Ecological station (Brazil)

An ecological station in Brazil is a type of protected area of Brazil as defined by the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC). The purpose is to preserve untouched representative samples of the different biomes in Brazil.

Objectives and restrictions

In the 1970s the Special Secretariat of the Environment under the environmentalist Paulo Nogueira Neto launched a program of estações ecológicas (ecological stations) with the aim of establishing a network of reserves that would protect representative samples of all Brazilian ecosystems.^[1] The objective of an ecological station is to preserve nature and conduct scientific research. It establishes the right of eminent domain, with the private areas included in its boundaries requiring expropriation. In these areas, public visitation is prohibited, except for educational purposes, in accordance with the provisions of the Management Plan of the unit or specific regulation, and scientific research depends on previous authorization from the body responsible for the administration of the unit and is subject to the conditions and restrictions established by this body.^[2]

Changes to the environment in an ecological station are allowed to restore modified ecosystems, to manage species so as to preserve biodiversity and to collect specimens for scientific purposes. Changes are also allowed to conduct scientific research that affects the environment more than observation or collection, but in no more 1,500 hectares (3,700 acres) or than or a maximum of 3% of the total area of the ecological station, whichever is smaller.^[3]

Selected lists of ecological stations

Federal

Name	State	Area		Created	Biome
		(ha)	(acre)
Aiuaba		11.525		2001
Alto Maués		668.160		2014
Aracuri-Esmeralda	Rio Grande do Sul	277	680	1981	Atlantic Forest
Caracaraí	Roraima	86,793	214,470	1982	Amazonia
Carijós	Santa Catarina	759	1,880	1987
Castanhão		12.579		2001
Cuniã		189.661		2001	Amazonia
Guanabara		1.935		2006
Guaraqueçaba	Paraná	4,476	11,060	1982
Iquê	Mato Grosso	215,969	533,670	1981	Amazonia
Jari	Amapá, Pará	227,126	561,240	1982	Amazonia
Juami-Japurá	Amazonas	831,524	2,054,740	1985	Amazonia
Jutaí-Solimões		284.285		1983	Amazonia
Maracá	Roraima	103,976	256,930	1981	Amazonia
Maracá-Jipioca	Amapá	60,200	149,000	1981	Amazonia
Mata Preta	Santa Catarina	6,566	16,225	2005
Mico Leão Preto		5.500		2002
Murici	Alagoas	6,132	15,153	2001
Niquiá	Roraima	284,787	703,720	1985	Amazonia
Pirapitinga	Minas Gerais	1,384	3,420	1987
Raso da Catarina	Bahia	105,300	260,202	1984
Rio Acre	Acre	77,500	192,000	1981	Amazonia
Seridó	Rio Grande do Norte	1,163	2,870	1982
Serra das Araras	Mato Grosso	28,637	70,760	1982	Amazonia
Serra Geral do Tocantins	Bahia, Tocantins	716,306	1,770,031	2001	Amazonia
Taiamã	Mato Grosso	11,555	28,550	1981	Amazonia
Taim	Rio Grande do Sul	10,939	27,030	1986
Tamoios	Rio de Janeiro	9,361	23,130	1990
Terra do Meio		3.373.110		2005	Amazonia
Tupinambás	São Paulo	2,464	6,090	1987
Tupiniquins	São Paulo	1,728	4,270	1986
UFMG	Minas Gerais	114	282	1988
Uruçui-Una	Piauí	135,120	333,900	1981

State

Name	State	Area		Created	Biome
		(ha)	(acre)
Águas do Cuiabá	Mato Grosso	11,328	27,992	2002
Águas Emendadas	Federal District	9,181	22,687	1968
Angatuba	São Paulo	1,394	3,445	1985
Barreiro Rico	São Paulo	293	724	2006
Caetetus	São Paulo	2,254	5570	1977
Grão-Pará	Pará	4,245,819	10,491,647	2006	Amazonia
Itirapina	São Paulo	5,512	13,620	1984
Jataí	São Paulo	9,010	22,264	1982
Juréia-Itatins^[4]	São Paulo	84,379	208,505	1986
Mata do Jacaré	São Paulo	75	185	1987
Paraíso	Rio de Janeiro	5,000	12,355	1987
Pau-Brasil	Paraíba	82	203	2002
Rio da Casca	Mato Grosso	3,534	8,732	1994	Amazonia
Rio Flor do Prado	Mato Grosso	8,517	21,045	2003	Amazonia
Rio Madeirinha	Mato Grosso	13,683	33,811	1997	Amazonia
Rio Ronuro	Mato Grosso	102,000	252,047	1998	Amazonia
Rio Roosevelt	Mato Grosso	96,925	239,506	2007	Amazonia
Samuel	Rondônia	71,061	175,595	1989	Amazonia
Serra dos Três Irmãos	Rondônia	87,412	215,999	1990	Amazonia
Sítio Rangedor	Maranhão	121	299	2005	Amazonia

References

Sources

Ecological Station, ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, retrieved 2016-04-30
Estação Ecológica de Taiamã: História (in Portuguese), ICMBio, retrieved 2016-04-18
Figueiredo, João; Andreazza, Mário David (27 April 1981), Lei No 6.902, de 27 de Abril de 1981 (PDF) (in Portuguese), Brazil, retrieved 2016-04-25
"Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station", jureia.com (in Portuguese), retrieved 2016-04-30

Protected areas of Brazil

Ecological stations	Aracuri Caracaraí Carijós Guaraqueçaba Iquê Jari Juami-Japurá Jutaí-Solimões Maracá Maracá-Jipioca Niquiá Pirapitinga Rio Acre Seridó Serra das Araras Taiamã Taim Tamoios Tupinambás Tupiniquins Uruçui-Una

Biological reserves	Abufari Andradina Atol das Rocas Augusto Banhados do Delta Canela Preta Carmo da Mata Colônia 31 de Março Comboios Córrego de Veado Córrego Grande Fazenda São Mateus Fontes do Ipiranga Guaporé Guaratiba Guaribas Gurupi Ibirapuitã Ilha do Cabo Frio Jaíba Jaru Lago Piratuba Lami José Lutzenberger Lapinha Marinha do Arvoredo Mata do Acauã Mata do Jambreiro Mata dos Ausentes Mata Paludosa Mogi-Guaçu Pedra Talhada Perobas Pindorama Poço das Antas Praia do Sul Biological Reserve Professor José Ângelo Rizzo Rio Trombetas Saltinho Santa Isabel Santa Rita São Camilo São Donato São Sebastião do Paraíso Serra Negra Sooretama Tamboré Tapirapé Tinguá Uatumã Una Vila Facchini

National parks	Abrolhos Alto Ribeira State and Tourist Park Amazônia Anavilhanas Aparados da Serra Araguaia Araucárias Brasília Cabo Orange Campos Gerais Caparaó Cavernas do Peruaçu Chapada das Mesas Chapada Diamantina Chapada dos Guimarães Chapada dos Veadeiros Emas Fernando de Noronha Furna Feia Grande Sertão Veredas Iguaçu Ilha Grande Itatiaia Jacupiranga Jaú Jericoacoara Jurubatiba Juruena Lençóis Maranhenses Monte Pascoal Monte Roraima Nascentes Pacaás Novos Pantanal Matogrossense Pau Brasil Pedra Azul Pico da Neblina Pontões Capixabas Lagoa do Peixe Saint-Hilaire São Joaquim Sempre Vivas Serra da Bocaina Serra da Bodoquena Serra da Canastra Serra da Capivara Serra da Cutia Serra de Itabaiana Serra da Mocidade Serra do Cipó Serra do Divisor Serra do Itajaí Serra do Pardo Serra dos Órgãos Serra Geral Sete Cidades Superagüi Terra Ronca Tijuca Tumucumaque Ubajara Vale do Catimbau Viruá Xingu

Wildlife refuges	Castanheiras Pied Tamarin Ilha dos Lobos

Environmental protection areas	Anhatomirim Barra do Rio Cairuçu Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe Carste Cavernas do Peruaçu Descoberto River Basin Fernando de Noronha Guaraqueçaba Ibirapuitã Igarapé Gelado Morro da Pedreira Petrópolis Piaçabuçu Guapimirim Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago São Bartolomeu River Basin Serra da Mantiqueira Serra de Tabatinga

Ecological reserves	Alcobaça Apiacás IBGE Raso

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