Wellington (New Zealand electorate)

Wellington (originally City of Wellington), was a parliamentary electorate in Wellington, New Zealand. It existed from 1853 to 1905 with a break in the 1880s. It was a multi-member electorate. The electorate was represented, over the years, by 24 Members of Parliament.

Population centres

In December 1887, the House of Representatives voted to reduce its membership from general electorates from 91 to 70. The 1890 electoral redistribution used the same 1886 census data used for the 1887 electoral redistribution. In addition, three-member electorates were introduced in the four main centres. This resulted in a major restructuring of electorates, and Wellington was one of eight electorates to be re-created for the 1890 election.^[1]

History

The electorate was one of the original electorates used in the 1853 election for the 1st New Zealand Parliament. During the period until 1871, Wellington was a three-member electorate.

In 1858, Isaac Featherston and William Fitzherbert resigned their seats in Parliament.^[2] Featherston apparently wanted to return to England.^[3] Instead, he successfully stood for re-election within months. The other person returned in the same by-election was William Barnard Rhodes.^[4]

The election for the 3rd Parliament was held on 11 December 1860,^[5] with the announcement of the official results on 15 December.^[6]

Members of Parliament

Key

Independent Liberal

Three-member electorate (1853–1871)

Election
1853 election	Charles Clifford	Robert Hart	James Kelham
1855 election		Isaac Featherston	William Fitzherbert
1858 by-election		Isaac Featherston	William Rhodes
1860 election	William Taylor^[7]		William Rhodes
1866 election	William Taylor^[7]		Charles Borlase^[8]

Two-member electorate (1871–1881)

Election
1871 election	George Hunter	Edward Pearce^[9]
1875 election		Edward Pearce^[9]
1877 by-election		William Travers
1878 by-election		George Elliott Barton^[10]
1879 election	William Hutchison^[11]	William Levin^[12]
(Electorate abolished 1881–1890)

Three-member electorate (1890–1905)

From 1881 to 1890, the Wellington electorate was replaced by three separate electorates: Te Aro and Thorndon during the whole nine years, and Wellington South (until 1887) then Wellington East (1887–1890)

Election
1890 election	George Fisher	Kennedy Macdonald^[13]	John Duthie
1892 by-election	George Fisher	William McLean^[14]
1893 election	Francis Bell	Robert Stout
1896 election	George Fisher	Robert Stout	John Hutcheson
1898 by-election^[15]		John Duthie	John Hutcheson
1899 by-election		John Duthie	John Hutcheson
1899 election		Arthur Atkinson	John Hutcheson
1902 election		John Duthie	John Aitken
1905 by-election	Francis Fisher	John Duthie	John Aitken
(Electorate abolished 1905; see Wellington Central, Wellington East, and Wellington North)

In 1905 the Wellington electorate was again replaced by three electorates: Wellington Central, Wellington East, and Wellington North. In the 1905 election, all three Wellington incumbents stood in the new electorates, with Fisher and Aitken winning in Central and East respectively, while Duthie lost to Charles Izard in Wellington North - ending his parliamentary career.

Election results

1858 by-election

City of Wellington by-election, 1858^[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Isaac Featherston	360
	Independent	William Rhodes	352
	Independent	Jerningham Wakefield	349
	Independent	William Bowler	347
Majority			3^{[nb 1]}
Total votes			1,408

Table footnotes

↑ Majority is the difference between lowest winning poll (Rhodes: 352) and highest losing poll (Wakefield: 349)

1890 election

New Zealand general election, 1890^[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	George Fisher	2,828	53.64
	Opposition	John Duthie	2,779	52.71
	Liberal	Kennedy Macdonald	2,482	47.08
	Opposition	Francis Bell	2,299	43.61
	Liberal	Edwin George Jellicoe^[18]	1,921	35.98
	Liberal	Francis Fraser	1,755	33.29
	Liberal	William McLean^[14]	1,060	20.11
	Liberal	Robert Winter^[19]	716	13.58
Majority			183	3.47
Total votes			15,816
Turnout			5,272	60.00
Registered electors			8,786

1892 by-election

City of Wellington by-election, 1892^[20]^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	William McLean	3,388	51.08	+30.97
	Opposition	Francis Bell	3,245	48.92	+5.31
Majority			143	2.16	-1.32
Turnout			6,633	75.50	+15.49
Registered electors			8,786

1893 election

New Zealand general election, 1893^[22]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Robert Stout	6,218	46.73
	Opposition	Francis Bell	5,773	43.39
	Opposition	John Duthie	4,840	36.37
	Liberal	Kennedy Macdonald	3,863	29.03
	Liberal	Francis Fraser	3,729	28.02
	Independent	Harry Vogel	3,606	27.10
	Liberal	William McLean^[14]	3,438	25.84
	Liberal	George Fisher	2,385	17.92
	Independent	Thomas Dwan	1,157	8.70
	Independent	William Travers	1,093	8.21
Majority			977¹
Informal votes			147
Total votes			36,249
Turnout			13,306 ²	80.66
Registered electors			16,497

1893 was the first election in which women could vote (the electoral act giving women the vote was passed ten weeks prior to the election).^[23] Electoral returns quantified female enrolment and turnout, and showed women's turnout was higher than men's while women's enrolment was lower.

Participation by gender			%
Female	Turnout	6,146	84.42
Female	Enrolled females	7,280	44.13

Male	Turnout	7,160	77.68
Male	Enrolled males	9,217	55.87

¹ Majority is difference between lowest winning poll (Duthie - 4,840) and highest losing poll (Mcdonald - 3,863)

² Turnout is total number of voters - as voters had three votes each total votes cast was higher (36,102 valid, and 147 invalid votes)

1896 election

New Zealand general election, 1896^[24]^[25]^[26]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Hutcheson	6,410	48.68
	Independent	Robert Stout	6,305	47.88
	Liberal	George Fisher	5,858	44.49
	Opposition	Arthur Atkinson	5,830	44.27
	Liberal	Charles Wilson	5,569	42.29
	Opposition	Andrew Agnew Stuart Menteath	5,559	42.22
	Liberal	Francis Fraser	1,811	13.75
	Independent	Justinian John Kivern Powell	185	1.40
	Liberal	Arthur Warburton	91	0.69
Majority			28 ¹	0.21
Total votes			37,618
Turnout			13,168^[27]²	68.21
Registered electors			19,304^[28]

¹ Majority is difference between lowest winning poll (Fisher: 5,858) and highest losing poll (Atkinson: 5,830)

² Turnout is total number of voters - as voters had three votes each total votes cast was higher (37,618)

1898 by-election

City of Wellington by-election, 1898^[29]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	John Duthie	7,283	53.80
	Liberal	Richard Clement Kirk	6,254	46.20
Majority			1,029	7.60
Turnout			13,537	77.26
Registered electors			17,522^[30]

1899 by-election

City of Wellington by-election, 1899^[31]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal-Labour	John Hutcheson	6,945	58.28
	Independent	Edwin George Jellicoe^[18]	4,971	41.72
Majority			1,974	16.57
Turnout			11,916

1899 election

New Zealand general election, 1899^[32]^[33]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Hutcheson	7,436	51.06	+2.38
	Opposition	Arthur Richmond Atkinson	6,703	46.02	+1.75
	Liberal	George Fisher	6,442	44.23	-0.26
	Liberal	Kennedy Macdonald	6,320	43.39
	Opposition	Thomas William Hislop	6,297	43.23
	Independent Liberal	Edwin George Jellicoe^[18]	4,751	32.62
	Liberal	Charles Luke	3,812	26.17
	Independent Liberal	Thomas Carmichael	1,004	6.89
	Liberal-Labour	William Earnshaw	851	5.84
	Independent Liberal	Denton Burnett Duncan	78	0.54
Majority			122¹	0.84	+0.04
Total votes			43,694
Turnout			14,565	77.17	+8.95
Registered electors			18,874

¹ Majority is difference between lowest winning poll (Fisher: 6,442) and highest losing poll (Macdonald: 6,320)

Participation by gender			%
Female	Turnout	7,080	79.30
Female	Enrolled females	8,928	47.30

Male	Enrolled males	9,946	52.70

1902 election

New Zealand general election, 1902^[34]^[35]^[36]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Opposition	John Aitken	7,808	55.29
	Opposition	John Duthie	6,886	48.76
	Liberal	George Fisher	6,685	47.34
	Independent Liberal	Patrick O'Regan	6,304	44.64
	Opposition	Arthur Atkinson	6,094	43.15
	Liberal	John Findlay	4,764	33.74
	Liberal	James Godber	1,437	10.18
	Liberal	Edwin George Jellicoe^[18]	1,384	9.80
	Labour	David McLaren	1,003	7.10
Majority			381¹	2.70
Informal votes			328
Total votes			42,365
Turnout			14,122	66.56
Registered electors			21,218

¹ Majority is difference between lowest winning poll (Fisher: 6,685) and highest losing poll (O'Regan: 6,304)

Participation by gender			%
Female	Turnout	7,312	72.00
Female	Enrolled females	10,155	47.86

Male	Enrolled males	11,063	52.14

1905 by-election

City of Wellington by-election, 1905^[37]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent Liberal	Francis Fisher	4,692	42.06
	Liberal	Charles Izard	3,441	30.84
	Liberal-Labour	John Hutcheson	3,021	27.08
Majority			1,251	11.21
Turnout			11,154
	Independent Liberal gain from Liberal		Swing

Notes

↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 54ff.
↑ "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES." (340). Otago Witness. 5 June 1858. p. 5. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
↑ Hamer, David (22 June 2007). "Featherston, Isaac Earl 1813 - 1876". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
↑ "Wellington". Hawke's Bay Herald 1 (47). 14 August 1858. p. 2. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
↑ "SUMMARY FOR Europe & Australia". Wellington Independent XV (1478). 7 December 1860. p. 5. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
↑ "Declaration of the Poll". Wellington Independent XV (1481). 18 December 1860. p. 2. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
↑ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. William Waring Taylor". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
↑ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. Charles Bonythorne Borlase". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
↑ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. Edward Pearce". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
↑ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. George Elliott Barton". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
↑ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. William Hutchison". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
↑ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. William Hort Levin". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
↑ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. Thomas Kennedy Macdonald". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
1 2 3 Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Wellington Ex-Members Of The House Of Representatives". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
↑ "The Wellington City Election". Wanganui Herald, Volume XXXII, Issue 9384. 10 March 1898. p. 2. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
↑ "The General Assembly Election". The Wellington Independent X (1310). 28 July 1858. p. 3. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
↑ "New Zealand General Election, 1890". 1891. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
1 2 3 4 Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Barristers and Solicitors". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
↑ "Mr Robert Winter at Wellington". The Star (7000). 1 November 1890. p. 4. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
↑ "New Zealand". The Marlborough Express. XXVIII (17). 21 January 1892. p. 2. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
↑ "Wellington City Election". Wanganui Herald XXVI (7620). 16 January 1892. p. 2. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
↑ "Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1894 Session I, H-19". New Zealand General Election, 1893. 1894. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
↑ Electoral Act, 1893
↑ "A Mistake in the Wellington Vote". The Evening Post. 10 December 1896. p. 6. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
↑ "Page 1 Advertisements Column 3". The Evening Post. 28 November 1896. p. 1. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
↑ "List of Candidates". Hawera & Normanby Star. XXXIII (3411). 2 December 1896. p. 2. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
↑ "The Wellington Election". Clutha Leader. 28 July 1899. p. 5. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
↑ McRobie 1989, p. 63.
↑ "Wellington Election". The New Zealand Herald XXXV (10697). 10 March 1898. p. 5. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
↑ "The Wellington By-Election". Ashburton Guardian XIX (4439). 8 March 1898. p. 2. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
↑ "The Wellington Election". Clutha Leader XXVI (1319). 28 July 1899. p. 5. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
↑ "New Zealand General Election, 1899". Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1900 Session I, H-26. p. 2. Retrieved 15 May 2013. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ "Untitled". The Evening Post. LVIII (136). 6 December 1899. p. 6. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
↑ "New Zealand General Election, 1902". Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1903 Session I, H-26. Retrieved 15 May 2013. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ "Notice of Polling Day". Free Lance III (125). 22 November 1902. p. 22. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
↑ "Wellington City Election". Free Lance III (125). 22 November 1902. p. 8. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
↑ "The Wellington Election". North Otago Times. 7 April 1905. p. 2. Retrieved 18 December 2015.

References

McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

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