Cruzeño language

Cruzeño
Isleño
Island Chumash
Native to	California
Region	Santa Cruz Island, Santa Rosa Island
Extinct	(date missing)
Language family	Chumashan Southern Cruzeño
Language codes
ISO 639-3	crz
Glottolog	cruz1243[1]

Cruzeño, also known as Isleño (Ysleño) or Island Chumash, was one of the Chumashan languages spoken along the coastal areas of Southern California. It shows evidence of mixing between a core Chumashan language such as Barbareño or Ventureño and an indigenous language of the Channel Islands. The latter was presumably spoken on the islands since the end of the last ice age separated them from the mainland; Chumash would have been introduced in the first millennium after the introduction of plank canoes on the mainland. Evidence of the substratum language is retained in a noticeably non-Chumash phonology, and basic non-Chumash words such as those for 'water' and 'house'.^[2]

References

1. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Cruzeno". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
2. Golla, Victor. (2011). California Indian Languages. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-5202-6667-4

• Heizer R. F., ed. 1952. California Indian linguistic records: The Mission Indian vocabularies of Alphonse Pinart. University of California Anthropological Records 15:1-84.
• Heizer R. F., ed. 1952. California Indian linguistic records: The Mission Indian vocabularies of H.W. Henshaw. University of California Anthropological Records 15:85-202.

External links

• Island Chumash overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
• Island Chumash at the California Language Archive
• OLAC resources in and about the Cruzeño language