Elections by country

Elections by country gives information on elections. For each de jure and de facto sovereign state and dependent territory an article on elections in that entity has been included and information on the way the head of state and the parliament or legislature is elected. The articles include the results of the elections. For a chronological order, see the electoral calendar.

Contents :

• Top
• 0–9
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• X
• Y
• Z

A

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Abkhazia	Direct election	Direct election
	Afghanistan	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments
	Åland		Direct election
	Albania	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Algeria	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments
	American Samoa	[1]	Direct election	Election by chiefs
	Andorra	Ex officio[2]	Direct election
	Angola	Direct election	Direct election
	Anguilla		Direct election
	Antigua and Barbuda	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Argentina	Direct election	Direct election
	Armenia	Direct election	Direct election
	Aruba	Monarchy	Direct election
	Australia	Monarchy	Direct election
	Austria	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election
	Azerbaijan	Direct election	Direct election

B

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Bahamas	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Bahrain	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Bangladesh	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Barbados	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Belarus	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments
	Belgium	Monarchy	Direct election	Indirect election
	Belize	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Benin	Direct election	Direct election
	Bermuda		Direct election	Appointments
	Bhutan	Monarchy	Direct election	Direct election and appointments
	Bolivia	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Collective presidency	Direct election	Indirect election
	Botswana	Election by parliament	Direct election	Hereditary and appointments
	Brazil	Direct election	Direct election
	British Virgin Islands		Direct election
	Brunei	Monarchy	Appointments
	Bulgaria	Direct election	Direct election
	Burkina Faso	Direct election	Direct election
	Burundi	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election

C

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Cambodia	Monarchy	Direct election
	Cameroon	Direct election	Direct election
	Canada	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Cape Verde	Direct election	Direct election
	Cayman Islands	Monarchy	Direct election
	Central African Republic	Direct election	Direct election
	Chad	Direct election	Direct election
	Chile	Direct election	Direct election
	People's Republic of China	Election by parliament	Indirect election
	Colombia	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Comoros	Direct election	Indirect election
	Congo (Brazzaville)	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election
	Congo (Kinshasa)	Direct election	Direct election
	Cook Islands	Monarchy	Direct election
	Costa Rica	Direct election	Direct election
	Côte d'Ivoire	Direct election	Direct election
	Croatia	Direct election	Direct election
	Cuba	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Cyprus	Direct election	Direct election
	Czech Republic	Direct election	Direct election

D

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Denmark	Monarchy	Direct election
	Djibouti	Direct election	Direct election
	Dominica	Election by parliament	Direct election and appointments[3]
	Dominican Republic	Direct election	Direct election

E

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	East Timor	Direct election	Direct election
	Ecuador	Direct election	Direct election
	Egypt	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election and appointments
	El Salvador	Direct election	Direct election
	Equatorial Guinea	Direct election	Direct election
	Eritrea	Self-appointment	Appointment
	Estonia	Election by parliament (1st-3rd round) / electoral college (4th round)	Direct election
	Ethiopia	Election by parliament	Direct election	Indirect election

F

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Falkland Islands	Monarchy	Direct election
	Faroe Islands	Monarchy	Direct election
	Fiji	Election by Great Council of Chiefs	Direct election
	Finland	Direct election	Direct election
	France	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election
	French Polynesia		Direct election

G

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Gabon	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election
	Gambia	Direct election	Direct election
	Georgia	Direct election	Direct election
	Germany	Election by electoral college	Direct election	Representation of state governments
	Ghana	Direct election	Direct election
	Gibraltar		Direct election
	Greece	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Greenland		Direct election
	Grenada	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Guam	[4]	Direct election
	Guatemala	Direct election	Direct election
	Guernsey		Direct election
	Guinea	Direct election	Direct election
	Guinea-Bissau	Direct election	Direct election
	Guyana	Election by parliament	Direct election

H

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Haiti	Direct election	Direct election
	Honduras	Direct election	Direct election
	Hong Kong	Election by election committee	Direct election and election by functional constituencies
	Hungary	Election by parliament	Direct election

I

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Iceland	Direct election	Direct election
	India	Election by electoral college	Direct election	Indirect election
	Indonesia	Direct election	Direct election
	Iran	President through direct election. Supreme Leader elected by Assembly of Experts	Direct election
	Iraq	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Ireland	Direct election	Direct election	Election by functional constituencies and appointment
	Isle of Man		Direct election	Indirect election/ex officio
	Israel	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Italy	Election by parliament	Direct election	Direct election

J

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Jamaica	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointment
	Japan	Monarchy	Direct election	Direct election
	Jersey	Monarchy		Direct election
	Jordan	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointment

K

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Kazakhstan	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments
	Kenya	Direct election	Direct election
	Kiribati	Direct election	Direct election
	Democratic People's Republic of Korea	Elected by parliament[5]	Direct election
	Republic of Korea	Direct election	Direct election
	Kosovo	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Kuwait	Monarchy	Direct election
	Kyrgyzstan	Direct election	Direct election

L

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Laos	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Latvia	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Lebanon	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Lesotho	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Liberia	Direct election	Direct election
	Libya	Election by parliament	Representatives of the Basis People's Congresses
	Liechtenstein	Monarchy	Direct election
	Lithuania	Direct election	Direct election
	Luxembourg	Monarchy	Direct election

M

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Macau	Election by election committee	Direct election, Election by Functional Constituencies and Appointments
	Macedonia	Direct election	Direct election
	Madagascar	Direct election	Direct election
	Malawi	Direct election	Direct election
	Malaysia	Election by the rulers of the Malay states	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments
	Maldives	Direct election	Direct election
	Mali	Direct election	Direct election
	Malta	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Marshall Islands	Direct election	Direct election
	Mauritania	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election
	Mauritius	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Mayotte		Direct election
	Mexico	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Federated States of Micronesia	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Moldova	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Monaco	Monarchy	Direct election
	Mongolia	Direct election	Direct election
	Montenegro	Direct election	Direct election
	Montserrat		Direct election
	Morocco	Monarchy	Direct election	Indirect election and election by functional groups
	Mozambique	Direct election	Direct election
	Myanmar	Election by parliament	Direct election and appointments	Direct election and appointments

N

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Nagorno Karabakh	Direct election	Direct election
	Namibia	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election
	Nauru	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Nepal	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Netherlands	Monarchy	Direct election	Indirect election
	Netherlands Antilles		Direct election
	New Caledonia		Direct election
	New Zealand	Monarchy	Direct election
	Nicaragua	Direct election	Direct election
	Niger	Direct election	Direct election
	Nigeria	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Niue		Direct election
	Norfolk		Direct election
	Northern Cyprus	Direct election	Direct election
	Northern Ireland		Direct election
	Northern Marianas	[6]	Direct election	Direct election
	Norway	Monarchy	Direct election

O

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Oman	Monarchy	Indirect election	Appointments

P

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Pakistan	Indirect Election	Direct election	Indirect election
	Palau	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Palestinian National Authority	Direct election	Direct election
	Panama	Direct election	Direct election
	Papua New Guinea	Monarchy	Direct election
	Paraguay	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Peru	Direct election	Direct election
	Philippines	Direct election	Direct election
	Pitcairn Islands		Indirect election
	Poland	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Portugal	Direct election	Direct election
	Puerto Rico	[7]	Direct election	Direct election

Q

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Qatar	Monarchy	Appointments

R

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Romania	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Russia	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments
	Rwanda	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments

S

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Appointment	Appointments
	Saint Helena		Direct election
	Saint Kitts and Nevis	Monarchy	Direct election and appointments
	Saint Lucia	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments
	Saint Pierre and Miquelon		Direct election
	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Monarchy	Direct election and appointments
	Samoa	Election by parliament	Direct election
	San Marino	Election by parliament	Direct election
	São Tomé and Príncipe	Direct election	Direct election
	Saudi Arabia	Monarchy	Appointments
	Scotland		Direct election
	Senegal	Direct election	Direct election
	Serbia	Direct election	Direct election
	Seychelles	Direct election	Direct election
	Sierra Leone	Direct election	Direct election
	Singapore	Direct election	Direct election
	Slovakia	Direct election	Direct election
	Slovenia	Direct election	Direct election	Representation of interest groups
	Solomon Islands	Monarchy	Direct election
	Somalia	Transition	Transition
	Somaliland	Direct election	Direct election	Traditional leaders
	South Africa	Election by parliament	Direct election	Indirect election
	South Ossetia	Direct election	Direct election
	South Sudan	Direct election	Direct election
	Spain	Monarchy	Direct election	Direct and indirect election
	Sri Lanka	Direct election	Direct election
	Sudan	Direct election	Appointments due to transition	Indirect election
	Suriname	Election by electoral college	Direct election
	Swaziland	Monarchy	Elected by traditional local councils and appointments	Elected by lower house and appointments
	Sweden	Monarchy	Direct election
	Switzerland	Election by parliament	Direct election	Direct election
	Syria	Approval by referendum	Direct election

T

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Taiwan	Direct election	Direct election
	Tajikistan	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments
	Tanzania	Direct election	Direct election
	Thailand	Monarchy	Direct election	Direct election and appointments
	Togo	Direct election	Direct election
	Tokelau		Direct election
	Tonga	Monarchy	Partially direct election, partially by limited suffrage, partially ex officio
	Transnistria	Direct election	Direct election
	Trinidad and Tobago	Election by parliament	Direct election	Appointments
	Tunisia	Direct election	Direct election
	Turkey	Direct election	Direct election
	Turkmenistan	Direct election	Direct election
	Turks and Caicos		Direct election
	Tuvalu	Monarchy	Direct election

U

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Uganda	Direct election	Direct election
	Ukraine	Direct election	Direct election
	United Arab Emirates	De facto monarchy	Appointments and direct election
	United Kingdom	Monarchy	Direct election	Appointments and hereditary/indirect election
	United States	Indirect election	Direct election	Direct election
	Uruguay	Direct election	Direct election	Direct election
	Uzbekistan	Direct election	Direct election	Indirect election and appointments

V

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Vanuatu	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Vatican City	Election by Cardinals	Appointments
	Venezuela	Direct election	Direct election
	Vietnam	Election by parliament	Direct election
	Virgin Islands of the United States	[8]	Direct election

W

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Wales		Direct election
	Wallis and Futuna		Direct election

Y

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Yemen	Direct election	Direct election

Z

	Country	Head of state	Parliament/Legislature
			Lower house	Upper house
	Zambia	Direct election
	Zimbabwe	Direct election

See also

• List of narrow elections
• List of democracy and elections-related topics
• List of legislatures by country

References

1. American Samoa elects a Governor
2. The President of France and the Bishop of Urgell are co-heads of state
3. The elected Representatives of the Dominican parliament decide whether senators are to be elected by them or appointed by the president.
4. Guam elects a Governor
5. North Korea's parliament elects the Head of State
6. The Northern Marianas elect a Governor
7. Puerto Rico elects a Governor
8. The U.S. Virgin Islands elect a Governor

External links

• http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/parlinesearch.asp PARLINE database on national parliaments - contains information on the structure and working methods of 265 parliamentary chambers in all of the 189 countries where a national legislature exists.
• ACE Electoral Knowledge Network Expert site providing encyclopedia on Electoral Systems and Management, country by country data, a library of electoral materials, latest election news, the opportunity to submit questions to a network of electoral experts, and a forum to discuss all of the above
• Election Resources
• Adam Carr's Election Archive
• International Foundation for Electoral Systems' Electionguide
• African Elections Database