X (company)

X
Formerly called
 Google X
Subsidiary of Alphabet Inc.
Industry
Founded January 2010 (2010-01)
(as a division of Google Inc.)
Founders Sebastian Thrun
Yoky Matsuoka
Headquarters Mountain View, California, United States
Key people
Parent Alphabet
Subsidiaries
Website SolveForX.com
Former logo

X, previously Google X, is a semi-secret research and development facility created by Google[1][2] and (since October 2015) operated as a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc.[3] Verily, a former Google X subsidiary, also became a direct independent subsidiary of Alphabet at this time. X is located about a half mile from Google's corporate headquarters, the Googleplex, in Mountain View, California.[4][5] Work at the lab is overseen by Sergey Brin, one of Google's co-founders and President of Alphabet, while scientist and entrepreneur Astro Teller (Captain of Moonshots) directs day-to-day activities.[6][7][8] The lab started up in 2010 with the development of a self-driving car.[8]

Projects

While X projects are often referred to as "moonshots" within the company, not all so-described moonshots are part of X. For example, Calico, Google's life extension project, is considered a moonshot but is not a part of X.[9][10]

In mid-2014, Google said there were eight projects being developed at X.[11] As of late 2014, X projects that have been revealed include Wing, Glass, Loon, and the driverless car.

Self-driving car

Main article: Google driverless car

The Google driverless car is a project by Google that involves developing technology for driverless cars. The project was led by Google engineer Sebastian Thrun, director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co-inventor of Google Street View. Thrun's team at Stanford created the robotic vehicle Stanley which won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge and its US$2 million prize from the United States Department of Defense.[12] The team developing the system consisted of 15 engineers working for Google, including Chris Urmson, Mike Montemerlo, and Anthony Levandowski, who had worked on the DARPA Grand and Urban Challenges.[13]

The U.S. state of Nevada passed a law in June 2011 concerning the operation of driverless cars in Nevada. Google had been lobbying for driverless car laws.[14][15][16] The license was issued to a Toyota Prius modified with Google's experimental driver-less technology.[17] In August 2012, the team announced that they had completed over 300,000 autonomous-driving miles accident-free, typically had about a dozen cars on the road at any given time, and were starting to test them with single drivers instead of in pairs.[18]

Wing

Project Wing is a project that aims to rapidly deliver products across a city by using flying vehicles, similar to the Amazon Prime Air concept.[19] At the time of the announcement on August 28, 2014, it had already been in development secretly at Google for about two years, with full-scale testing being carried out in Australia. The flying vehicles take off vertically, then rotate to a horizontal position for flying around. For delivery, it hovers and winches packages down to the ground. At the end of the tether is a little bundle of electronics which detects that the package has hit the ground, detaches from the delivery, and is pulled back up into the body of the vehicle. Dropping the cargo or landing were found to be unfeasible, as users compromised the safety.[20]

Glass

Main article: Google Glass

Project Glass is a research and development program by Google to develop an augmented reality head-mounted display (HMD).[21] The intended purpose of Project Glass products would be the hands-free displaying of information currently available to most smartphone users,[22] and allowing for interaction with the Internet via natural language voice commands.[23]

In October 2013, the existence of four Google barges was revealed, with the vessels registered under the dummy corporation By And Large. Two of the barges have a superstructure whose construction has been kept under the utmost secrecy, while speculations indicate they could be used as marketing for, and stores for, Google Glass.[24]

Loon

Main article: Project Loon

Project Loon is a project that aims to bring internet access to everyone by creating an internet network of balloons flying through the stratosphere. It uses wireless routers in balloons that are above weather and planes to give access to the internet to those who can't reach it or are in need of help.[25]

Other projects

Projects that X has considered and rejected include a space elevator, which was deemed to be currently unfeasible;[28] a hoverboard, which was determined to be too costly relative to the societal benefits;[29] a user-safe jetpack, which was thought to be too loud and energy-wasting;[30] and teleportation, which was found to violate the laws of physics.[30]

Subsidiaries

A number of companies have been acquired and merged into X, covering a diverse range of skills including wind turbines, robotics, artificial intelligence, humanoid robots, robotic arms, and computer vision.[31] In 2013, X acquired Makani Power, a US company which develops tethered wings/kites with mounted wind turbines for low cost renewable energy generation.[32] In 2014, they acquired product design and mechanical engineering firm Gecko Design whose previous products include the Fitbit activity tracker and low-cost computers.[33] As of 2015, X has acquired 14 companies, which also include Redwood Robotics, Meka Robotics, Boston Dynamics, and Jetpac.[31][33]

Campus

A reporter from Bloomberg Businessweek visited the site in 2013 and described it as an "ordinary two-story red-brick buildings about a half-mile from Google’s main campus. There's a burbling fountain out front and rows of company-issued bikes, which employees use to shuttle to the main campus."[4]

In 2015, X moved into the old Mayfield Mall site.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Rowan, David (31 October 2013). "Astro Teller of Google[x] wants to improve the world's broken industries". Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  2. ↑ "Secret Google lab 'rewards failure'". Newsnight. BBC. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  3. ↑ "Google to be publicly traded under Alphabet Inc. in planned restructuring". Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  4. 1 2 Stone, Brad (2013-05-22). "Inside Google's Secret Lab". Businessweek. Retrieved 2013-05-26.
  5. 1 2 Cain Miller, Claire; Bilton, Nick (November 13, 2011). "Google’s Lab of Wildest Dreams". The New York Times. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
  6. ↑ "Introduction to Project Glass". Google+: Project Glass. 4 April 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2013. A group of us from Google[x] started Project Glass to build this kind of technology…
  7. ↑ Shontell, Alyson (18 September 2013). "Meet The Mastermind Behind Driverless Cars, Glass And More: Google's 'Chief Of Moonshots,' Astro Teller". Business Insider. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  8. 1 2 Gertner, Jon (15 April 2014). "The Truth About Google X: An Exclusive Look Behind The Secretive Lab's Closed Doors". Fast Company. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  9. ↑ Harry McCracken; Lev Grossman (18 September 2013). "Google vs. Death". Time. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  10. ↑ Markoff, John (4 December 2013). "Google Puts Money on Robots, Using the Man Behind Android". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  11. ↑ Douglas Macmillan; Rolfe Winkler (27 May 2014). "Google’s Prototype for Autonomous Driving Has No Steering Wheel". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
  12. ↑ John Markoff (2010-10-09). "Google Cars Drive Themselves, in Traffic". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-10-11.
  13. ↑ Sebastian Thrun (2010-10-09). "What we're driving at". The Official Google Blog. Retrieved 2010-10-11.
  14. ↑ "Nevada enacts law authorizing autonomous (driverless) vehicles". Green Car Congress. 2011-06-25. Retrieved 2011-06-25.
  15. ↑ Alex Knapp (2011-06-22). "Nevada Passes Law Authorizing Driverless Cars". Forbes. Retrieved 2011-06-25.
  16. ↑ John Markoff (2011-05-10). "Google Lobbies Nevada To Allow Self-Driving Cars". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-05-11.
  17. ↑ Mary Slosson (2012-05-08). "Google gets first self-driven car license in Nevada". Reuters. Retrieved 2012-05-09.
  18. ↑ Official Blog: The self-driving car logs more miles on new wheels Posted: Tuesday, August 07, 2012 by Chris Urmson, Engineering Lead
  19. ↑ "Droning On". AOPA Pilot: 63. April 2015.
  20. ↑ Warwick, Graham. "Google Details 'Project Wing' Unmanned Package-Delivery R&D" Aviation Week & Space Technology, 3 November 2014. Accessed: 5 November 2014. Archived on 5 November 2014
  21. ↑ Goldman, David (4 April 2012). "Google unveils 'Project Glass' virtual-reality glasses". Money (CNN).
  22. ↑ Albanesius, Chloe (4 April 2012). "Google 'Project Glass' Replaces the Smartphone With Glasses". PC Magazine.
  23. ↑ Newman, Jared (4 April 2012). "Google's 'Project Glass' Teases Augmented Reality Glasses". PCWorld.
  24. ↑ Casey Newton. "Google plans to dock mystery barge at former Army post in San Francisco". The Verge.
  25. ↑ "Official website of project Loon".
  26. ↑ Markoff, John (June 25, 2012). "How Many Computers to Identify a Cat? 16,000". The New York Times. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
  27. ↑ "Google's X lab is working on batteries that last longer". WSJ. April 11, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  28. ↑ Gayomali, Chris (15 April 2014). "Google X Confirms The Rumors: It Really Did Try To Design A Space Elevator". Fast Company. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  29. ↑ Gayomali, Chris (15 April 2014). "This Is Why We Don't Have Google X Hoverboards Yet". Fast Company. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  30. 1 2 Mack, Eric (6 May 2014). "Four Crazy Google X Projects That Failed". Forbes. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  31. 1 2 "List of mergers and acquisitions by Google".
  32. ↑ "Google acquires kite-power generator". BBC News. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  33. 1 2 Miners, Zach (22 August 2014). "Google acquires Gecko Design for next-generation products". Retrieved 22 August 2014.

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