HLA-C

Major histocompatibility complex, class I, C
Illustration of an HLA-C showing the HLA-B 'alpha' chain, ?2-Microglobulin, and the end of a peptide bound in the binding cleft.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 3BZF​
Identifiers
Symbols	HLA-C ; D6S204; HLA-JY3; HLC-C; PSORS1
External IDs	OMIM: 142840 HomoloGene: 133080 GeneCards: HLA-C Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • peptide antigen binding • TAP binding Cellular component • Golgi membrane • extracellular region • endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi apparatus • plasma membrane • integral component of plasma membrane • cell surface • ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane • phagocytic vesicle membrane • early endosome membrane • MHC class I protein complex • extracellular exosome • integral component of lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane Biological process • antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I • antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent • antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-independent • antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent • immune response • viral process • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway • antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I • innate immune response • regulation of immune response • interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway • type I interferon signaling pathway Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3107	14964
Ensembl	ENSG00000204525	ENSMUSG00000073411
UniProt	P10321	P01899
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001243042	NM_010380.3
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001229971	NP_034510.3
Location (UCSC)	Chr 6: 31.27 – 31.36 Mb	Chr 17: 35.26 – 35.27 Mb
PubMed search

HLA-C belongs to the MHC (human = HLA) class I heavy chain receptors. The C receptor is a heterodimer consisting of a HLA-C mature gene product and β2-microglobulin. The mature C chain is anchored in the membrane. MHC Class I molecules, like HLA-C, are expressed in nearly all cells, and present small peptides to the immune system which surveys for non-self peptides.

HLA-C is a locus on chromosome 6, which encodes for a large number of HLA-C alleles that are Class-I MHC receptors. HLA-C, localized proximal to the HLA-B locus, is located on the distal end of the HLA region. Most HLA C:B haplotypes are in strong linkage disequilibrium and many are as ancient as the human species itself.

Disease associations

By serotype

Cw1: Multinodular goiters^[1]

By allele

C*16: B chronic lymphocytic leukemia^[2]

Nomenclature

C*01

• Cw1 Serotype: C*01:02 and C*01:09
• Cw11 ?
• C*01:04 to *01:08

C*02

• Cw2 Serotype: C*02:02 and *02:08
• C*02:03 to *02:07, and 02:09

C*03

• Cw9 Serotype: C*03:03
• Cw10 Serotype: C*03:02, *03:04, and *03:06
• Cw3 Serotype: C*03:07
• C*03:05 and 03:08

C*04

• Cw4 Serotype: C*0401, *0407, and *0410

C*05

• Cw5 Serotype: C*05:01 and *05:02
• C*05:03 to *05:06 and *05:08 to *05:10

C*06

• Cw6 Serotype: C*06:02 and *06:05
• C*06:03, *06:04 and *06:06 to *06:11
• Cw7 Serotype: C*07:01 to *07:06, *07:12, *07:14, *07:16
• C*07:07 to *07:11, *07:13, *07:15, and *07:17 to *07:29

C*08

• Cw8 Serotype: C*08:01, *08:02 and *08:03
• C*08:05 to *08:12

C*12:02 to *12:15

C*14:02 to *14:05

C*15:01 to *15:11

C*16:01 to *16:06

C*17:01 to *17:03

C*18:01 and *18:02

Common Haplotype

Cw4-B35 (Western Africa to Native Americans) Cw7-B7 (Western Eurasia, South Africa) Cw7-B8 (Western Eurasia) Cw1-B46 (China, Indochina) Cw5-B44 (Western Eurasia)

Interactions

HLA-C has been shown to interact with:

• KIR2DL1,^[3][4][5][6] with various members of the
• LILRA3 ^[7] and
• Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor family, particularly the activating receptors LILRA1 and

References

1. Ríos A, Rodríguez JM, Moya MR, Galindo PJ, Canteras M, Alvarez MR, Parrilla P (2006). "Associations of HLA-C alleles with multinodular goiters: study in a population from southeastern Spain.". Arch Surg 141 (2): 123–8. doi:10.1001/archsurg.141.2.123. PMID 16490887.
2. Montes-Ares O, Moya-Quiles MR, Montes-Casado M, Guerra-Pérez N, Campillo JA, González C, López-Bermejo A, Tamayo M, Majado MJ, Parrado A, Muro M, Marín L, Alvarez-López MR (2006). "Human leucocyte antigen-C in B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.". Br J Haematol 135 (4): 517–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06334.x. PMID 17054674.
3. Boyson JE, Erskine R, Whitman MC, Chiu M, Lau JM, Koopman LA, Valter MM, Angelisova P, Horejsi V, Strominger JL (December 2002). "Disulfide bond-mediated dimerization of HLA-G on the cell surface". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (25): 16180–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.212643199. PMC 138585. PMID 12454284.
4. Baba E, Erskine R, Boyson JE, Cohen GB, Davis DM, Malik P, Mandelboim O, Reyburn HT, Strominger JL (December 2000). "N-linked carbohydrate on human leukocyte antigen-C and recognition by natural killer cell inhibitory receptors". Hum. Immunol. 61 (12): 1202–18. doi:10.1016/s0198-8859(00)00184-1. PMID 11163076.
5. Valés-Gómez M, Reyburn HT, Mandelboim M, Strominger JL (September 1998). "Kinetics of interaction of HLA-C ligands with natural killer cell inhibitory receptors". Immunity 9 (3): 337–44. doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80616-0. PMID 9768753.
6. Fan QR, Long EO, Wiley DC (May 2001). "Crystal structure of the human natural killer cell inhibitory receptor KIR2DL1-HLA-Cw4 complex". Nat. Immunol. 2 (5): 452–60. doi:10.1038/87766. PMID 11323700.
7. Jones DC, Kosmoliaptsis V, Apps R, Lapaque N, Smith I, Kono A, Chang C, Boyle LH, Taylor CJ, Trowsdale J, Allen RL (March 2011). "HLA class I allelic sequence and conformation regulate leukocyte Ig-like receptor binding". J. Immunol. 186 (5): 2990–7. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1003078. PMID 21270408.

Further reading

• Geyer M, Fackler OT, Peterlin BM (2001). "Structure--function relationships in HIV-1 Nef.". EMBO Rep. 2 (7): 580–5. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kve141. PMC 1083955. PMID 11463741.
• Greenway AL, Holloway G, McPhee DA, Ellis P, Cornall A, Lidman M (2004). "HIV-1 Nef control of cell signalling molecules: multiple strategies to promote virus replication.". J. Biosci. 28 (3): 323–35. doi:10.1007/BF02970151. PMID 12734410.
• Bénichou S, Benmerah A (2003). "[The HIV nef and the Kaposi-sarcoma-associated virus K3/K5 proteins: "parasites"of the endocytosis pathway]". Med Sci (Paris) 19 (1): 100–6. doi:10.1051/medsci/2003191100. PMID 12836198.
• Leavitt SA, SchOn A, Klein JC, Manjappara U, Chaiken IM, Freire E (2004). "Interactions of HIV-1 proteins gp120 and Nef with cellular partners define a novel allosteric paradigm.". Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 5 (1): 1–8. doi:10.2174/1389203043486955. PMID 14965316.
• Tolstrup M, Ostergaard L, Laursen AL, Pedersen SF, Duch M (2004). "HIV/SIV escape from immune surveillance: focus on Nef.". Curr. HIV Res. 2 (2): 141–51. doi:10.2174/1570162043484924. PMID 15078178.
• Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D (2005). "Nef: "necessary and enforcing factor" in HIV infection.". Curr. HIV Res. 3 (1): 87–94. doi:10.2174/1570162052773013. PMID 15638726.
• Anderson JL, Hope TJ (2005). "HIV accessory proteins and surviving the host cell.". Current HIV/AIDS reports 1 (1): 47–53. doi:10.1007/s11904-004-0007-x. PMID 16091223.

External links

• Molecular Anthropology Yahoo Group
• HLA Allele and Haplotype Frequency Database