Audaux

Audaux
The Audaux Lavoir (Public laundry)
Audaux
Location within Aquitaine region  Audaux
Coordinates: 43°21′32″N 0°47′27″W / 43.3589°N 0.7908°WCoordinates: 43°21′32″N 0°47′27″W / 43.3589°N 0.7908°W
Country	France
Region	Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes
Department	Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement	Oloron-Sainte-Marie
Canton	Navarrenx
Intercommunality	Canton de Navarrenx
Government
• Mayor (2014–2020)	Charlette Laborde
Area^1	7.33 km^2 (2.83 sq mi)
Population (2010)^2	187
• Density	26/km^2 (66/sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code	64075 / 64190
Elevation	98–229 m (322–751 ft) (avg. 127 m or 417 ft)
^1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. ^2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Audaux is a French commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Aquitaine region of south-western France.

Geography

Audaux is located some 18 km south of Orthez and 6 km north-west of Navarrenx. Access to the commune is by the D27 road from Bugnein in the south-east passing through the south of the commune and the village and continuing to Laàs in the west. The D427 branches off the D27 in the commune and goes to Castetbon in the north. The D947 highway passes through the north of the commune as it goes from Bastanès in the south-east to Orthez. Apart from the village there is the hamlet of Geup west of the village and Lacamoire in the north of the commune on the D947. The commune is mixed forest and farmland with most of the land area farmland.^[1]

The Gave d'Oloron forms all of the south-western border as it flows north-west to join the Gave de Pau forming the Gaves réunis at Peyrehorade. The Barthes forms the eastern border of the commune as it flows south to join the Gave d'Oloron. The Ruisseau de Labaigt flows south through the centre of the commune and through Geap to join the Gave d'Oloron. The Saleys river flows across the north of the commune from east to west and it continues north-west to join the Gave d'Oloron east of Saint-Pé-de-Léren.^[1]

Places and hamlets^[2]

• Andréou (ruins)
• Anglade
• Arées^[3]
• Aureyte (fountain)
• Baherle
• Bendéjac
• Camous
• Camp des Maures
• Capdeville
• Les Carrérasses
• Casenave
• Castet
• Coos
• Coustet
• L'Esquille
• Geup
• Hountet
• Hourpélat
• Hourquabillé
• Hourracq
• Laborde
• Lacamoire
• Lafouillère
• Lalanne
• Mirassou
• Le Moulin
• La Pépinière
• Perdigué
• Puyalou
• Saut
• Les Vignes

Neighbouring communes and villages^[1]

Toponymy

The commune name in béarnais is Audaus. Michel Grosclaude proposed a possible etymology from an Aquitaine man's name Aldene with the suffix -os.^[4]

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Name	Spelling	Date	Source	Page	Origin	Description
Audaux	Aldeos	11th century	Grosclaude			Village
	Aldaus	11th century	Raymond	16	Marca
	Audaus	1178	Raymond	16	Duchesne
	Sent Bisentz d'Audaus	1612	Raymond	16	Insinuations
	Audaux	1750	Grosclaude		Cassini
	Andaux	1801	Cassini		Bulletin des lois
Arées	Arees	1385	Raymond	9	Census	Farm
	Arès	1863	Raymond	9
La Camoire	Lo molin de La Camoere	1571	Raymond	39	Reformation	Hamlet
Conques	Los Conquees	1476	Raymond	52	Castetner	Hamlet & Fief dependent on the bailiwick of Larbaig and vassal of the Marquis of Gassion
	Conquez	1686	Raymond	52	Reformation
	Conquetz	1728	Raymond	52	Gassion
Coos	Lo Cos	1385	Raymond	52	Census	Farm
Les Marsains	Los Marsains	1289	Raymond	109	Camptort	Fief dependent on the Marquis of Gassion
	Los Marsanhs	1376	Raymond	109	Military
	Los Marssaynz	1540	Raymond	109	Reformation
	Les Marsans	1683	Raymond	109	Reformation
	Marsoinx	1719	Raymond	109	Enumeration
	Marseings	1728	Raymond	109	Gassion

Sources:

• Grosclaude: Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn, 2006 (French)^[4]
• Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. (French)^[3]
• Cassini: Communal Notice on Cassini website (French)

Origins:

• Marca: Pierre de Marca, History of Béarn.^[5]
• Duchesne: Duchesne collection volume CXIV^[6]
• Insinuations: Insinuations of the Diocese of Oloron^[7]
• Cassini: Cassini Map from 1750^[8]
• Census: Census of Béarn^[9]
• Reformation: Reformation of Béarn^[10]
• Castetner: Notaries of Castetner^[11]
• Gassion: Enumeration of Gassion^[12]
• Camptort: Titles of Camptort^[13]
• Military: Military Inspection of Béarn^[14]
• Enumeration: Enumeration of Audaux^[12]

History

Paul Raymond noted on page 16 of his 1863 dictionary that in 1385 the commune depended on the bailiwick of Navarrenx and had 84 fires. Audaux was dependent of the Marquis of Gassion.^[3]

Administration

List of Successive Mayors^[15]

From	To	Name	Party	Position
1995	2014	Marc Leprat
2014	2020	Charlette Laborde

(Not all data is known)

Inter-communality

The commune is part of eight inter-communal structures:

• the Community of communes of the Canton of Navarrenx;
• the AEP association of Navarrenx;
• the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
• the association for promotion of Navarrenx;
• the association for schools in Gaveausset;
• the inter-communal association for sanitation Audaux - Bugnein 2 AB;
• the inter-communal association for the gaves and the Saleys river;
• the joint oak forest association for the basque and bearnais valleys;

Demography

In 2010 the commune had 187 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.^{[Note 1]}

Population Change (See database)

1793	1800	1806	1821	1831	1836	1841	1846	1851
432	331	375	370	325	332	434	454	444

1856	1861	1866	1872	1876	1881	1886	1891	1896
457	415	401	395	382	408	420	376	372

1901	1906	1911	1921	1926	1931	1936	1946	1954
346	322	318	305	264	257	234	295	366

1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2010	-
244	270	264	215	203	220	-	187	-

Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)

Audaux is the commune with the highest proportion of non-permanent population (e.g. pupils in boarding schools) in the whole Aquitaine region. This is due to the private boarding school of Sainte-Bernadette having 110 students boarding there.

Economy

Economic activity in the commune is mainly agricultural. The commune lies in the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.

Culture and heritage

The Gassion Chateau with a hot air balloon

Since 1991 the village has held a rally of hot air balloons on the second weekend in July.

Civil heritage

Aerial view of the Chateau of Audaux

The commune has one building that is registered as a historical monument:

• The Chateau of Audaux (1659).^[16] Since 1943 the chateau has belonged to the Foundation of Apprentices of Auteuil who have established a private scholastic institution called DSainte-Bernadette. Although it is a private castle, it can be visited with a historian guide during Heritage Day on the 2nd Sunday in September, on open days for the institution in late May, and during the "Castle Festival" in mid-July.

Facilities

Education

The commune has an elementary school as well as the private institution of Sainte-Bernadette which has a college, a professional school, and a masonry apprenticeship unit.^[17]

Notable people linked to the commune

• Isaac de Porthau, called Porthos, was a French military man born at Pau on 2 February 1617. He was the inspiration for Alexandre Dumas for the fictitious character Porthos in his novel The Three Musketeers. He came from a Béarnais Protestant family originally from Audaux.

See also

• Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

External links

• Audaux Commune website (French)
• Audaux on the Community of communes of the Canton of Navarrenx website (French)
• Audaux on Google Maps
• Audaux on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website (French)
• Audaux on the 1750 Cassini Map
• Audaux on the INSEE website (French)
• INSEE (French)

Notes and references

Notes

1. At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by Law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002, the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" allows, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For communes with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these communes is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.

References

1. Google Maps
2. Géoportail, IGN (French)
3. Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 (French)
4. Michel Grosclaude, Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn, Edicions reclams & Édition Cairn - 2006, 416 pages, ISBN 2-35068-005-3 (French)
5. Pierre de Marca, History of Béarn
6. Duchesne Collection, volumes 99 to 114, containing the papers of Oihenart, former Imperial Librarian - Bibliothèque nationale de France
7. Manuscripts from the 17th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
8. Cassini Map 1750 - Asson
9. Manuscript from the 14th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
10. Manuscript from the 16th to 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
11. Notaries of Castetner - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
12. Manuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
13. Titles of Camptort in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
14. Manuscript from 1376 in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
15. List of Mayors of France (French)
16. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084325 Chateau (French)
17. Sainte-Bernadette School page on the Apprentices of Auteuil website (French)