Barcus

Barcus
Barcus

Coordinates: 43°11′23″N 0°46′16″W / 43.1897°N 0.7711°W / 43.1897; -0.7711Coordinates: 43°11′23″N 0°46′16″W / 43.1897°N 0.7711°W / 43.1897; -0.7711
Country France
Region Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes
Department Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement Oloron-Sainte-Marie
Canton Mauléon-Licharre
Intercommunality Soule-Xiberoa
Government
 • Mayor (2001–2020) Jean-Marc Baranthol
Area1 46.93 km2 (18.12 sq mi)
Population (2010)2 734
 • Density 16/km2 (41/sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code 64093 / 64130
Elevation 176–793 m (577–2,602 ft)
(avg. 328 m or 1,076 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Barcus (Basque: Barkoxe) is a French commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Aquitaine region of southwestern France in the former province of Soule.[1]

The inhabitants of the commune are known in French as Barcusiens or Barcusiennes[2] and in Basque as Barkoxtar.[3]

Geography

Location

Barcus is located in the Massif des Arbailles in the former province of Soule some 25 km south by south-east of Sauveterre-de-Béarn and 12 km west of Oloron-Sainte-Marie. The commune covers a complex of valleys[4] formed by the course of the Joos and its left and right tributaries - the Paradis district, for example, is located on the Ibarra and the former hamlet of Guibelhéguiet is on a tributary of the Joos.

Access

Access to the commune is by the D24 road from Chéraute in the west which passes through the centre of the commune and continues east to Esquiule. The D347 branches from the D26 west of the village and goes south to Tardets-Sorholus. The D59 comes from Saint-Goin in the north-east through the village and continues south down the eastern side of the commune to Montory. The D859 branches off the D59 in the north of the commune and goes north to join the D25 north of the commune. The D159 branches of the D59 half-way down the commune and goes east to join the D24 east of Esquiule. The D459 branches off the D59 in the south of the commune and goes south-east to Lanne-en-Barétous.[5][6]

Hydrography

The commune is located in the drainage basin of the Adour. The Joos river rises west of the commune and flows east across the commune then north, forming the eastern border of the commune, continuing north-east to eventually join the Gave d'Oloron at Préchacq-Josbaig. Many tributaries rise in the commune and flow east into the Joos including the Bouhatéko erreka, the arréc of Etchanchu, the Handia, the Oyhanart erreka, the arriou of Soulou, the Sustaris erreka, and the Ibarra stream (7 km long) with its tributaries, the Ruisseau Ibarra (4.4 km, which is joined in the commune by the Askontchilo erreka and the Athaketa stream) and the Lecheguita stream (also with its tributary the Ilharra stream). Paul Raymond[7] mentioned another tributary of the Joos crossing Barcus called the Guibéléguiet with its tributary the Paradis.

Tributaries of the Lausset, which also flows into the Gave d'Oloron, also pass though the commune such as the Ascania stream and the Ibarle stream with its tributary the Ambelseko erreka.

Finally the Ruisseau de Lacoste, a sub-tributary of the arréc of Bitole also crosses the commune.[5]

Places and Hamlets

There are a large number of places and hamlets in the commune:[6]

  • Agaras[7]
  • Agor (border)
  • Agorria
  • Aguerborda
  • Aguerret
  • Aistor
  • Alkkatia
  • Ahargo
  • Ainus
  • Alhorchar
  • Arambeaux
  • Aramburu
  • Aranéder
  • Arangaray
  • Arhanchet
  • Arthaxet
  • Artheguiet
  • Artzanüthürry[4]
  • Askain
  • Askonobiet
  • Askoz
  • Askozborda
  • Athaket
  • Athakéta
  • Ayscar
  • Bagardikoborda
  • Baralegne (pass)
  • Barbieborda
  • Barbieko Eyhéra
  • Barcardats
  • Barcochbide
  • Barnetche
  • Barrenkia
  • Belloya
  • Beltchun
  • Beltzantzuburu
  • Berhaburu
  • Berho
  • Bermaillou
  • Betan
  • Beteria
  • Bidau
  • Bigne (pass)
  • Biscay[7]
  • Bohogu
  • Bordabegoïty
  • Bordaburia
  • Bordacharia
  • Bordagay
  • Bordagoyhen
  • Bordetta
  • Burgia
  • Cabana
  • Cachau
  • Chiloua
  • Choko
  • Chourikoborro
  • Cocutchia
  • Cotabaren
  • Cotiart
  • Coyos
  • Coyosborda
  • La Croix Blanche
  • Curutchiga
  • Doronda
  • Duque
  • Eihartzéta
  • Elhar
  • Elhurdoy
  • Eperrape
  • Eperregagne
  • Erguillota
  • Errande
  • Errékartéa
  • Espel
  • Espelia
  • Estecondo
  • Etchahoun
  • Etchanchu
  • Etchandy
  • Etchartéa
  • Etchebarne
  • Etcheberriborda
  • Etcheberry (2 places)
  • Etchecopaberria
  • Etchegoren
  • Eyharche
  • Eyhartzet
  • Eyhea
  • Eyheregaray (2 places)
  • Eyhéramendy
  • Fabiania
  • Gagnéko Borda
  • Galharetborda
  • Garay
  • Garrat
  • Gastellondo[7]
  • Gorostordoy
  • Gorrostibar
  • Goyheneix
  • Goyheski
  • Goyhetsia
  • Goytolia
  • Guibelhéguiet[7]
  • Haritchast
  • Haritchelhar
  • Harritchilondo
  • Haubiga
  • Hégoburu[7]
  • Héguiapal
  • Héguitchoussy
  • Ibar
  • Ibarrondo
  • Idiart
  • Ihitzaga
  • Ilharra
  • Itchal
  • Jacobia
  • Jaureguiberry[7]
  • Lagune
  • Lapitz
  • Lapitzia
  • Larragorry
  • Larranda
  • Larrandabuia
  • Larrasquet
  • Larrorry
  • Laxague
  • Laxagueborda
  • Lecheguita (pass, 653 m)
  • Legegaray
  • Lépazka
  • Lescarpé
  • Logeborde
  • Lohidoy
  • Lohidoyborda
  • Lojaborda
  • Malobra
  • Maysonnave
  • Menusketa
  • Mercaptpide
  • Mercaptpide Borda
  • Mignaborda
  • Miranda
  • Mocho
  • Montokoaltéa
  • Muskogorry
  • Nissibart
  • Oholéguy
  • Oilher
  • Ondarzuhia
  • Ordanoulet
  • Ostallaborda
  • Oyhanart
  • Paradis[7]
  • Pelento
  • Pellen
  • Perkain
  • Petchia
  • Petillon
  • Picochet
  • Pinka
  • Pordoy
  • Potho
  • Princi
  • Princiborda
  • Puchulu
  • Restoy
  • Sagardoyhégui
  • Salaber
  • Salazar
  • Salazarborda
  • Salhanka
  • Sapiula
  • Sardo
  • Saruborda
  • Seceneguiet
  • Sinto
  • Sorhotus
  • Suhatsola
  • Thias
  • Topet
  • Udoy[7]
  • Uhalt
  • Uhaltborda
  • Uhart[7]
  • Urrustoy
  • Urruty
  • Uthuère
  • Uthurralt
  • Uthurry
  • Zatzoury

Mapping

A list of online mapping systems can be displayed by clicking on the coordinates (latitude and longitude) in the top right hand corner of this article. None of these maps, however, show the extent of nor any information on the commune.

Neighbouring communes and villages[5]

 Berrogain-Laruns Gurs Saint-Goin
Roquiague Esquiule
   Barcus  
Tardets-Sorholus Montory Aramits

Toponymy

The commune name in Basque is Barkoxe.[3]

Jean-Baptiste Orpustan proposes a Basque etymological construction in two parts. The first element barr meaning "located inside, at the bottom" is joined to the element -koiz to approximate the Basque goiz meaning "morning or east". Barcus is located in a low valley to the east which justifies the Orpustan analysis.[4]

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Name Spelling Date Source Page Origin Description
Barcus Barcuys 1384 Raymond
21
 Navarrenx Village
Barcuix 1462 Raymond
21
 Oloron
Sent-Saubador de Barcuix 1470 Raymond
21
 Ohix
Barcoys 1520 Raymond
21
 Customs
Barcois 1520 Orpustan
204
Barcux 1580 Raymond
21
 Luxe
Barcinx 1650 Raymond
21
 Guienne
Barcuix 1690 Orpustan
204
Bareus 1801 Bulletin des lois
Agaras Agarassi 1479 Raymond
3
 Ohix Farm
Bilapu Bilapu 1520 Raymond
31
 Customs Farm
Biscay Biscaya 1479 Raymond
32
 Ohix Farm
Charritet Charritet 1520 Raymond
48
 Customs Farm
Gastellondo Gastézoszo 1863 Raymond
68
 Hamlet
Guibelhéguiet Guibelleguiet 1479 Raymond
73
 Ohix Hamlet
Guibéléguiet-Ibarra 1863 Raymond
73
Hégoburu Hégoaburu 1479 Raymond
77
 Ohix Farm
Hégobure 1863 Raymond
77
Iriard Iriard 1520 Raymond
83
 Customs Farm
Jaureguiberry Jauréguiberry-Harra 1863 Raymond
85
 Hamlet
Larréja Larréja 1863 Raymond
94
 Hamlet
Le Paradis Le Paradis 1863 Raymond
131
 Chapel and Stream
Udoy Udoy 1479 Raymond
170
 Ohix Farm
Uhart Uhart 1520 Raymond
170
 Customs Farm
A Chapel in Barcus

Sources:

Origins:

History

Jean-Baptiste Orpustan noted that the commune was a former "royal town".

Paul Raymond on page 21 of his 1863 dictionary noted that the commune had a Lay Abbey, vassal of the Viscounts of Soule. In 1790 Barcus was the capital of a Canton dependent on the District of Mauleon Licharre and made up of the communes of Barcus, L'Hôpital-Saint-Blaise, and Roquiague.[7]

Barcus appears as Barcux on the 1750 Cassini Map[13] and the same on the 1790 version.[14]

Administration

List of Successive Mayors[15]

From To Name Party Position
1935 1954 Ambroise Bethular
1954 1989 Jean-Baptiste Jaureguiberry
1989 1995 François Uthurry
1995 2001 Jean Barneix
2001 2020 Jean-Marc Baranthol

(Not all data is known)

Inter-communality

The commune is part of five inter-communal structures:

Demography

The Journal by Pierre Casalivetery, Notary at Mauléon, during 1460-1481 counted 26 fires at Barcus and 210 for the years 1540-1548, indicating a rapidly growing population.[16]

In 2010 the commune had 734 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger communes that have a sample survey every year.[Note 1]

Population Change (See database)
1793 1800 1806 1821 1831 1836 1841 1846 1851
2,299 2,229 2,370 1,921 2,497 2,472 2,372 2,303 2,341
1856 1861 1866 1872 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896
2,119 2,091 2,007 1,807 1,740 1,781 1,740 1,692 1,614
1901 1906 1911 1921 1926 1931 1936 1946 1954
1,591 1,549 1,602 1,350 1,365 1,322 1,340 1,200 1,113
1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2010 -
1,101 990 957 916 788 774 - 734 -

Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)

Economy

Economic activity is mainly oriented towards agriculture (mixed farming and sheep farming). The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone designation of Ossau-iraty.

Culture and heritage

The Church and the Fronton

Civil heritage

Religious heritage

Cultural events

The 2009 Pastoral in Barcus

In 2009 Barcus organised a Pastoral, a Soule traditional show mixing theatre, dancing and singing. There is a Pastoral throughout winter until April on Sundays in other villages of Soule.

Notable people linked to the commune

See also

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by Law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002, the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" allows, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For communes with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these communes is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.
  2. ↑ A prehistoric fortified place

References

  1. ↑ Barcus on Lion1906
  2. ↑ Inhabitants of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  3. 1 2 Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque language (Spanish)
  4. 1 2 3 4 Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, p. 204-205, ISBN 2 86781 396 4 (French)
  5. 1 2 3 Barcus on Google Maps
  6. 1 2 Barcus on the Géoportail from National Geographic Institute (IGN) website (French)
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 (French)
  8. ↑ Notaries of Navarrenx in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  9. ↑ Notaries of Oloron-Sainte-Marie in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  10. ↑ Manuscripts from the 15th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  11. ↑ Customs of Soule in 1520, printed at Pau in 1760 (French)
  12. ↑ Titles of Luxe in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  13. ↑ Barcux on the 1750 Cassini Map
  14. ↑ Barcux on the 1790 Cassini Map
  15. ↑ List of Mayors of France (French)
  16. ↑ Journal de Pierris Casalivetery, transcribed and published by Jean de Jaurgain in the Archives historiques de la Gascogne, 1909, cited by Manex Goyhenetche in his Histoire générale du Pays basque III: Évolution économique et sociale du xvie au xviiie siècle, Vol. 3, Donostia/Bayonne, Elkarlanean, 2001, 411 p. (ISBN 8483317443 and 9788483317440, OCLC 466971263), p. 24. The same work by Manex Goyhenetche indicated on page 284 that there was an average population of 5.5 persons per fire.
  17. ↑ Vincent Mistrot and Christophe Sirieix, preface by Alain Juppé, In Gallic Times, Aquitaine before Caesar, éditions errance, September 2012, pp. 76-77 (catalogue of the exposition) (French)
  18. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000735 Church of the Ascension (French)
  19. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM64000553 Bronze bell (French)
  20. ↑ Philippe Veyrin, The Basques, p. 76, Arthaud, 20 December 1975, ISBN 2700300386 (French)
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