Ahetze

Ahetze
A rainbow above the village
Coat of arms
Ahetze
Location within Aquitaine region  Ahetze
Coordinates: 43°24′24″N 1°34′12″W / 43.4067°N 1.57°WCoordinates: 43°24′24″N 1°34′12″W / 43.4067°N 1.57°W
Country	France
Region	Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes
Department	Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement	Bayonne
Canton	Ustaritz
Intercommunality	Sud Pays Basque
Government
• Mayor (2014–2020)	Philippe Élissalde
Area^1	11 km^2 (4 sq mi)
Population (2009)^2	1,697
• Density	150/km^2 (400/sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code	64009 / 64210
Elevation	7–100 m (23–328 ft) (avg. 25 m or 82 ft)
^1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. ^2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Ahetze was a village in the traditional Basque province of Labourd and is now a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes region in southwestern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Aheztars^[1]

Geography

Location

The commune is located some 13 km southwest of Bayonne and 30 km norteast of Donostia-San-Sebastion and only 4 km from the Atlantic beaches of Bidart and Guéthary.

Access

Ahetze village is at the intersection of departmental roads D655 from Arbonne to Bidart and D855 from Saint-Pee-sur-Nivelle to Saint-Jean-de-Luz. The commune can be accessed from Exit 4 (Biarritz La Négresse) and Exit 3 (Saint-Jean-de-Luz nord) from the A63 autoroute.

The Biarritz–Anglet–Bayonne Airport is 15-minute drive from the village.

Hydrography

Located in the watershed of the Adour, the commune is traversed^[2] by a tributary of the coastal river Uhabia: the Zirikolatzeko erreka and its tributaries, the streams: Amisolako, Uroneko, and Besaingo, as well as the Pemartiko erreka, a tributary of the Besaingo.

Paul Raymond also stated in his Topographical dictionary of Bearn-Basque Country in 1863^[3] that a tributary of the Alborga: the Haïstéchéhé flows through Ahetze after rising in Saint-Pee-sur-Nivelle.

Localities and hamlets^[4]

• Adamenea
• Aguerria
• Amizola^[3]
• Arrakotenea
• Belhardiko Errota
• Biperenborda
• Borda
• Dorrea
• Etxebiaga
• Haroztegia
• Harrieta
• Ithurbidea
• Ithurbidenborda
• Laharraga
• Larramendia
• Larreluzea
• Larretxeberria
• Larrunta or Larruntaldea^[3]
• Martikotenea
• Mulienea
• Olhagaina
• Ostaleriaborda
• Solorzano
• Uhartea
• Xaharrenea
• Ximikoenea
• Xirrikenea

Neighbouring communes and villages

Toponymy

The commune name in Basque is also Ahetze.

Jean-Baptiste Orpustan suggested that Ahetze comes from aiz meaning "stone" and by extension "high rock".^[5]

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Name	Spelling	Date	Source	Page	Origin	Description
Ahetze	Ahece	1083	Orpustan			Village
	Ahese	1170	Orpustan
	Aheze	1170	Orpustan
	de Hetsa	1249	Orpustan
	Villa quœ dicitur Ahece	12th century	Raymond	3	Bayonne
	Aheze	13th century	Raymond	3	Bayonne
	Ahetce	1302	Raymond	3	Chapter
	Ahetze	19th century	Lhande
Amisolako erreka	Amisola	1863	Raymond	5		Stream
Larrustaldéa	Larungoriz	13th century	Raymond	95	Bayonne	Village
Ouhas-Aldéa	Ouhas-Aldéa	1863	Raymond	129		Hamlet

Sources:

• Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy^[5]
• Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. (French)^[3]
• Lhande: Pierre Lhande, Basque-French Dictionary 1926

Origins:

• Bayonne: Cartulary of Bayonne or Livre d'Or (Book of Gold)^[6]
• Chapter: Titles of the Chapter of Bayonne^[7]

According to Eugène Goyheneche:^[8] "two houses (…) had medieval names of Akarreta and Haranbillaga".

History

In the Middle Ages the Compostela pilgrims who chose the passage along the Atlantic coast passed near Ahetze, Ibarron and the hospital (Ospitale Zaharra) in Sare. Others preferred to fork through part of Ahetze to reach the chapel Saint-Jacques of Serres and also visit Vera by passing by Olhette and the Ibardin Pass.^[9]

Heraldry

Blazon: Party per pale, one of Or a lion rampant of gules supporting a processional cross with six small bells all sable; two azure a pilgrim's stick of Or surmounted by two escallops the same..[10]

Administration

The Town Hall and the fronton

List of Successive Mayors of Ahetze^[11]

From	To	Name	Party	Position
1957	1971	Élie Charles Philippe Marie d'Elbée
1995	2008	Pierre Cocagne
2008	2011	Jean d'Elbée[12][13]		Oceanographer & Biologist
2011	2020	Philippe Élissalde		School Teacher, Director

(Not all data is known)

Inter-Communality

Ahetze is a member of 8 Intercommunal organisations:

• the Agglomeration of 'Sud Pays Basque
• the union of Ouhabia
• the intercommunal association of secondary schools of Saint-Jean-de-Luz
• the intercommunal association Nive-Nivelle
• the mixed association of Bizi Garbia
• the association to support Basque culture
• the joint association for drinking water from the Ura
• the joint sanitation association of the Ura

The commune is a member of the Basque Eurocity Bayonne - San Sebastian.

Demography

In 2009 the commune had 1,697 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.^{[Note 1]}

Population Change (See database)

1793	1800	1806	1821	1831	1836	1841	1846	1851
415	418	433	511	524	608	579	577	644

1856	1861	1866	1872	1876	1881	1886	1891	1896
620	605	595	567	553	543	540	529	533

1901	1906	1911	1921	1926	1931	1936	1946	1954
550	523	537	485	456	507	459	428	460

1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2009	-
479	484	567	869	1,069	1,318	1,452	1,697	-

Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)

The commune is part of the urban area of Bayonne.

Economy

The 2006 classification by INSEE indicated the median household incomes for each commune with more than 50 households (30,687 communes out of 36,681 communes identified)^[14] classed Ahetze at the rank of 7,693 with an average income of €17,944.

The flea market takes place every third Sunday of the month and regularly attracts lovers of antiques from the Paris region, to the Spanish communes all around and contributes to the economic revitalization of the village which has mainly agricultural activity.

The commune part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.

Culture and heritage

Languages

The Map of the Seven Basque Provinces established by Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte in 1863 indicated that the Basque dialect spoken in Ahetze is labourdin.

Festivals

Established in 1971, the Committee of Festivals of Ahetze (Ahetzeko Mozkor Banda) organises the following events: wheat threshing, dance evenings, a gala of Basque rural sports, loto, and employers' festivals that take place between 25 October and 11 November.

Civil heritage

• The Ostalapia farm, now a restaurant, is a former way station on the road to Saint Jacques de Compostela and long before was a haven for the Guethariars and Bidartars when they were attacked by pirates from the ocean or by robbers. There are some boulders once used for walls in the parking area.
• Some old Baserri dating from the 17th and 18th centuries, some of which have been extended over time. New construction follows the Labourdin style.

• 

  Lintel dating from 1655

• 

  House extension

• 

  Modern Baserri (late 20th century)

• 

  Basque House under a storm

• 

  Hilarri^[1]

1. ^ Another Hilarri from Ahetze is displayed in the Bayonne Basque History Museum.

Religious heritage

The Church of Saint Martin (16th century) is registered as an historical monument.^[15] The church contains a number of items that are registered as historical objects:

• • A Retable and 7 Paintings (1700)^[16]
  • A Processional Cross (15th century).^[17] This cross, whose arms are garnished with bells, was used in witchcraft trials in the year 1609 to the outrage of Councilor Lancre^[18] who saw it as an evil object. The carvings on the Cross represent the faces of Christ, the Virgin, Saint John, a pelican, and two women's heads. On the back of the cross there is the representation of a Bishop, undoubtedly Saint Martin.^[8]
  • A Statue: Virgin of the Assumption (18th century)^[19]
  • A Statue: Saint Jacques dressed as a pilgrim (18th century)^[20]

Eugène Goyheneche^[8] noted that the church quite exceptionally possessed a register of Catholics in Basque.

The Church Picture Gallery

• 

  Church of Saint-Martin

• 

  The bell tower seen from the village

• 

  Entrance to the Church

• 

  The Church

• 

  Close up of the Bells in the church

• 

  The choir of the church

• 

  Interior of the church

• 

  Altar with two pelerins of St. James

• 

  Altar piece detail: The Annunciation

• 

  Altar piece detail: Anna greeting Maria

• 

  Stained glass in the church

• 

  Stained Glass, Lady of the Rosary

Environmental heritage

On the heights of Ahetze all the Basque mountains near the Atlantic are visible: the Rhune, the Mondarrain, the Artzamendi, and the Ursuia in France as well as the Three Crowns in Spain.

• 

  View of the Mondarrain (750m) and the Artzamendi (906m)

• 

  La Rhune view from Ahetze

• 

  The Three Crowns, (Spain)

• 

  The Besaingo erreka

• 

  Watermill on the Besaingo erreka

Facilities

Sports and sports facilities

Ahetze has two Frontons, one is old and built into the wall of the town hall, a second was completed in 2008 as part of the new development of the town.

A Trinquet called Pantxoa Sein is next to the primary school.

A marked fitness trail runs through the south-east of the village.

• 

  The Fronton next to the Town Hall

• 

  Plaque at the entrance to the Trinquet

Education

Ahetze has a primary school and a nursery.

Health

Ahetze has several health services: a general practitioner, a dentist, a nurse, a physiotherapist, and a speech therapist.

Notable People linked to the commune

Statue of Mattin Treku, sculpted by Piarres Erdozaintzi^{[Note 2]}

• Mattin Treku,^[21] born on 11 November 1916 in Ahetze and died on 22 July 1981 in the same commune, was a Bertsolari (singer of bertso) renowned in French Basque Country.
• Morton H. Levine,^[22][23] born in California and died in 1982, was a North American Anthropologist who, during the 1960s, conducted the first research that highlighted specific Basque haematology with the entire population of the villages of Macaye and Ahetze.^[24] These studies put in evidence in relation to the surrounding population the high frequency of blood group O and Rh negative and the particularities of distribution of Gm antigens and HL-A.

See also

• Arrondissements of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department
• Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

Notes

1. At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002, the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" which allow, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For municipalities with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these municipalities is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.
2. Piarres Erdozaintzi is a sculptor born in 1957, resident in Saint-Just-Ibarre - Source: Harria et herria, Pierre et pays, Bulletin du Musée basque, 2003 (French)

References

1. Inhabitants of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
2. SANDRE Notice for Ahetze (French)
3. Raymond, Paul (1863). Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees (in French). Imprimerie nationale. (Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011)
4. Géoportail, IGN (French)
5. Orpustan, Jean-Baptiste (2006). New Basque Toponymy (in French). Presses universitaires de Bordeaux. ISBN 2 86781 396 4.
6. Manuscript from the 14th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
7. Chapter of Bayonne in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
8. Eugène Goyheneche, Basque Country: Soule, Labourd, Lower Navarre, Société nouvelle d’éditions régionales et de diffusion, Pau, 1979, BnF FRBNF34647711 (French)
9. Philippe Veyrin, The Basques, Arthaud, 1975, ISBN 2 7003 0038 6, page 53. (French)
10. Guy Ascarat
11. List of Mayors of France (French)
12. At a council meeting on 21 September 2011, Mayor Jean d'Elbée, in response to a blockage of the decision-making process, called for the resignation of the entire council. After two rounds of municipal elections on 20 and 27 November 2011 Philippe Elissalde was elected mayor
13. "Count rendered by the Municipal Council on 21 September 2011" (PDF) (in French).
14. Statistical Summary by commune, department, and employment sector, INSEE, consulted on 9 September 2009 (French)
15. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084305 Church of Saint Martin (French)
16. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM64000023 Retable and 7 Paintings (French)
17. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM64000022 Processional Cross (French)
18. Philippe Veyrin, The Basques, Arthaud, 1975, ISBN 2 7003 0038 6, page 303. (French)
19. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM64000731 Statue: Virgin of the Assumption (French)
20. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM64000730 Statue: Saint Jacques dressed as a pilgrim (French)
21. "Xalbador eta Mattin". YouTube.
22. http://www.euskomedia.org/aunamendi/80869
23. Claude Dendaletche, The Basque Archipelago, Éditions Privat - Cahors, 2005, ISBN 2 7089 5619 1, page 133 (French)
24. The results of these studies were published in 1967 (The Basques Natural History, New York, J. Dausset, L. Legrand, M. H. Levine M. H., J. C. Quilice, M. Colombani, J. Ruffié), 1972 (Genetic Structure and Distribution of HL-A Antigens in a Basque village, in "Histocompatibility Testing", Copenhague, J. Ruffie, M. H. Levine, M. Blanc, P. Richard), 1972 (A New lmmunoglobulin haplotype Gm (-1, -17, 21) in a Kurdish isolate and in a French Basque village, M. H. Levine, J. Ruffie, H. Darrasse) and in 1973 (Basque Isolation: I A Hemaypological Survey of Basque Villages)

External links

• Official website (French)
• INSEE (French)
• Ahetze in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa) (Spanish)
• 25 photos of Ahetze (French)
• Ahetze on Lion1906
• Ahetze on the 1750 Cassini Map
• Ahetze on the INSEE website (French)