Barbareño language

Barbareño
P̌atna
Native to California
Region Santa Barbara, Santa Ynez
Extinct 1965, with the death of Mary Yee[1]
Chumashan

  • Southern

    • Central
      • Barbareño
Language codes
ISO 639-3 Either:
boi – Barbareño
inz – Ineseño
Glottolog barb1263  (Barbareno)[2]
ines1240  (Ineseno)[3]

Barbareño is one of the extinct Chumashan languages, a group of Native American languages, which was spoken in the area of Santa Barbara, California. The closely related Ineseño may have been a dialect of the same language. Barbareño became extinct in 1965 with the death of Mary Yee.[1]

Language revitalization

As of 2013, the Barbareno Chumash Council is engaged in ongoing efforts to revive the language. Two of its members are language apprentices and teachers.[4][5] Wishtoyo Chumash Village, in Malibu, California, announced the opening of its Šmuwič Language School in 2010.[6][7]

The Ineseño community now call their language Samala. In 2008 Richard Applegate compiled a grammar and dictionary of Ineseño based on Harrington's work in the early 1900s with one of the last fluent speakers, Maria Solares.[8] Applegate and Nakia Zavalla, Cultural Director for the Santa Ynez Band of Chumash and a descendant of Solares, have begun an effort to revitalize the language. Applegate began teaching Ineseño in 2003, and Zavalla has started an immersion-based language apprentice program.[9] As of 2008, Applegate had five students, though none had reached fluency.[10]

Phonology

Consonants

Barbareño consonant phonemes
Bilabial Alveolar Postalveolar/
Palatal		 Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal plain m n
glottalized ˀm ˀn
Plosive plain p t k q ʔ
ejective pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ
aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ
Affricate plain t͡s t͡ʃ
ejective t͡sʼ t͡ʃʼ
aspirated t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ
Fricative plain s ʃ x h
ejective sʼ ʃʼ xʼ
aspirated sʰ ʃʰ
Approximant plain l j w
glottalized ˀl ˀj ˀw

Vowels

Barbareño vowel phonemes
Front Central Back
Close i h u
Open e a o

References

  1. 1 2 Poser, William J. (2004). "On the Status of Chumash Sibilant Harmony" (PDF). Ms., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
  2. ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Barbareno". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  3. ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Ineseno". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  4. ↑ "Barbareno Chumash Council". Retrieved 2013-05-08.
  5. ↑ "Funded Projects". Seventh Generation Fund for Indian Development. Retrieved 2013-05-08.
  6. ↑ "Chumash Language". Wishtoyo Foundation. Retrieved 2013-05-08.
  7. ↑ Moreno, Sarah Koyo (2011). "Our Ancestors are Happy: Chumash Language Learning at Wishtoyo". News from Native California 24 (4). Retrieved 2013-05-08.
  8. ↑ Chawkins, Steve (2008-04-20). "Chumash recover their 'alishtaha'n: Armed with a trove of scattered notes, linguist saves ancestral tongue from brink of extinction.". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2013-05-07.
  9. ↑ "Bringing Back the Samala Chumash Language". Channel Islands National Park. 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2013-05-07.
  10. ↑ "Chumash Dictionary Breathes Life into Moribund Language". The Santa Barbara Independent. Retrieved 2013-05-07.

External links

 This article incorporates public domain material from the National Park Service document "Bringing Back the Samala Chumash Language".

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