2010 in archosaur paleontology
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The year 2010 in Archosaur paleontology was eventful. Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur palaeontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago. The year 2010 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.
This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that have been described during the year 2010, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that occurred in the year 2010.
Newly named crurotarsans
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
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Valid |
|
Turonian/Santonian |
| ||||
Valid |
|
A horned crocodile that preyed on early hominids |
![]() Mandibular remains of Crocodylus anthropophagus ![]() Postcranial remains of Crocodylus anthropophagus | ||||
Valid |
|
Paleocene |
A short-snouted dyrosaurid which had a generalist feeding strategy. It grew to lengths of about 7 feet. |
||||
Valid |
|
Late Eocene |
![]() Mandibular remains of Diplocynodon Remains of Diplocynodon. | ||||
Valid |
|
Bathonian |
A new genus for "Teleidosaurus" gaudryi (Collot, 1905). "Metriorhynchus" bathonicus (Mercier, 1933) is a second species of Eoneustes. |
||||
Valid |
|
Callovian/Kimmeridgian |
A new genus for "Metriorhynchus" leedsi (Andrews, 1913). "Metriorhynchus" acutus (Lennier, 1887) is a second species of Gracilineustes. |
||||
Valid |
|
Late Eocene |
An early alligatorine. | ||||
Valid |
|
Albian |
|||||
Valid |
|
Norian |
A phytosaur. |
||||
Valid |
|
Late Carnian |
Krasiejów deposits |
||||
Valid |
|
Maastrichtian |
A fourth species of Theriosuchus. |
||||
Valid |
|
Kimmeridgian |
A new genus for "Dakosaurus" carpenteri (Wilkinson et al., 2008) |
||||
Valid |
|
Eocene (Wasatchian) |
An early caiman. |
Newly named basal dinosauriforms
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
Anisian |
A silesaurid, and the oldest known ornithodire. |
| ||||
Newly named non-avian dinosaurs
- A new family of allosauroid theropods, Neovenatoridae, is published by Benson, Carrano, and Brusatte.[14]
- A new family of tyrannosauroid theropods, Proceratosauridae is published by Rauhut, Milner and Moore-Fay.[15]
62 new genera and additional 2 new species have been described in 2010.
Name | Status | Authors | Discovery year | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
|
Hettangian |
A facultively quadrupedal prosauropod which displays transitional characters connecting more primitive obligate bipedal forms with the more derived obligative quadrupedal sauropodomorphs. |
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Valid |
|
Albian |
A narrow toothed brachiosaurid whose remains include the first known cranial material of any Cretaceous sauropod from the Americas. |
| ||||
Valid |
|
Santonian |
A coronosaurian ceratopsian. |
|||||
Valid |
|
?Aptian–Albian |
Xinminpu Group |
A second species of Archaeoceratops. |
| |||
Nomen Dubium |
|
Maastrichtian |
A Somphospondylan Sauropod known only from a single weakly heterocoelous tail vertebrae. Heterocoelous vertebrae are those where the centrum or body of a vertebra has saddle-shaped surface where it meets the vertebrae both in front and behind it. |
|||||
Valid |
|
Late Cretaceous |
A titanosaur |
|||||
Valid |
|
2002[22] |
Maastrichtian |
A basal abelisauroid |
||||
Valid |
|
Maastrichtian |
An oviraptorid known from a skull with a striated crest. |
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Valid |
|
Early Valanginian |
A new genus for "Iguanodon" dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888). |
|||||
Valid |
|
Aptian-Albian |
Xinminpu Group |
A giant ornithomimosaur. |
| |||
Valid |
|
Campanian |
A 30-foot tyrannosauroid known from the remains of both adults and juveniles. Previously considered a species of Daspletosaurus. |
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Valid |
|
Late Maastrichtian |
A lambeosaurine hadrosaurid |
|||||
Valid |
|
Early Cretaceous |
||||||
Valid |
|
Late Triassic |
A guaibasaurid sauropodomorph |
|||||
Valid |
|
Early Jurassic |
A prosauropod. |
|||||
Valid |
|
Campanian |
A chasmosaurine ceratopsid with the largest horns of any dinosaur currently known.[32] |
|||||
Valid |
|
Barremian |
A carcharodontosaurid with a pointed, hump-like crest near the hips and bumps on the ulnae that may be quill knobs. |
| ||||
Valid |
|
early 1960s[34] |
Lower Bathonian |
A large basal tetanuran known from scant remains. |
||||
Valid |
|
Middle Campanian |
A centrosaurine ceratopsid. |
| ||||
Valid |
|
Late Jurassic |
A titanosauriform sauropod |
|||||
Valid |
|
late 1970s[37] |
Lower Tithonian |
A heterodontosaurid and the smallest known ornithischian dinosaur. |
| |||
Valid |
|
Barremian |
A titanosauriform sauropod. |
|||||
Valid |
|
?lower Barremian |
A troodontid. |
| ||||
Valid |
|
Campanian |
A basal hadrosauroid |
|||||
Valid |
2004[42] |
Oxfordian |
The most primitive known alvarezsauroid. |
| ||||
Valid |
|
A basal iguanodontian |
| |||||
Valid |
|
Early Valanginian |
A new genus for "Iguanodon" fittoni (Lydekker, 1889). |
|||||
Junior synonym of Massospondylus |
|
Hettangian |
Originally interpreted as a distinct basal sauropodomorph, but now appears to be a misidentified juvenile Massospondylus specimen. |
|||||
Valid |
|
?lower Barremian |
A basal iguanodontian |
| ||||
Valid |
|
Turonian |
Basal hadrosauroid. |
| ||||
Valid |
|
Sinemurian/Pliensbachian |
A basal tetanuran |
|||||
Valid |
|
Bathonian |
A tyrannosauroid |
| ||||
Valid |
|
Late Campanian |
A chasmosaurine ceratopsid. |
| ||||
Valid |
|
1848 |
Barremian |
A basal iguanodont, formerly classified as Iguanodon anglicus |
||||
Valid |
Campanian |
A dromaeosaurid |
| |||||
Valid |
|
Early Cretaceous |
An eusauropod. |
|||||
Valid |
|
Late Cretaceous |
An ingeniine oviraptorid. |
|||||
Valid |
|
Campanian |
A chasmosaurine ceratopsid. |
|||||
Valid |
|
Late Campanian |
A long-horned chasmosaurine ceratopsid. |
| ||||
Valid |
|
Late Cretaceous |
A chasmosaurine ceratopsid. |
| ||||
Valid |
|
Maastrichtian |
A titanosaur |
|||||
Valid |
|
Campanian-Maastrichtian |
An aeolosaurini titanosaur |
|||||
Valid |
|
Santonian |
A small bird-like paravian estimated to reach slightly more than two feet in length. |
|||||
Valid |
|
Late Barremian |
A basal iguanodont |
|||||
Valid |
|
Lower Cretaceous |
Bayan Gobi Formation |
A ninth or eleventh species of Psittacosaurus. |
||||
Valid |
|
Maastrichtian |
An abelisaurid |
|||||
Valid |
|
Campanian |
A new genus for "Styracosaurus" ovatus Gilmore, 1930. |
| ||||
Valid |
|
Late Carnian |
||||||
Valid |
|
2005[65] |
Pleinsbachian |
A basal sauropodomorph |
||||
Valid |
|
Early Valanginian |
A basal iguanodont |
|||||
Valid |
Upper Cretaceous |
A basal centrosaurine. |
||||||
Valid |
|
Maastrichtian |
A chasmosaurine ceratopsid. |
|||||
Valid |
|
Upper Campanian |
A basal pachycephalosaur. |
|||||
Valid |
|
Early Cretaceous |
A short-armed dromaeosaurid. |
|||||
Valid |
|
Early Jurassic |
Yimen Formation |
A mamenchisaurid sauropod. |
||||
Junior synonym |
|
Mid Valanginian |
Junior synonym of Barilium |
|||||
Valid |
|
Late Campanian |
A chasmosaurine ceratopsid. |
|||||
Valid |
|
Late Campanian |
A chasmosaurine ceratopsid. A new genus for "Chasmosaurus" irvinensis Holmes et al., 2001. |
|||||
Junior synonym |
|
Early Valanginian |
Junior synonym of Hypselospinus |
|||||
Valid |
|
late Campanian-early Maastrichtian |
Second hadrosauroid from South America. |
|||||
Valid |
|
Aptian–Albian |
Xinminpu Group |
A longirostrine tyrannosauroid. |
||||
Valid |
Campanian |
A parvicursorine. |
||||||
Valid |
Campanian |
A troodontid. |
||||||
Valid |
|
Lower Jurassic |
A prosauropod. |
|||||
Valid |
Upper Cretaceous |
| ||||||
Valid |
|
Oxfordian |
Basal coelurosaur |
|||||
Newly named birds
Name | Status | Novelty | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agapornis atlanticus [78] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Cécile Mourer-Chauviré Denis Geraads |
Late Pliocene |
A Psittacidae, a lovebird. |
|||
Ankonetta larriestrai [79] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Marcos M. Cenizo Federico L. Agnolín |
Early or Middle Miocene |
Santa Cruz Formation |
A basal member of Anatidae. This is type species of the new genus. |
||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Priscilla Gaff Walter E. Boles |
Middle Miocene |
An Accipitridae, the oldest Aquila species is in Australia. |
||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Csiki Vremir et al.[CAL 29] |
Late Cretaceous: Maastrichtian |
Sebeş Formation |
A four-toed, two-fingered avialian. |
|||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Attila Ősi |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Avisauridae Brett-Surman & Paul, 1985. This is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
?Borvocarbo tardatus [83] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Ursula B. Göhlich Cécile Mourer-Chauviré |
Early Miocene |
MN 4c |
A Phalacrocoracoidea, Pelecaniformes, possibly a species of Borvocarbo. |
||
Camptodontus yangi [84] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Li Li En-pu Gong Li-dong Zhang Ya-jun Yang Lian-hai Hou |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Longipterygidae Zhang, Zhou, Hou et Gu, 2000, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Carlos Rando Josep A. Alcover Juan C. Illera |
Late Pleistocene to Holocene |
|||||
Celericolius acriala [86] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Daniel T. Ksepka Julia A. Clarke |
|
A Coliidae, a species of Coliidae. This is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Confuciusornis jianchangensis [87] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Li Li Wang Jing-qi Hou Shi-lin |
A fourth valid species of Confuciusornis. It is known from a single skeleton. |
||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Jenő Kessler |
Late Pliocene |
MN 15-16 |
A new species of Corvus, Corvidae. |
|||
Cuculus pannonicus [88] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Jenö Kessler |
Late Miocene; |
MN 13; MN 16 |
A new species of Cuculus, Cuculidae. |
||
Cyrilavis [89] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. |
Larry D. Martin |
Early Eocene |
|
A new genus with Primobucco olsoni Feduccia et Martin, 1976. as the type species. |
||
Dasornis abdoun [90] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Estelle Bourdon |
Early Eoceen |
A Odontopterygiformes. Dasornis Owen, 1870. The type species is Dasornis londinensis Owen, 1870. |
|||
Eozygodactylus americanus [91] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Ilka Weidig |
|
A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, ?Piciformes, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Eurystomus beremedensis [92] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Jenö Kessler |
Late Pliocene |
A new species of Eurystomus, Coraciidae. |
|||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Ronald S. Tykoski Anthony R. Fiorillo |
|
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. This is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Geronticus olsoni [78] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Cécile Mourer-Chauviré Denis Geraads |
Late Pliocene |
An Threskiornithidae, a species of Geronticus. |
|||
Glaucidium baranensis [92] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Jenö Kessler |
Late Pliocene |
MN 15-16 |
A new species of Glaucidium, Strigidae. |
||
Gyps bochenskii [94] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Zlatozar N. Boev |
Late Pliocene |
MN 17 |
A new species of Gyps, Accipitridae. |
||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Alyssa K. Bell Mahito Watabe K. Tsogtbaatar |
A predatory ground bird known from an unusual hind limb. This is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Wang Xia Zhang Zihui Gao Chunling Hou Lianhan Meng Qingjin Liu Jinyuan |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. This is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Julia A. Clarke Daniel T. Ksepka Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi Ali J. Altamirano Matthew D. Shawkey Liliana D’Alba Jakob Vinther Thomas J. DeVries Patrice Baby |
Late Eocene |
A giant Spheniscidae and the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Emilio Novas Federico L. Agnolín Carlos A. Scanferla |
Las Curtiembres Formation |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Avisauridae Brett-Surman et Paul, 1985, the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Kuiornis indicator [99] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Suzanne J. Hand Jacqueline M. T. Nguyen Alan J. D. Tennyson Jennifer P. Worthy R. Paul Scofield Walter E. Boles |
Early Miocene |
Altonian |
A new genus and species of Acanthisittidae, it is the type species of the new genus. |
||
Lamarqueavis australis [100] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Federico L. Agnolin |
A Cimolopterygidae Brodkorb, 1963, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Lamarqueavis minima [101] |
Valid |
Comb. nov. |
|
A new genus for Cimolopteryx minima Brodkorb, 1963, transferred to Lamarqueavis by Agnolin, 2010.[100] |
||||
Lamarqueavis petra [102] |
Valid |
Comb. nov. |
Sylvia Hope |
|
A new genus for Cimolopteryx petra Hope, 2002, transferred to Lamarqueavis by Agnolin, 2010.[100] |
|||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Hanneke J.M. Meijer Rokus Awe Due |
Late Pleistocene |
A giant marabou stork, Ciconiidae. |
||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Jingmai K. O’Connor Gao Ke-Qin |
A Hongshanornithidae O’Connor, Gao et Chiappe, 2010, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
Lophogallus naranbulakensis [105] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Nikita V. Zelenkov |
Middle Miocene |
Naran Bulak Formation |
A Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
R. Paul Scofield Alan J. D. Tennyson |
Bannockburn Formation |
An Ardeidae, the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Mogontiacopsitta miocaena [107] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
A small Psittacidae, the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
Morsoravis sedilis [108] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Sara Bertelli Bent E. K. Lindow |
Early Eocene |
The type species of the new genus. A bird of uncertain phylogenetic placement; it might be a relative of Charadriiformes[108] or a relative of the passerines and the extinct family Zygodactylidae.[109] Maybe close to Pumiliornis tessellatus G. Mayr, 1999.[109][110] |
|||
Valid |
Comb. nov. |
Kenneth E. Campbell Jr. Zbigniew M. Bocheński |
Late Pleistocene |
|
Strigidae, a new genus for Strix brea Howard (1933), the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Alan J. D. Tennyson R. Paul Scofield |
Early Miocene |
Bannockburn Formation |
A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885. |
|||
Pelagornis chilensis [113] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
David Rubilar-Rogers |
Bahia Inglesa Formation |
A Pelagornithidae Fürbringer, 1888 with a large wingspan. |
| ||
Perplexicervix microcephalon [114] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Middle Eocene |
A member of Neognathae Incertae Sedis. The type species of the new genus. |
||||
Plioperdix africana [78] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Cécille Mourer-Chauviré Denis Geraads |
Late Pliocene |
A Phasianidae, Galliformes, a species of Plioperdix Kretzoi, 1955. |
|||
Presbyornis mongoliensis [115] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Evgeney N. Kurochkin |
Late Paleocene |
Bumbam Member of the Narabulag Svita |
A Presbyornithidae Wetmore, 1926, Anseriformes. |
||
Rhenanorallus rhenanus [107] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
MN 2a, Wiesbaden Formation, Mainz Basin |
A small Rallidae, the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Wang Xuri Jingmai K. O’Connor Zhao Bo Gao Chunling Cheng Xiaodong |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Hu Dongyu Li Li Hou Lianhai |
A Sapeornithidae Zhou, 2006, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
Vastanavis cambayensis [118] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Rajendra S. Rana Kenneth D. Rose Ashok Sahni Lachham Singh Thierry Smith |
Early Eocene |
An Vastanavidae G. Mayr, Rana, Rose, Sahni, Kumar, Sing et T. Smith, 2010, basal Psittaciformes. |
|||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Zhang Fucheng Li Zhiheng |
A beaked basal avialan |
Newly named pterosaurs
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
|
Cenomanian |
An ornithocheirid known only from a partial lower jaw. |
||||
Valid |
|
Late Cretaceous |
An azhdarchid known only from five fragments of the front upper and lower jaws, and possibly a neck vertebra. |
| |||
Valid |
|
Middle Jurassic |
An istiodactylid[122] or a poorly preserved specimen of Darwinopterus.[123] |
||||
Valid |
|
Oxfordian |
A wukongopterid that was described as a derived rhamphorhynchoid with transitional characters connecting it with pterodactyloids. |
| |||
Valid |
|
Late Jurassic |
A second species of Darwinopterus |
||||
Valid |
|
Late Coniacian/Early Santonian |
A pteranodontid. The type species is Dawndraco kanzai. |
||||
Valid |
|
Late Triassic |
|||||
Valid |
|
Middle Jurassic |
An earliest scaphognathine pterosaur. |
||||
Valid |
|
Late Coniacian - Early Campanian |
A pteranodontid. |
||||
Valid |
|
Late Jurassic |
A wukongopterid. The type species is Kunpengopterus sinensis. |
||||
Valid |
|
Lower Aptian |
Leza Formation |
||||
Valid |
|
Oxfordian |
A rhamphorhynchid with a nearly six foot wingspan. |
||||
Valid |
|
Barremian |
A boreopterid. |
||||
Notes
References
- ↑ Paulo Miranda Nascimento and Hussam Zaher (2010). "A new species of Baurusuchus (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil, with the first complete postcranial skeleton described from the family Baurusuchidae" (PDF). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 50 (21): 323‑361. doi:10.1590/s0031-10492010002100001. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ Brochu CA, Njau J, Blumenschine RJ, Densmore LD (2010). Lalueza-Fox C, ed. "A New Horned Crocodile from the Plio-Pleistocene Hominid Sites at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania". PLoS ONE 5 (2): e9333. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9333B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009333. PMC 2827537. PMID 20195356.
- ↑ Hastings, A. K; Bloch, J. I.; Cadena, E. A.; and Jaramillo, C. A. (2010). "A new small short-snouted dyrosaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Paleocene of northeastern Columbia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 (1): 139–162. doi:10.1080/02724630903409204.
- ↑ Jeremy E. Martin (2010). "A new species of Diplocynodon (Crocodylia, Alligatoroidea) from the Late Eocene of the Massif Central, France, and the evolution of the genus in the climatic context of the Late Palaeogene". Geological Magazine 147 (4): 596–610. doi:10.1017/S0016756809990161. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- 1 2 Young, M.T., Brusatte, S.L., Ruta, M. and de Andrade, M.B. (2010). "The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (Mesoeucrocodylia, Thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrices, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158: 810–859. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00571.x.
- ↑ Jeremy A Martin; K. Lauprasert (2010). "A new primitive alligatorine from the Eocene of Thailand: relevance of Asiatic members to the radiation of the group". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3): 608–628. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00582.x.
- ↑ O’Connor, P.M.; Sertich, J.W.; Stevens, N.J.; Roberts, E.M.; Gottfried, M.D.; Hieronymus, T.L.; Jinnah, Z.A.; Ridgely, R.; Ngasala, S.E.; and Temba, J. (2010). "The evolution of mammal-like crocodyliforms in the Cretaceous Period of Gondwana". Nature 466 (7307): 748–751. Bibcode:2010Natur.466..748O. doi:10.1038/nature09061. PMID 20686573.
- ↑ Michelle R. Stocker (2010). "A new taxon of phytosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Late Triassic (Norian) Sonsela Member (Chinle Formation) in Arizona, and a critical reevaluation of Leptosuchus Case, 1922". Palaeontology 53 (5): 997–1022. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00983.x.
- ↑ Sulej, T. (2010). "The skull of an early Late Triassic aetosaur and the evolution of the stagonolepidid archosaurian reptiles". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (4): 860–881. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00566.x.
- ↑ Jeremy Martin, Márton Rabi and Zoltán Csiki (2010). "Survival of Theriosuchus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Atoposauridae) in a Late Cretaceous archipelago: a new species from the Maastrichtian of Romania". Naturwissenschaften 97 (9): 845–854. Bibcode:2010NW.....97..845M. doi:10.1007/s00114-010-0702-y. PMID 20711558. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
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- ↑ Brochu, C.A. (2010). "A new alligatorid from the lower Eocene Green River Formation of Wyoming and the origin of caimans". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 (4): 1109–1126. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.483569.
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