HLA-DMB

Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM beta
PDB rendering based on 1hdm.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1HDM​, 2BC4​, 4FQX​, 4GBX​, 4I0P​
Identifiers
Symbols	HLA-DMB ; D6S221E; RING7
External IDs	OMIM: 142856 MGI: 95922 HomoloGene: 68231 GeneCards: HLA-DMB Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • MHC class II protein complex binding Cellular component • lysosomal membrane • integral component of membrane • late endosome membrane • MHC class II protein complex Biological process • MHC class II protein complex assembly • peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex • immune response • antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II • positive regulation of T cell proliferation • positive regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3109	14999
Ensembl	ENSG00000226264	ENSMUSG00000079547
UniProt	P28068	P35737
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_002118	NM_010387
RefSeq (protein)	NP_002109	NP_034517
Location (UCSC)	Chr 6: 32.93 – 32.94 Mb	Chr 17: 34.15 – 34.16 Mb
PubMed search

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DMB gene.^[1][2]

Function

HLA-DMB belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DMA) and a beta (DMB) chain, both anchored in the membrane. It is located in intracellular vesicles. DM plays a central role in the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP (class II-associated invariant chain peptide) molecule from the peptide binding site. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and its gene contains 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail.^[2]

Clinical significance

HLA-DMB is upregulated in tumor tissue of Caucasian but not African patients. Its role in tumor immunology is undefined but has been shown to positively correlated with increased T-cell infiltration and improved prognosis in ovarian cancer. Differential immune processes mediated by HLA-DMB may contribute to the disparity in cancer outcome. ^[3]

References

1. Kelly AP, Monaco JJ, Cho SG, Trowsdale J (Nov 1991). "A new human HLA class II-related locus, DM". Nature 353 (6344): 571–3. doi:10.1038/353571a0. PMID 1922365.
2. "Entrez Gene: HLA-DMB major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM beta".
3. Kinseth MA, Jia Z, Rahmatpanah F, Sawyers A, Sutton M, Wang-Rodriguez J, Mercola D, McGuire KL. (Jan 2014). "Expression differences between African American and Caucasian prostate cancer tissue reveals that stroma is the site of aggressive changes.". International Journal of Cancer 134 (1): 81–91. doi:10.1002/ijc.28326. PMID 23754304.

Further reading

• Vogt AB, Kropshofer H (1999). "HLA-DM - an endosomal and lysosomal chaperone for the immune system.". Trends Biochem. Sci. 24 (4): 150–4. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(99)01364-X. PMID 10322421.
• Kropshofer H, Hämmerling GJ, Vogt AB (2000). "The impact of the non-classical MHC proteins HLA-DM and HLA-DO on loading of MHC class II molecules.". Immunol. Rev. 172: 267–78. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.1999.tb01371.x. PMID 10631952.
• Piatier-Tonneau D, Gastinel LN, Amblard F, et al. (1991). "Interaction of CD4 with HLA class II antigens and HIV gp120.". Immunogenetics 34 (2): 121–8. doi:10.1007/BF00211424. PMID 1869305.
• Rosenstein Y, Burakoff SJ, Herrmann SH (1990). "HIV-gp120 can block CD4-class II MHC-mediated adhesion.". J. Immunol. 144 (2): 526–31. PMID 1967269.
• Bowman MR, MacFerrin KD, Schreiber SL, Burakoff SJ (1991). "Identification and structural analysis of residues in the V1 region of CD4 involved in interaction with human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (22): 9052–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.22.9052. PMC 55099. PMID 1978941.
• Clayton LK, Sieh M, Pious DA, Reinherz EL (1989). "Identification of human CD4 residues affecting class II MHC versus HIV-1 gp120 binding.". Nature 339 (6225): 548–51. doi:10.1038/339548a0. PMID 2543930.
• Diamond DC, Sleckman BP, Gregory T, et al. (1988). "Inhibition of CD4+ T cell function by the HIV envelope protein, gp120.". J. Immunol. 141 (11): 3715–7. PMID 2846691.
• Andrieu JM, Even P, Venet A (1986). "AIDS and related syndromes as a viral-induced autoimmune disease of the immune system: an anti-MHC II disorder. Therapeutic implications.". AIDS research 2 (3): 163–74. doi:10.1089/aid.1.1986.2.163. PMID 3489470.
• Houlgatte R, Scarmato P, el Marhomy S, et al. (1994). "HLA class II antigens and the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 bind to the same face of CD4.". J. Immunol. 152 (9): 4475–88. PMID 7512597.
• Shaman J, von Scheven E, Morris P, et al. (1995). "Analysis of HLA-DMB mutants and -DMB genomic structure.". Immunogenetics 41 (2–3): 117–24. doi:10.1007/BF00182322. PMID 7528727.
• Chirmule N, McCloskey TW, Hu R, et al. (1995). "HIV gp120 inhibits T cell activation by interfering with expression of costimulatory molecules CD40 ligand and CD80 (B71)". J. Immunol. 155 (2): 917–24. PMID 7541827.
• Rowell JF, Stanhope PE, Siliciano RF (1995). "Endocytosis of endogenously synthesized HIV-1 envelope protein. Mechanism and role in processing for association with class II MHC". J. Immunol. 155 (1): 473–88. PMID 7602119.
• Sherman MA, Weber DA, Jensen PE (1995). "DM enhances peptide binding to class II MHC by release of invariant chain-derived peptide". Immunity 3 (2): 197–205. doi:10.1016/1074-7613(95)90089-6. PMID 7648393.
• Radley E, Alderton RP, Kelly A, et al. (1994). "Genomic organization of HLA-DMA and HLA-DMB. Comparison of the gene organization of all six class II families in the human major histocompatibility complex". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (29): 18834–8. PMID 8034636.
• Chen YH, Böck G, Vornhagen R, et al. (1994). "HIV-1 gp41 binding proteins and antibodies to gp41 could inhibit enhancement of human Raji cell MHC class I and II expression by gp41". Mol. Immunol. 31 (13): 977–82. doi:10.1016/0161-5890(94)90092-2. PMID 8084338.
• Fling SP, Arp B, Pious D (1994). "HLA-DMA and -DMB genes are both required for MHC class II/peptide complex formation in antigen-presenting cells". Nature 368 (6471): 554–8. doi:10.1038/368554a0. PMID 8139690.
• Chirmule N, Wang XP, Hu R, et al. (1994). "Envelope glycoproteins of HIV-1 interfere with T-cell-dependent B cell differentiation: role of CD4-MHC class II interaction in the effector phase of T cell help". Cell. Immunol. 155 (1): 169–82. doi:10.1006/cimm.1994.1110. PMID 8168144.
• Sanderson F, Powis SH, Kelly AP, Trowsdale J (1993). "Limited polymorphism in HLA-DM does not involve the peptide binding groove". Immunogenetics 39 (1): 56–8. doi:10.1007/bf00171797. PMID 8225438.
• Callahan KM, Rowell JF, Soloski MJ, et al. (1993). "HIV-1 envelope protein is expressed on the surface of infected cells before its processing and presentation to class II-restricted T lymphocytes". J. Immunol. 151 (6): 2928–42. PMID 8376762.