Arcangues

For the Thoroughbred racehorse, see Arcangues (horse).
Arcangues

Arcangues Town Hall

Coat of arms
Arcangues

Coordinates: 43°26′15″N 1°31′11″W / 43.4375°N 1.5197°W / 43.4375; -1.5197Coordinates: 43°26′15″N 1°31′11″W / 43.4375°N 1.5197°W / 43.4375; -1.5197
Country France
Region Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes
Department Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement Bayonne
Canton Ustaritz
Intercommunality Errobi
Government
 • Mayor (2014–2020) Philippe Echeverria
Area1 17.47 km2 (6.75 sq mi)
Population (2009)2 3,116
 • Density 180/km2 (460/sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code 64038 / 64200
Elevation 4–140 m (13–459 ft)
(avg. 60 m or 200 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Arcangues (Basque: Arrangoitze) is a French commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Aquitaine region of southwestern France in what was formerly the Basque province of Labourd.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Arcanguais or Arcanguaises[1][2] or Arrangoiztar in basque.[3]

Geography

The Arms of Arcangues

Location

Arcangues belongs to the urban area of Bayonne and is located some 10 km south by south-west of Bayonne, 8 km south-east of Biarritz, and 6 km north-west of Ustaritz.

Access

The A63 autoroute passes through the northern tip of the commune with the nearest exit being Exit  4  to the west of the commune but the slightly farther Exit  5  to the east connects directly to the D3 road which passes south through the commune and the village to Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle. There is also the D755 which branches off the D3 in the north of the commune and continues south through the west of the commune to join the D255 on the commune's south-western border. The D933 road from Anglet to Ustaritz also passes through the eastern tip of the commune with a roundabout linking to country roads in the commune.[4]

Hydrography

Located in the Drainage basin of the Adour, the commune is traversed[5] by numerous streams including the Uhabia, a small coastal river, and its tributary the Alotz stream whose tributary the Amestpoya passes through the village and whose many other tributaries cover the whole commune. In the east the Barbarako Erreka flows north to join the Harriet, a tributary of the Nive.

Places and hamlets

  • Ablaintz[6]
  • Abots[6]
  • Amestoia
  • Arantzeta
  • Arantzetakoborda
  • Arnega
  • Berriotz[6]
  • Bidauenea
  • Borda Chipia
  • Bordabaxea
  • Bordattoa
  • le Bosquet
  • Chapelet
  • la Chapelle[6]
  • le Château
  • Chouroumillatché[6]
  • Dornarieta[6]
  • Ehailenborda
  • Errota Handia
  • Errotaxipia
  • Etchegaraya
  • Garaten Borda
  • Gastelhur[6]
  • Gorriaenea
  • Haranburua
  • Harretchea
  • Hirigoina
  • Hotchaenea
  • Kalonjaenea
  • Kastillaborda
  • Lahiton
  • Lanchipiette
  • Larrebidea
  • Larreburua
  • Larrechurria
  • Logis d'Arbela
  • Lortenea
  • Marittipienea
  • Mendibista
  • Moulin d'Alotz[6]
  • Othe Xuria
  • Othe Zahar[6]
  • Oyhambidea
  • Planuya
  • Sainte-Barbe[6]
  • Salazaharia
  • Salha
  • Teileria
  • Xurrumilatx

Neighbouring communes and villages

 Biarritz Biarritz-Anglet-Bayonne Airport Bassussarry
Arbonne Villefranque
   Arcangues  
Ahetze Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle Ustaritz
Golf course at Arcangues
Cemetery at Arcangues with its characteristic basque headstones

Toponymy

The basque name of the commune is Arrangoitze.[3]

Jean-Baptiste Orpustan[7] proposed a joining of the basque words ar-gain, meaning "high rock", and -goiz meaning "an open position facing east" which results in the compound meaning "high rocks facing east".

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Name Spelling Date Source Page Origin Description
Arcangues Archangos 1170 Orpustan
31
 Village
Archagos 1170 Orpustan
31
Archagos 12th century Raymond
9
 Bayonne Village
Arcangos 1249 Orpustan
31
Arcangos 1255 Raymond
9
 Bayonne
Archangos 13th century Raymond
9
Argangois 1302 Raymond
9
 Chapter
Argangos 1302 Raymond
9
 Chapter
Saint-Jean-Baptiste d'Arcangos 16th century Raymond
9
 Collations
Ablaintz Ablaintz 1083 Goyheneche
Naubeis 1149 Goyheneche (Naubeys in Gascon
Abots Abots 1863 Raymond
2
 Village
Alotz Alots 1863 Raymond
5
 Stream which gave its name to the Moulin d'Alotz with a source in Arcangues and fed the Uhabia.
Berriotz Le Bois de Berriots 13th century Raymond
29
 Bayonne Wood
La Chapelle La Chapelle 1863 Raymond
48
 Hamlet
Chourroumilatch Chouroumillatché 1863 Raymond
50
 Mill
Dornadieta Dornariette 1863 Raymond
57
 Hamlet
Gastelhur Gaztelur 1401 Arcangues
68
 Farm
Gastelur 1764 Raymond
68
 Collations There was a prebend of its name in the Church of Arcangues
Gastellur 1863 Raymond
68
Jauréguia Jauréguia 1863 Raymond
85
 Farm
Othe Zahar Othéçarra 1863 Raymond
129
 Wood
Sainte-Barbe Sainte-Barbe 1863 Raymond
146
 A rise in the land between Arcangues and Ustaritz

Sources:

Origins:

History

The lordship of Arcangues

The lordship of Arcangues has been mentioned since the 12th century.[9] Sanche d'Arcangues[10] and Aner de Archangos were cited as witnesses or guarantors of real estate transactions between 1150 and 1170.

Plague

The beginning of the 16th century in Labourd was marked by the appearance of the plague. The Gascon registers[13] track its expansion. on 8 February 1517 the plague was reported in Arcangues.

The King's Prosecutors

The office of King's Prosecutor belonged to the Arcangues family from the 17th century. Also Laurent, Lord and patron of Arcangues, Curutcheta, and Elissagaray was prosecutor of the Bailiwick of Labourd from 1614 to 1643.[14] His son Jean d'Arcangues received the office of King's Prosecutor by letters patent of Louis XIII of 4 July 1643. Pierre d'Arcangues continued in the office from 1670 to 1692. Finally Squire Gaspard d'Arcangues, Lord and patron of Arcangues and Curutcheta was the last family member to hold the office from 15 April 1714 to 1749.

The Marquis of Iranda[9]

Squire Michel d'Arcangues, Lord and patron of Arcangues and Curutcheta, baptised at Bayonne on 17 October 1719, captain of the provincial militia of Labourd, married to Rose d'Aragorri (1722-1758), by which the title of Spanish Marquis of Iranda[15] passed to their son Nicolas François Xavier d'Arcangues (Arcangues, 1753 - Saint-Pierre-d'Irube 1826). Rights to this title was authorized in France for life in April 1781 by letters patent of Louis XVI.

Michel Louis d'Arcangues (San Sebastian, 1790 - Bayonne, 1868) was the fourth Spanish Marquis of Iranda, Mayor of Arcangues for forty years and General Counsel for Basses-Pyrénées.

His eldest son, Alexis d'Arcangues (Bayonne, 1821 - Saint-Pierre-d'Irube 1877), succeeded him. He was mayor of Villefranque then Arcangues and General Counsel for Basses-Pyrénées.

Miguel Marie (Bayonne, 1857 - Arcangues, 1915), the 6th Spanish Marquis of Iranda, succeeded him.

Pierre d'Arcangues, born 12 April 1886 in Paris and died on 22 May 1973 in Arcangues, the 7th Marquis, was a poet and novelist and the father of Guy d'Arcangues, the 8th Marquis of Iranda, Viscount of Ascubea, and writer, who wrote in particular Les Tambours de Septembre (The Drums of September).

The home to the Marquis d'Arcangues, the Chateau of Arcangues, was used as the Duke of Wellington's headquarters during the December 1813 Battle of the Nive in the Peninsular War. During the German occupation of France in World War II, the Nazis used the chateau as headquarters for its local troops.

The French Thoroughbred racehorse Arcangues, who was given the village's name, won the 1993 Breeders' Cup Classic at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California.

Heraldry

 Blazon:

Party per cross, first Argent, a tree eradicated of Vert and a lion passant of Gules over the trunk; second and third Azure, a cross of Or; fourth Gules with three pigeons Argent in line on a terrace in base Vert; over all an Inescutcheon of Gules with three chevrons of Or.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors[16]

Mayors from 1929
From To Name Party Position
1929 1969 Pierre d'Arcangues
1969 1971 Jean d'Arcangues
1971 1983 Albert Viala
1983 2014 Jean-Michel Colo
2014 2020 Philippe Echeverria

(Not all data is known)

Inter-communality

Arcangues is part of seven inter-communal structures:

The commune is part of the Basque Bayonne - San Sebastian Eurocity.

Demography

In 2009 the commune had 3,116 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.[Note 1]

Population Change (See database)
1793 1800 1806 1821 1831 1836 1841 1846 1851
680 617 761 836 889 982 964 994 1,055
1856 1861 1866 1872 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896
1,083 1,099 1,087 1,006 1,061 1,028 1,040 975 1,051
1901 1906 1911 1921 1926 1931 1936 1946 1954
1,084 1,072 1,093 1,028 1,062 1,271 1,149 1,110 1,160
1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2009 -
1,348 1,580 1,728 2,155 2,506 2,733 2,985 3,116 -

Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)

Economy

The town is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone designation of Ossau-iraty.

ETPM (Multiple Public Works Company) is an independent French company based in Arcangues whose main activity is the execution of works for electrical and telecommunication networks.

Culture and Heritage

The Brasket Fountain on the Town Hall square

The shutters of a Basque house, made with solid wood slats, are painted the same colour as the other wooden parts of the facades or framing. They are generally in a dark red called "basque red". There has also been, since the 19th century, a very dark blue - a kind of Prussian blue - and a "deep" dark green also as well as sometimes a very light gray. At Arcangues the Marquis, Pierre d'Arcangues, introduced a lighter blue, which has retained the name Blue of Arcangues.

It was in Arcangues that the first Seaska Ikastola was created in 1969.

Languages

According to the Map of the Seven Basque Provinces by Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte (1863), the Basque dialect spoken in Arcangues is Northern High Navarrese. However, the classification has changed. With new methodological criteria, the Basque dialectology has grown considerably in recent years and, according to the latest work by the philologist Koldo Zuazo, the Basque dialect used in Arcangues is Navarro-labourdin with an east-west sub-dialect. It is an intermediate sub-dialect combining the Navarro-labourdin sub-dialect of the east and the west.[17]

Until then not to be educated or to be illiterate was not a problem in the Basque Country. The inhabitants had their oral culture and that was enough to satisfy their needs. This lifestyle change radically in the 20th century and French replaced Basque in the general population since literacy was more useful in the dominant language. Then, in the late 1960s, a unified Basque was taught.[18] It in no way replaced the local dialect but had the objective to integrate all formal sectors such as radio, television, print, Internet, research, teaching, literature, administration, etc. In informal areas, however, the dialect is still used, especially in areas where there are native Basque speakers. Despite all these changes it seems that, in the medium term, the navarro-labourdin dialect may disappear with its speakers and be replaced by a unified language: batua.[19]

Civil heritage

Religious heritage

Church of Saint John the Baptist
Interior of the Church of Saint John the Baptist

Environmental heritage

Part of the territory of the commune belongs to the regional natural reserve of Errota Handia managed by the Academy of Natural Areas of Aquitaine who also manage the Chouroumillas (Xurrumilatx) Pond: a wetland located in the north-west of the commune.

Amenities

Sports and sports facilities

Other than the Lau-herri Society for Basque pelota, from where the professional champion Simon Haran originated, community life is organized around the Emak-Hor society which has rugby, handball, gymnastics, marching band, a male chorus (Adixkideak) and a folk group. The Golf course between Arcangues and Arbonne has safeguarded the environmental heritage of the town.

Education

The commune has a primary school.

Health

There is a pharmacy, a dentist, a GP, and physiotherapists.

Notable people linked to the commune

Tomb of Luis Mariano

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by Law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002, the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" allows, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For communes with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these communes is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.

References

  1. ↑ Inhabitants of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  2. ↑ Brigitte Jobbé-Duval, Dictionary of place names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 2009, Archives and Culture, ISBN 978-2-35077-151-9 (French)
  3. 1 2 Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque language (Basque)
  4. ↑ Google Maps
  5. ↑ Sandre Notice on Arcangues, Sandre (French)
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 (French)
  7. 1 2 Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, p. 31 ISBN 2 86781 396 4 (French)
  8. ↑ E. Goyheneche, Basque Country, Pau, 1979 (French)
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Arcangues, Under the direction of Hubert Lamant-Duhart, Ekaina, 1986 (French)
  10. 1 2 Manuscript from the 14th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  11. ↑ Chapter of Bayonne in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  12. ↑ Manuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French)
  13. ↑ Gascon Registers, Vol. 1, pages 44, 53, 141, 154, 158-159, 195, and 233 - cited by Manex Goyhenetche in his General History of Basque Country, Vol. 3, Elkarlanean, 2001, ISBN 2 9131 5634 7, pages 42 and 43. (French)
  14. ↑ Bulletin of the Society of Sciences, Letters and Arts of Bayonne, 1921, No. 3-4, p. 166 and following. (French)
  15. ↑ Maison d'Iranda (House of Iranda) (or Irandatz) of Hendaye, cited by Arcangues - under the direction of Hubert Lamant-Duhart, Ekaina, 1986, page 55 (French)
  16. ↑ List of Mayors of France
  17. ↑ (Basque) Atlas of Basque dialects published by Koldo Zuazo.
  18. ↑ The standardisation of the language: The recovery of the Basque language II A book from the association Garabide Elkartea based at Durango (Biscay), coordinator: Alberto Barandiaran, Gertu, ISBN 978-84-613-6836-5 (French).
  19. ↑ The experience of basque: keys for linguistic recovery and identity A book from the association Garabide Elkartea based at Durango (Biscay), coordinator: Lore Agirrezabal Pertusa, Gertu, ISBN 978-84-613-6642-2. The work covers mainly the history of Basque and different actions carried out for its recovery. (French)
  20. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084312 Chateau of Arcangues (French)
  21. ↑ according to Jean de Jaurgain, a Basque historian from the 19th century, cited in Arcangues, Under the direction of Hubert Lamant-Duhart, Ekaina, 1986, page 48 (French)
  22. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA64000001 Estate of the Villa Berriotz (French)
  23. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084313 Bell Tower (French)

Bibliography

External links

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