Hawkes Bay (New Zealand electorate)
Hawke's Bay was a parliamentary electorate in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand from 1881 to 1996. In 1986 it was renamed Hawkes Bay (without an apostrophe).
Population centres
The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875–76 election. In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In the 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875–76 election). The number of Māori electorates was held at four. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed, including Hawke's Bay, and two electorates that had previously been abolished to be recreated. This necessitated a major disruption to existing boundaries.[1]
Prior to the 1881 electoral redistribution, the Napier electorate covered not just the town of Napier, but also its rural hinterland. The northern boundary was the 39th latitude, the arbitrary line established in 1853 that formed the boundary between the original Wellington and Auckland Provinces.[2][3] In 1881, this arbitrary boundary line was abolished, and the East Coast electorate came across this line to the south. Inland, the Hawke's Bay electorate went across the line to the north and took up most of the rural part of the former Napier electorate, but it also went into the area of the Rangitikei electorate, and the town of Hastings was gained from the Clive electorate, which was abolished and replaced with Waipawa. Other settlements that belonged to the Hawke's Bay electorate in its initial shape were Bay View, Fernhill, and Havelock North.[4]
History
The electorate was represented by twelve Members of Parliament:[5]
The 1996 general election was held early, on 12 October, to avoid the need for a by-election after the resignation of Michael Laws.
Members of Parliament
Key
Independent Liberal Reform Labour National
| Election | Winner | |
|---|---|---|
| 1881 election | Fred Sutton | |
| 1884 election | William Russell | |
| 1887 election | ||
| 1890 election | ||
| 1893 election | ||
| 1896 election | ||
| 1899 election | ||
| 1902 election | ||
| 1905 election | Alfred Dillon | |
| 1908 election | ||
| 1911 election | Hugh Campbell | |
| 1914 election | Robert McNab | |
| 1917 by-election | John Findlay | |
| 1919 election | Hugh Campbell (2nd period) | |
| 1922 election | Gilbert McKay | |
| 1925 election | Hugh Campbell (3rd period) | |
| 1928 election | ||
| 1931 election | ||
| 1935 election | Edward Cullen | |
| 1938 election | ||
| 1943 election | ||
| 1946 election | Cyril Harker | |
| 1949 election | ||
| 1951 election | ||
| 1954 election | ||
| 1957 election | ||
| 1960 election | ||
| 1963 election | Richard Harrison | |
| 1966 election | ||
| 1969 election | ||
| 1972 election | ||
| 1975 election | ||
| 1978 election | ||
| 1981 election | ||
| 1984 election | Bill Sutton | |
| 1987 election | ||
| 1990 election | Michael Laws | |
| 1993 election | ||
| (Electorate abolished in 1996) | ||
Election results
1931 election
| General election, 1931: Hawke's Bay[6] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Reform | Hugh Campbell | 6,124 | 61.31 | ||
| Labour | Edward Luttrell Cullen[7] | 3,865 | 38.69 | ||
| Majority | 2,259 | 22.61 | |||
| Informal votes | 53 | 0.53 | |||
| Turnout | 10,042 | 80.25 | |||
| Registered electors | 12,514 | ||||
1922 election
| General election, 1922: Hawke's Bay[8][9][10] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Liberal | Gilbert McKay | 3,982 | 46.28 | ||
| Independent Reform | Andrew Hamilton Russell | 3,665 | 42.60 | ||
| Labour | Charles Henry Chapman | 957 | 11.12 | ||
| Majority | 317 | 3.68 | |||
| Informal votes | 105 | 1.21 | |||
| Turnout | 8,709 | 85.58 | |||
| Registered electors | 10,177 | ||||
1893 election
| General election, 1893: Hawke's Bay[11][12][13] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Opposition | William Russell | 1,874 | 40.76 | ||
| Liberal | Charles William Reardon | 1,804 | 39.23 | ||
| Liberal | Thomas Tanner | 920 | 20.01 | ||
| Majority | 70 | 1.52 | |||
| Turnout | 4,598 | 93.19 | |||
| Registered electors | 4,934 | ||||
Notes
- ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 43–48.
- ↑ McLintock, A. H., ed. (22 April 2009) [First published in 1966]. "Auckland Province and Provincial Districts". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
- ↑ McRobie 1989, p. 42.
- ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 42, 46.
- ↑ Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. p. ?. OCLC 154283103.
- ↑ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ↑ "A Coalition Certainty". The Evening Post CXII (120). 17 November 1931. p. 10. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
- ↑ Hislop, J. (1923). The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. p. 3. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ↑ "Hawke's Bay Seat". Auckland Star LIII (260). 2 November 1922. p. 7. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ↑ "Hawke's Bay Seat". Hawera & Normanby Star XLII. 1 November 1922. p. 7. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ↑ The General Election, 1893. Government Printer. 1894. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
- ↑ "The General Election". Otago Daily Times. 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
- ↑ "Hawke's Bay Electorate". Hawke's Bay Herald. XXVIII (9544). 2 December 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
References
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.