Ascoli Piceno

Ascoli Piceno ([ˈaskoli piˈtʃɛːno] listen ; Latin: Asculum)^[2] is a town and comune in the Marche region of Italy, capital of the province of the same name. Its population is around 49,000^[1] but the urban area of the city has more than 100,000.

Geography

The town lies at the confluence of the Tronto River and the small river Castellano and is surrounded on three sides by mountains. Two natural parks border the town, one on the northwestern flank (Parco Nazionale dei Monti Sibillini) and the other on the southern (Parco Nazionale dei Monti della Laga).

Ascoli has good rail connections to the Adriatic coast and the city of San Benedetto del Tronto, by highway to Porto d'Ascoli and by the Italian National Road 4 Salaria to Rome.

History

Ascoli was founded by an Italic population (Piceni) several centuries before Rome's founding on the important Via Salaria, the salt road that connected Latium with the salt production areas on the Adriatic coast. In 268 BC it became a civitas foederata, a "federated" city with nominal independence from Rome. In 91 BC, together with other cities in central Italy, it revolted against Rome, but in 89 BC was reconquered and destroyed by Pompeius Strabo. Its inhabitants acquired Roman citizenship, following the developments and the eventual fall of the Roman Empire.

During the Middle Ages Ascoli was ravaged by the Ostrogoths and then by the Lombards of King Faroald (578). After nearly two centuries as part of the Lombard Duchy of Spoleto (593–789), Ascoli was ruled by the Franks through their vicars, but ultimately it was the bishops that gained influence and power over the city.

In 1189 a free republican municipality was established but internal strife led dramatically to the demise of civic values and freedom and to unfortunate ventures against neighboring enemies. This unstable situation opened the way to foreign dictatorships, like those of Galeotto I Malatesta (14th century), initially recruited as a mercenary (condottiero) in the war against Fermo, and Francesco Sforza. Sforza was ousted in 1482, but Ascoli was again compelled to submit to the Papal suzerainty. In 1860 it was annexed, together with Marche and Umbria, into the newly unified Kingdom of Italy.

The monumental entrance of Julius II in the church of San Francesco

Main sights

The central historical part of the city is built in marble called travertino, a grey-hued stone extracted from the surrounding mountains. Its central Renaissance square, Piazza del Popolo ("Square of the People") is considered one of the most beautiful in Italy. According to traditional accounts, Ascoli Piceno was home to more than two hundred towers in the Middle Ages: today some fifty can still be seen.

Main sights include:

Churches and convents

Cathedral of Sant'Emidio, dedicated to Saint Emygdius, houses an altarpiece by Carlo Crivelli, who lived and worked in and around the city for many years.
Tempietto di Sant'Emidio alle Grotte
Tempietto di Sant'Emidio Rosso
San Francesco: Gothic style church begun in 1258). The dome was completed in 1549. A monument to Pope Julius II is in the side portal, while the central portal is one of the finest examples of local travertine decoration. Adjacent to the church is the 16th-century Loggia dei Mercanti, in Bramantesque style of the Roman High Renaissance.
San Vittore: Romanesque church documented from 996 with a low bell tower.
St. Augustinus (14th century). Built with a single nave, was enlarged with two aisles in the late 15th century. The rectangular façade has a 1547 portal similar to that of St. Emidio. The convent houses the Town's library, the Contemporary Art Gallery and an auditorium.
San Domenico: former convent, now school, has a Renaissance cloister with 17th-century frescoes.
St. Peter Martyr (13th century), with a 1523 side portal by Nicola Filotesio, known locally as Cola d'Amatrice. The interior contains the precious reliquary of the Holy Thorn, a gift of Philip IV of France.
San Tommaso (1069), housing numerous art works and built with parts from the neighboring Roman amphitheater.
The Franciscan convent, of which two noteworthy cloisters remain today. It was once a prestigious center of culture, whose students included Pope Sixtus V.

Other buildings

Porta Gemina

Porta Tufilla.

The Palazzo dei Capitani del Popolo ("Palace of the People's Captains"). Built in the 13th century connecting three pre-existing edifices, it was the seat of the podestà, the people's captains and, later, of the Papal governors. In the 15th century the southern side was enlarged, and, in 1520, a Mannerist façade was added in the rear side. In 1535 it underwent a general renovation, and in 1549 a new portal, with a monument of Pope Paul III, was added.
Palazzo dell'Arengo, located near the Cathedral
The Palazzo Malaspina, in Corso Mezzini. Built in the 16th century to replace the previous medieval palazzo, this is an imposing structure showing the fusion of the 14th century edifice and the work of Cola dell'Amatrice, traditionally held to be the architect of this palace.
Roman Solestà Bridge
The Porta Gemina ("Twin Gate"), an ancient Roman gate from the 1st century BC, through which the Via Salaria entered the city. The ruins of the ancient theater are located nearby. It had two passageways, each 5.70 metres (18.7 ft) tall and 2.95 metres (9.7 ft) wide
Porta Tufilla, a tower-like gate built in 1552–55. It is annexed to the Ponte Tufillo, a medieval bridge built in 1097 over the River Tronto.
Ponte di Cecco (Cecco Bridge), over the Castellano, recently identified of being of Roman Republican origin
Ponte Maggiore ("Great Bridge"), of medieval origin
Lombard Palace and the Ercolani Tower (11th-12th centuries)
The Loggia dei Mercanti, a 16th-century portico annexed to the church of St. Francis. It was commissioned by the city's wool traders guild and finished in 1513.
Fortezza Pia, a fortress commanding the city rebuilt in 1560 by Pope Pius IV (whence the name).
Malatesta Fortress, in a site probably occupied by Roman baths. It was rebuilt by Galeotto I Malatesta, lord of Rimini, during the war against Fermo. The construction, used as a jail until 1978, was enlarged by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger in 1543.
Edicola (monumental niche, once housing a Madonna image) of Lazzaro Morelli, a 1639 architecture attributed to sculptor Lazzaro Morelli, a disciple of Gianlorenzo Bernini.
Grotte dell'Annunziata ("Grottoes of the Annunciation"), a large portico with niches from the 2nd-1st centuries BC, whose original function is unknown (it has been suggested that they could be barracks or slaves dwellings, or a fortified palace^[3])

In Castel Trosino, not far from the city, in 1893 a rare 6th-century Lombard necropolis was found.

Parks and gardens

Giardino Botanico, Istituto Tecnico Agrario Statale "Celso Ulpiani", a botanical garden

Palazzo dei Capitani del Popolo.

Economy

Recent industrialization has brought to Ascoli several Italian and multinational companies (YKK, Manuli, Pfizer, Barilla) but the bulk of the economy is made up of small and medium-sized enterprises and by those providing professional services to the area. Agriculture is still important (wheat, olives, fruits).

Transport

Ascoli Piceno railway station, opened in 1886, is the southwestern terminus of the San Benedetto del Tronto–Ascoli Piceno railway, a branch of the Adriatic railway.

Culture and sport

The main festivity is on the first Sunday in August. The historical parade with more than 1500 people dressed in Renaissance costume is held in celebration of Saint Emidio, protector of the city. The parade is followed by a tournament, called Quintana, in which six knights, each competing for one of the six neighborhoods in the city, ride the course one after the other trying to hit an effigy of an Arab warrior. Strength and ability are necessary for the knight to win the palio or grand prize.

The town is also home to Ascoli Picchio F.C. 1898, currently in the Serie B.

The Castellano river is a site for swimming and bathing in summer.

Gastronomy

Olive ascolane is a dish which originated from this locality. It is prepared from olives.

Territorial subdivision

Bivio Giustimana, Campolungo-villa sant'Antonio, Caprignano, Carpineto, Casa circondariale, Casalena, Casamurana, Case di Cioccio, Casette, Castel di Lama stazione, Castel Trosino, Cervara, Colle, Colle san Marco, Colloto, Colonna, Colonnata, Faiano, Funti, Giustimana, Il Palazzo, Lago, Lisciano, Lisciano di Colloto, Montadamo, Morignano, Mozzano, Oleificio Panichi, Palombare, Pedana, Piagge, Pianaccerro, Poggio di Bretta, Polesio, Ponte Pedana, Porchiano, Rosara, San Pietro, Santa Maria a Corte, Talvacchia, Taverna di mezzo, Trivigliano-villa Pagani, Tronzano, Valle Fiorana, Valle Senzana, Valli, Vena piccola, Venagrande, Villa S. Antonio.

Notable people

Mattia Destro, footballer

International relations

Ascoli Piceno is twinned with:

Trier, Germany, since 1958
Massy, France, since 1997
Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, since 1998^[4]
Chattanooga, USA, since 2006^[5]
Bayonne, France, since 2008^[6]
Norcia, Italy, since 2010
Amatrice, Italy, since 2010
Veles, Republic of Macedonia, since 2011
Civitella del Tronto, Italy

References

1 2 Population data from Istat
↑ Richard J.A. Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World: Map-By-Map Directory I. Princeton, NJ and Oxford, UK: Princeton University Press. p. 607. ISBN 0691049459.
↑ Carducci, Giambattista (1853). Su le memorie e i monumenti di Ascoli nel Piceno. Fermo: Arnaldo Forni Editore. pp. 206–209.
↑ Banská Bystrica, Sister cities - Twin towns
↑ Chattanooga Sister Cities
↑ "National Commission for Decentralised cooperation". Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) (in French). Retrieved 2013-12-26.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ascoli Piceno.

Marche · Comuni of the Province of Ascoli Piceno

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 143138733 GND: 4086023-1

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