images
Adeopapposaurus[19] Valid
  • Ricardo N. Martínez

Cañón del Colorado Formation

 Argentina

Aerosteon[20] Valid

Rio Colorado Formation

 Argentina

Albalophosaurus [21]

Valid
  • Ohashi
  • Barrett

Kuwajima Formation

 Japan

Albertonykus[22] Valid

lower Maastrichtian

Horseshoe Canyon Formation

 Canada

Anchiornis[23] Valid

Tiaojishan Formation

 China

Angulomastacator[24]

Valid

  • J. R. Wagner
  • Lehman

Aguja Formation

 USA

Arenysaurus[25]

Valid

  • Xabier Pereda-Suberbiolaa
  • José Ignacio Canudob
  • et al.[CAL 9]

Australovenator[26]

Valid

Winton Formation

 Australia

Baotianmansaurus[27]

Valid

Gaogou Formation

 China

Barrosasaurus[28]

Valid
  • Salgado
  • Coria

Anacleto Formation

 Argentina

Ceratonykus[29]

Valid

  • Alifanov
  • Barsbold

Barun Goyot Formation

 Mongolia

Diamantinasaurus[30]

Valid

Winton Formation

 Australia

Elrhazosaurus[31]

Valid

  • Galton

Elrhaz Formation

 Niger

Helioceratops[32]

Valid

Quantou Formation

 China

Hesperonychus[33]

Valid

  • Longrich
  • Currie

Dinosaur Park Formation

 Canada

Smallest known dinosaur from North America.

Jintasaurus[34]

Valid

  • You
  • Li

Xinminpu Group

 China

Kinnareemimus[35]

Valid

  • Buffetaut
  • Suteethorn
  • Tong

Sao Khua Formation

 Thailand

Kol[36]

Valid

  • Turner
  • Nesbitt
  • Norell

Djadochta Formation

 Mongolia

Leshansaurus[37]

Valid

Shangshaximiao Formation

 China

Levnesovia[38] Valid
  • Sues
  • Averianov

Bissekty Formation

 Uzbekistan

The oldest Hadrosauroidean

Limusaurus[39] Valid
  • Xu

Shishugou Formation

 China

The first Asian ceratosaur to be discovered

Luoyanggia[40] Valid

Mangchuan Formation

 China

An oviraptorosaur

Malarguesaurus[41] Valid
  • González Riga
  • Previtera
  • Pirrone

Portezuelo Formation

 Argentina

Minotaurasaurus[42] Valid
  • Clifford A. Miles
  • Clark J. Mikes
Miragaia[43] Valid
  • Mateus
  • Maidment
  • Christiansen

Sobral Formation

 Portugal

Long necked stegosaur.

Owenodon[31]

Valid

  • Galton

Purbeck Limestone

 UK

Panphagia[44] Valid
  • Martinez
  • Alcober

Ischigualasto Formation

 Argentina

The most basal known sauropodomorph.[44]

Qiaowanlong[34]

Valid
  • You
  • Li

Xinminpu Group

 China

Raptorex[45]

Yixian Formation

 China

Tyrannosauroidea

Ruyangosaurus[46]

Valid

Mangchuan Formation

 China

Shaochilong[47]

Valid

Ulansuhai Formation

 China

Shidaisaurus[48]

Valid

Upper Lufeng Formation

 China

Sinotyrannus[49]

Valid

  • Ji
  • Ji
  • Zhang

Jiufotang Formation

 China

Skorpiovenator[50] Valid

Huincul Formation

 Argentina

Spinophorosaurus[51]

Irhazer Group

 Niger

Sauropoda

Tatankacephalus[52]

Valid

  • Parsons
  • Parsons

Cloverly Formation

 USA

Tawa[53]

Valid

Chinle Formation

 USA

Tethyshadros[54]

Valid

  • Dalla Vecchia

Liburnia Formation

 Italy

Tianyulong[55]

Valid

Tiaojishan Formation

 China

Wintonotitan[30]

Valid

Winton Formation

 Australia

Xianshanosaurus[40] Valid

Mangchuan Formation

 China

A sauropod

"Xinghesaurus"

Nomen nudum

Name published without scientific description in Japanese guidebook "Dinosaur Expo 2009: The Miracle of Deserts"

Zanabazar[56]

Valid

Nemegt Formation

 Mongolia

Aves

Research

Newly described birds

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Alamitornis minutus [57]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Federico L. Agnolin

Agustín G. Martinelli

Late Cretaceous

Los Alamitos Formation

 Argentina

Placed in ?Patagopterygiformes by Agnolin and Martinelli.

Australotadorna alecwilsoni [58]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Trevor H. Worthy

Late Oligocene

Etadunna Formation

 Australia

An Anatidae.

Bonasa nini [59]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Antonio Sánchez Marco

Early Pleistocene

Lower Elefante, TE 13 layer

 Spain:

 Castile and León

A Phasianidae.

Calidris janossyi [60]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jenö Kessler

Late Miocene

MN 13

 Hungary

Originally described as a member of Scolopacidae belonging to the genus Calidris;[60] Zelenkov, Volkova and Gorobets (2016) reinterpreted it as a member of Turnicidae and transferred it to the genus Ortyxelos.[61]

Calonectris kurodai [62]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Storrs L. Olson

Middle Miocene

Calvert Formation

 USA:

 Virginia

A Procellariidae, the smallest of the genus.

Cariama santacrucensis [63]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jorge I. Noriega

Sergio F. Vizcaino

Susana Bargo

Early-Middle Miocene

Estancia La Costa Member,

Santa Cruz Formation

 Argentina

A Cariamidae, Federico L. Agnolin, 2009, placed this species in Noriegavis Agnolin, 2009.[64]

Charadrius lambrechti.[60]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jenö Kessler

Late Miocene

MN 13

 Hungary

A Scolopacidae.

Clangula matraensis [65]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jenö Kessler

Middle Miocene

MN 6-8

 Hungary

An Anatidae.

Confuciusornis feducciai [66]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Zuhui Zhang

Chunling Gao

Qingjin Meng

Jinyuan Liu

Lianhai Hou

Guangmei Zheng

Early Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

 China

A Confuciusornithidae.

Cygnopterus neogradiensis [67]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jenö Kessler

János Hír

Middle Miocene

Sajóvölgy Formation,

MN 7-8

 Hungary

An Anatidae.

Diomedeoides harmati [68]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jenö Kessler

Early Oligocene

MP 24

 Hungary

A Diomedeoididae Fischer, 1985, placed in Rupelornis van Beneden, 1871 by Gerald Mayr and Thierry Smith, 2012

Egretta polgardiensis [65]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jenö Kessler

Late Miocene

MN 13

 Hungary

An Ardeidae

Elbretornis bonapartei [69]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Cyril A. Walker

Gareth J. Dyke

Maastrichtian

Lecho Formation

 Argentina

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002, this is the type species of the new genus.

Eoanseranas handae [70]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Trevor H. Worthy

John D. Scanlon

Late Oligocene – Early Miocene

Riverleigh World Heritage Property

 Australia:

 Queensland

An Anseranatidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Gansugyps linxiaensis [71]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Zhang Zihui

Zheng Xiaoting

Zheng Guangmei

Hou Lianhai

Late Miocene

Upper Liushu Formation

 China

An Accipitridae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Heliadornis minor [65]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jenö Kessler

Late Pliocene

MN 15-16

 Slovakia

A Phaethontidae.

Heliornis sumeghensis [60]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jenö Kessler

Late Miocene

MN 11-12

 Hungary

A Heliornithidae

Jianchangornis microdonta [72]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Zhou Zhonghe

Zhang Fucheng

Li Zhiheng

Early Cretaceous

Albian

Jiufotang Formation

 China

A basal Ornithurae Haeckel, 1866, this is the type species of the new genus.

Martinavis minor [69]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Cyril A. Walker

Gareth J. Dyke

Late Cretaceous

Maastrichtian

Lecho Formation

 Argentina

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002.

Martinavis saltariensis [69]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Cyril A. Walker

Gareth J. Dyke

Late Cretaceous

Maastrichtian

Lecho Formation

 Argentina

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002.

Martinavis whetstonei [69]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Cyril A. Walker

Gareth J. Dyke

Late Cretaceous

Maastrichtian

Lecho Formation

 Argentina

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002.

Megalocoturnix cordoni [59]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Antonio Sánchez Marco

Early Pliocene

Ruscinian,

MN 15

 Spain:

 Castile and León

A Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Megapaloelodus peiranoi [73]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Federico L. Agnolin

Late Miocene

Andalhualá Formation

 Argentina

A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885.

Mergus minor [65]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jenö Kessler

Middle Miocene

MN 6-8

 Hungary

An Anatidae.

Miocepphus blowi [74]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Erik Wijnker

Storrs L. Olson

Late Miocene

Eastover Formation;

Breda Formation Mill

 USA:

 Virginia;

 Netherlands:

 North Brabant

An Alcidae.

Miocepphus bohaskai [74]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Erik Wijnker

Storrs L. Olson

Late Miocene

Eastover Formation;

Breda Formation Mill

 USA:

 Maryland,

 Virginia;

 Netherlands:

 North Brabant

An Alcidae.

Miocepphus mergulellus [74]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Erik Wijnker

Storrs L. Olson

Late Miocene

Eastover Formation

 USA:

 North Carolina

An Alcidae.

Palaeocryptonyx novaki [59]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Antonio Sánchez Marco

Late Pliocene

Villanyan,

MN 16

 Spain

 Castilla-La Mancha

A Phasianidae.

Paracoracias occidentalis [75]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Julia A. Clarke

Daniel T. Ksepka

N. Adam Smith

Mark A. Norell

Eocene

Green River Formation

 USA:

 Wyoming?

A stem Coraiiformes.

Pinpanetta fromensis [58]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Trevor H. Worthy

Late Oligocene

Etadunna Formation

 Australia:

 South Australia

An Anatidae.

Pinpanetta tedfordi [58]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Trevor H. Worthy

Late Oligocene

Etadunna Formation

 Australia

 South Australia

An Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Pinpanetta vickersrichae [58]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Trevor H. Worthy

Late Oligocene

Etadunna Formation

 Australia

An Anatidae.

Podiceps csarnotatus [65]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jenö Kessler

Late Pliocene

MN 15-16

 Hungary

A Podicipedidae.

Porzana kretzoii [60]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jenö Kessler

Late Miocene

MN 13

 Hungary

A Rallidae.

Porzana matraensis [60]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jenö Kessler

Middle Miocene

MN 6-8

 Hungary

A Rallidae.

Primozygodactylus eunjooae [76]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Nikita V. Zelenkov

Middle Eocene

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971.

Pseudocepphus teres [74]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Erik Wijnker

Storrs L. Olson

Late Miocene

St. Marys Formation

 USA:

 Maryland

An Alcidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Rapaxavis pani [77]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Eric M. Morschhauser

David J. Varricchio

Gao Chunling

Liu Jinyuan

Wang Xuri

Cheng Xiadong

Meng Qingjin

Early Cretaceous

Jiufotang Formation

 China

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Longipterygidae Zhang, Zhou, Hou et Gu, 2000, this is the type species of the new genus.

Rupephaps taketake [78]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Trevor H. Worthy

Suzanne J. Hand

Jennifer P. Worthy

Alan J. D. Tennyson

R. Paul Scofield

Early Miocene,

Altonian

Bannockburn Formation

 New Zealand

An Columbidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Sapeornis angustis [79]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Pauline Provini

Zhou Zhonghe

Zhang Fucheng

Early Cretaceous,

Aptian

Jiufotang Formation

 China

A Sapeornithidae Zhou et Zhang, 2006.

Selenornis steendorpensis [80]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Early Oligocene,

MP ?23-24

Boom Formation

 Belgium:

 East Flanders

A Tytonidae, Selenornithinae Mourer-Chauviré, 1987.

Shanweiniao cooperorum [81]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Jingmai K. O'Connor

Xuri Wang

Luis M. Chiappe

Chunling Gao

Qingjin Meng

Xiaodong Cheng

Jinyuan Liu

Early Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

 China

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Familia Longipterygidae Zhang, Zhou, Hou et Gu, 2000, this is the type species of the new genus.

Talpanas lippa [82]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Storrs L. Olson

Helen F. James

Holocene

Kauai

 USA:

 Hawaii

An Anatidae, Kaua'i Mole Duck, a Hawaiian duck that probably lived a kiwi-like lifestyle, this is the type species of the new genus.

Tologuica aurorae [83]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Nikita V. Zelenkov

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Middle Miocene

Ööshin Formation

 Mongolia

A Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Tologuica karhui [83]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Nikita V. Zelenkov

Evgeny N. Kurochkin

Middle Miocene

Ööshin Formation

 Mongolia

A Phasianidae.

Pterosaurs

Newly named pterosaurs
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Carniadactylus[84]

Valid

  • Dalla Vecchia

Late Triassic

 Italy

A campylognathoidid with a wingspan of about 70 cm.

Changchengopterus[85]

Valid

Middle Jurassic

Tiaojishan Formation

 China

A primitive long-tailed pterosaur related to Dorygnathus.

Ningchengopterus[86]

Valid

Early Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

 China

A pterodactyloid known from a juvenile specimen whose fossils preserved details of the flight membrane and fur.

Wukongopterus[87]

Valid

  • Wang
  • Kellner
  • Jiang
  • Meng

Late Jurassic

Daohugou Beds

 China

A primitive long tailed pterosaur. The type specimen shows evidence of the animal having broken its shin while alive.

See also

Notes

  1. Kellner, Pinheiro, Azevedo, Henriques, de Carvalho, Oliveira.
  2. Butler, Barrett, Abel, Gower.
  3. Lauprasert, Cuny, Thirakhupt, Suteethorn.
  4. Shan, Wu, Cheng, Sato.
  5. Brusatte, Butler, Sulej, Niedźwiedzki.
  6. Novas, Pais, Pol, Carvalho, Mones, Scanferla, Riglos.
  7. Sereno, R. N. Martinez, J. A. Wilson, Varricchio, Alcober.
  8. Xu X., Zhao Q., Norell, C. Sullivan, Hone, Erickson, Wang X. L., Han F., Guo.
  9. Xabier Pereda-Suberbiolaa, José Ignacio Canudob, Penélope Cruzado-Caballerob, José Luis Barcoc, Nieves López-Martínezd, Oriol Omse, José Ignacio Ruiz-Omeñaca.
  10. 1 2 3 Hocknull, White, Tischler, Cook, Calleja, Sloan, Elliott.
  11. Zhang, X., Lü, J., Xu, L., Li, J., Yang, L.K., Hu, W., Jia, S., Ji, Q. Zhang, C.
  12. Jin, Chen, Zan, Godefroit.
  13. Li, Peng, Jiang, Huang.
  14. 1 2 Lü, Xu, Jiang, Jia, Li, Yuan, Zhang, Ji.
  15. Sereno, Brusatte, Kriegstein, Zhao, Cloward.
  16. Lu, Xu, Jia, Zhang, Zhang, Yang, You, Ji.
  17. Brusatte, Benson, Chure, Xu, Sullivan, Hone.
  18. Wu, Currie, Dong, Pan, Tang.
  19. Canale, Scanferla, Agnolin, Novas.
  20. Remes, Ortega, Fierro, Joger, Kosma, Ferrer.
  21. Nesbitt, Smith, Irmis, Turner, Downs, Norell.
  22. Zheng, You, Xu, Dong.
  23. Hasegawa, Carpenter, Lamanna, Xu.
  24. Norell, Makovicky, Bever, Balanoff, Clark, Barsbold, Rowe.

References

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  2. Juan Martín Leardi and Diego Pol (2009). "The first crocodyliform from the Chubut Group (Chubut Province, Argentina) and its phylogenetic position within basal Mesoeucrocodylia". Cretaceous Research 30 (6): 1376–1386. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.08.002.
  3. Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka; and Andriej G. Sennikov (2009). "Archosauriform postcranial remains from the Early Triassic karst deposits of southern Poland" (PDF). Paleontologica Polonica 65: 283–328. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
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  6. Butler, R.J.; Barrett, P.M.; Abel, R.L. and Gower, D.J. (2009). "A Possible Ctenosauriscid Archosaur from the Middle Triassic Manda Beds of Tanzania". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 (4): 1022–1031. doi:10.1671/039.029.0404.
  7. 1 2 Sereno, P. C.; and Larsson, H. C. E. (2009). "Cretaceous crocodyliforms from the Sahara". ZooKeys 28 (2009): 1–143. doi:10.3897/zookeys.28.325.
  8. 1 2 Cau, Andrea; Maganuco, Simone (2009). "A new theropod dinosaur, represented by a single unusual caudal vertebra from the Kem Kem Beds (Cretaceous) of Morocco". Atti Soc. It. Sci. Nat. Museo civ. Stor. Nat. Milano 150 (II): 239–257.
  9. Lio, G., Agnolin, F., Cau, A. and Maganuco, S. (2012). "Crocodyliform affinities for Kemkemia auditorei Cau and Maganuco, 2009, from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco." Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano, 153 (I), s. 119–126.
  10. Lauprasert, K.; Cuny, G.; Thirakhupt, K. and Suteethorn, V. 2009. Khoratosuchus jintasakuli gen. et sp. nov., an advanced neosuchian crocodyliform from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) of NE Thailand. In E. Buffetaut, G. Cuny, J. Le Loeuff, V. Suteethorn (eds.), Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia. The Geological Society of London, Special Publication 315:175-187.
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