Albert II, Duke of Saxony

Albert II Albrecht II. von Sachsen, Engern und Westfalen (de)
officially: Duke of Saxony, Angria and Westphalia colloquially: Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg
Woodcut by Balthasar Mencius (Menz), 1596, showing Albert II holding the Saxon coat-of-arms. Inscription: Churfürst Albrecht II. (trl. Prince-Elector Albert II)
Duchy of Saxony (joint rule with his elder brother John I until 1282 and then with the latter's sons Eric I, John II, and Albert III)
Joint Reign	1260–1296
Predecessor	Albert I, Duke of Saxony
Successor	Albert II (ruling alone in partitioned Saxe-Wittenberg)
Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg (Albert II and his nephews divided their common duchy in 1296)
Reign	1296–1298
Predecessors	Albert II and his nephews Albert III, Eric I and John II (joint rule)
Successor	Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg
Born	1250 Wittenberg upon Elbe
Died	25 August 1298 near Aken
Burial	Wittenberg upon Elbe
Saxon Consort	Agnes of Habsburg
Issue Detail	Rudolf I Otto Anna (*?–1327*) Elisabeth (*?–1341*) Venceslaus (*?–1327*) Albert, Prince-Bishop of Passau
House of	Ascania (by birth)
Father	Albert I, Duke of Saxony
Mother	Helen of Brunswick and Lunenburg
Religion	Roman Catholic

Albert II of Saxony (Wittenberg upon Elbe, ca. 1250 – 25 August 1298, near Aken) was a son of Duke Albert I of Saxony and his third wife Helen of Brunswick and Lunenburg, a daughter of Otto the Child. He supported Rudolph I of Germany at his election as Roman king and became his son-in-law. After the death of their father Albert I in 1260 Albert II jointly ruled the Duchy of Saxony with his elder brother John I, and thereafter with the latter's sons.

Life

In 1269, 1272 and 1282 the brothers gradually divided their governing competences within the three territorially unconnected Saxon areas (one called Land of Hadeln around Otterndorf, another around Lauenburg upon Elbe and the third around Wittenberg), thus preparing a partition.

In the imperial election in 1273 Albert II represented the jointly ruling brothers. In return Rudolph I had married his daughter Agnes of Habsburg to Albert II. After John I had resigned in 1282 in favour of his three minor sons Eric I, John II and Albert III, followed by his death three years later, the three brothers and their uncle Albert II continued the joint rule in Saxony.

In 1288 Albert II applied to King Rudolph I for the enfeoffment of his son and heir Duke Rudolf I with the Electorate of Saxony, which ensued a long lasting dispute with the eager clan of the House of Wettin. When the County of Brehna was reverted to the Empire after the extinction of its comital family the king enfeoffed Duke Rudolf. In 1290 Albert II gained the County of Brehna and in 1295 the County of Gommern for Saxony. King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia succeeded in bringing Albert II in favour of electing Adolf of Germany as new emperor: Albert II signed an elector pact on 29 November 1291 that he would vote the same as Wenceslaus. On 27 April 1292 Albert II, with his nephews still minor, wielded the Saxon electoral vote, electing Adolf of Germany.

The last document, mentioning the joint government of Albert II with his nephews as Saxon fellow dukes dates back to 1295.^[1] The definite partitioning of the Duchy of Saxony into Saxe-Lauenburg, jointly ruled by the brothers Albert III, Eric I and John II and Saxe-Wittenberg, ruled by Albert II took place before 20 September 1296, when the Vierlande, Sadelbande (Land of Lauenburg), the Land of Ratzeburg, the Land of Darzing (later Amt Neuhaus), and the Land of Hadeln are mentioned as the separate territory of the brothers.^[2] Albert II received Saxe-Wittenberg around the eponymous city and Belzig. Albert II thus became the founder of the Ascanian line of Saxe-Wittenberg.

Marriage and issue

In 1273 Albert II married Agnes of Habsburg, making her one of the Saxon Consorts, and they had the following children:

• Rudolph I of Saxony, Angria and Westphalia (Wittenberg) (Wittenberg, c. 1284–12 March 1356, ibidem)
• Otto of Saxony, Angria and Westphalia (?–1349), ∞ Lucia of Dalmatia
• Albert II of Saxony, Angria and Westphalia (?–19 May 1342, Passau), Prince-Bishop of Passau
• Venceslaus of Saxony, Angria and Westphalia (?–17 March 1327, Wittenberg), canon at Halberstadt Cathedral
• Elisabeth of Saxony, Angria and Westphalia (?–3 March 1341), ∞ 1317 Obizzo III de Este-Ferrara in today's Italy
• Anna of Saxony, Angria and Westphalia (?–22 November 1327, Wismar), (1) ∞ 8 August 1308 in Meißen with Margrave Frederick the Lame (9 May 1293–13 January 1315), son of Frederick I of Meißen, (2) ∞ 6 July 1315 with Duke Henry II the Lion of Mecklenburg (Riga, c. 1267–21 January 1329, Doberan)

Ancestors

Ancestors of Albert II, Duke of Saxony

16. Otto, Count of Ballenstedt               8. Albert the Bear                       17. Eilika of Saxony               4. Bernard III, Duke of Saxony                             18. Herman I, Count of Winzenburg               9. Sophie of Winzenburg                       19. unnamed Countess of Everstein               2. Albert I, Duke of Saxony                                   20. Magnus I of Sweden               10. Canute V of Denmark                       21. Richeza of Poland               5. Birgitte of Denmark                             1. Albert II, Duke of Saxony                                         24. Henry the Lion               12. William of Winchester, Lord of Lüneburg                       25. Matilda of England               6. Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg                             26. Valdemar I of Denmark               13. Helena of Denmark                       27. Sophia of Minsk               3. Helene of Brunswick-Lüneburg                                   28. Otto I, Margrave of Brandenburg               14. Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg                       29. Ada of Holland               7. Matilda of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg                             30. Conrad II, Margrave of Lusatia               15. Matilda of Lusatia                       31. Elisabeth of Greater Poland

Notes

1. Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in: Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373-389, here p. 375. ISBN 978-3-529-02606-5
2. Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in: Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373-389, here p. 375. ISBN 978-3-529-02606-5