Laki dialect

Laki
Lekî
لەکی
Native to	Iran
Region	Central Zagros
Ethnicity	Laks
Native speakers	1 million (2000)[1]
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Iranian Western Iranian Northwestern Iranian I Laki
Language codes
ISO 639-3	lki
Glottolog	laki1244[2]
Linguasphere	58-AAC-aac

Laki  pronunciation  ^[3](لەکی; Lekî) is a speech variety that is either considered an independent Iranian language,^[4][5][6] a dialect of Lurish^[7][8][9] or of Southern Kurdish.^{[10][11][12][13]} Lexical similarity with Khorramabadi Luristani is 78%, with Persian is 70%, and with Northern Luri is 69%.^[1]

Laki is presently spoken in the areas south of Hamadan and including the towns of Nahavand, Tuyserkan, Nursbad, Ilam, Gilan, and Pahla (Pehle), as well as the countryside in the districts of Horru, Selasele, Silakhur, and the northern Aleshtar in western Iran. There are also major Laki colonies spread from Khorasan to the Mediterranean Sea. Pockets of Laki speakers are found in Azerbaijan, the Alburz mountains, the Caspian coastal region, the Khurasani enclave (as far south as Birjand), the mountainous land between Qum and Kashan, and the region between Adiyaman and the Ceyhan river in far western Kurdistan in Anatolia. There are also many Iranian tribes named Lak who now speak other Iranian dialects (or other languages altogether) and are found from Adana to central Anatolia in Turkey, in Daghistan in the Russian Caucasus, and from Ahar to the suburbs of Teheran in Iran.

The syntax and vocabulary of Laki have been profoundly altered by Lurish language, a Southwest Iranic language. The basic grammar and verb systems of Laki are, like other Northwestern Iranian languages, especially Kurdish the Zaza–Gorani languages, clearly Northwest Iranian. This relationship is further affirmed by remnants in Laki of the Kurdish grammatical hallmark, the ergative construction. Despite this, Shahsavari based on his linguistics and semantics characteristics concluded that Laki is obviously different from Kurdish.^[14]

The sources for the Lurish Origin of Laki is by Izadpanah that he is Lur.

laki and Ancient Persian

Ancient Persian	English	Kurdish	Laki	Lurish	Farsi
dā	mother	dāya	dā	dā	mādar
ima	we	ima	ima	ima	mā
awa	it	awa	aœa	ho/û	ān
baw	father	bãwa	bawa	bawa	pedar
hyat	When the	kati ka	hanî[15]	hanî	zamni ke
hvar	sun	xor/war	hœar	hurşîd	xorshid
aδa	At that time	awsā	asa	ûsa	ān zaman
tauhmā	Seed	tōm	tûîm	tōm	toxm
brātā	Brother	bera	berā	berār	barādar
ah	is	haya	hā	hā	hast,budan
Jani	Female	žen	žan	zan	zan
Xvasura	Spouse's family	xazūra	hasûira	hasîra	xānevadeh hamsar
Asrav	Tears	asrin	asr	asr	ashk
Varaza	Boar	barāz	verāz	verāz	gorāz
zān	Know	zān	zān	dŭn	dān
zamā	Groom	zamā/zāwā	zœmā	dœmā	dāmād
varkā	Lamb	barx	vark	vark	bare
māung	Month	māŋ	māŋ	mä	māh
āsen	Iron	āsen	āsen	āhen	āhan
berz	Height	barz	barz	barz	boland
tāu	Heat	taw	tāu	tāu	garmā

Comparison between Laki and some other Kurdish varieties

Feyli	Kelhuri	Central Kurdish	Northern Kurdish	Laki	Hawrami	English
wehar	wehar	behar, wehar	behar, bihar	wehar, vihar	wehar	spring
tawsan	tawsan	hawîn, tawsan	havîn	tawsan	hamîn	summer
payîz	payîz	payîz	pahîz, payîz	payîz , małejêr	payîz	autumn
waran	waran	baran, werişt	baran	varan, waran, veşt	waran, weşt	rain
çaw	çew	çaw	çav	çem	çem	eye
dut	dut	kiç/kenîşk/afret	keç, dot	dit, afiret	kinaçê	girl
kurr	kurr	kurr	kurr	koirr	kurr	boy
gurdalle	gurdalle	gurçîle	gurçik	gurdałe , viłk	wellk	kidney
rêwêar	rêwêar	rêbwar	rêbwar, rêwî	rêvêar ,rîwar	rawyar	wayfarer
minall	minall	minall, mindall	zarok	ayîl	zarolle	child
xwem	xwem	xom	ez bi xwe	wijim	wêm	myself
minîş	minîş	minîş	ez jî / min jî	minîj ,minîş,minîc	minîç	me too
keftin	keftin	kewtin	ketin	ketin	kewtey	to fall
xistin	xistin	hawêştin	avêtin	aîtin, haîştin	-	to throw
(mi) hatim	(mi) hatim	(min) hatim	ez hatim	(mi) hetim	(min) amam	I came
(mi) xwem/xwerim	(mi) xwem/dixwim	(min) exwem/dexom	ez dixwim	(mi) merim/mexwim	min mewerû	I eat
(mi) nan xwardim	(mi) nan xwardim	(min) nanim xward	min nan xuard	(mi) nanim hward	(min) nanim ward	I ate the meal
(mi) nan xwem	(mi) nan xwem	(min) nan dexwim	ez nanê di xwum	(mi) nane merim/mexwim	(min) nan mewerû	I am eating the meal
(mi) nan xwardisim	(mi) na xwardêam	(min) nanim dexward	min nan di xuard	(mi) nanme mehward	-	I was eating the meal
(mi) hatime	(mi) hatime	(min) hatûme	ez hatime	(mi) hetime		I have come
(mi) hatoîm	(mi) hatoîm	(min) hatibûm	ez hatibûm	(mi) hetoîm	-	I had come

Comparison between Laki and some other Lurish varieties with kormaci alfabet

Lakî	South Lurish	Minjai	Bakhtiari	English	Perian	Persian transcription
berd,koiçik,san	berd / kuçuk	berd	berd / kuçuk	stone	سنگ	sang
sê	sê	sê / sia	šé / sê	black	سیاه	siyah
çem	tye	češ	tî / tye	eye	چشم	chashm
da / daleke	da / deî	da / dałike	da	mother	مادر	maadar
pit	nuft	pit	nuft	nose	بینی	bini
kiłe ga	verza	verza	verza	bull	گاونر	gāve nar
tate	tate	tate	tate	uncle (Father's brother)	عمو	amu
halû	halû	halû	halû	uncle (mother's brother)	دایی	dayi
çûłê(big) , jijû(small)	cilé / cŭlé	jejŭ / jejŭle	čŭlé	Porcupine	تشی	tashi
agir / awir	teš	agır / teš	teš / agır	fire	آتش	aatash
bîlem ,biylim	bêlum	bîlam	bêlum	let me	به من اجازه بده	be man ejaze bedeh
koir	kur	kur	kur	son/boy	پسر	pesar
dit , afiret	duwer/dōder	duxter	dōder	daughter	دختر	dokhtar
pîayl , pîal	pîayel	pîaya	pîayel	men	مردها	mardha
jinel , jiniyl	zenel	zenîa	zenel/zengel	women	زنها	zanha
dîar	dîar	dîar	dîar	evident, obvious	مشخص، آشکار	moshakhkhas, ashkar
mezg	mezg	mezg	mezg	brain	مغز	maghz
pişî	gulŭ	pıšî / gulŭ	gulŭ	cat	گربه	gorbeh
gemal	kutŭ / seg	gemal / sey	kutŭ	dog	سگ	sag
bet	bet	bet	bet	duck	مرغابی	morghabi

Laki colors

Laki	Lurish	Zaza	Northern Kurdish	Central Kurdish	English
ispê, çermê	ispî, sipî	sipî	sipî	spî/çermû	white
reş, sê	sê	sîya	reş	reş	black
kaw	kaw, kîaw	kiho, kewe	şîn	şîn, kewe	blue
soêr	sôr	sûr	sor	sûr	red
sioz	sewz	sewz, kesk, kewe	kesk	sewz	green
hoiîl, qehviyî	qehweyî	qehweyî	qehweyî	qaweyî	brown
xakî-bur	xakî-bur	gewr, bor	gewr	bor	gray
zerd	zerd	zerd	zer	zerd	yellow

Laki calendar

Mangê lekî
pence
mêrêan
gakoir
agranê
mirdał
male jêr
male jêr doimaêne
tül tekin
mange sêe
niorûj
xake lêe
mang êd

See also

• Jalilavand
• Delfan County
• Kuhdasht County
• Selseleh County
• Bayranshahr

References

1. Laki at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Laki". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
3. Laki - Kurdish Academy of language
4. Template:Shahsavari, Faramarz(2010): Laki and Kurdish. Iran and the Caucasus: volume14, Number 1, Pages 79-82
5. Lakī and Kurdish, Author: Shahsavari, Faramarz, Source: Iran and the Caucasus, Volume 14, Number 1, 2010 , pp. 79-82(4)
6. Template:یادکرد وب
7. B. Grimes, (ed.), Luri, in Ethnologues (۱۳th edition), Dallas 1996, p.677
8. ایزدپناه، ح. : فرهنگ لکی، موسسه فرهنگی جهانگیری، تهران ۱۳۶۷خ، ص ده (مقدمه).
9. نقل منابع از ایزدپناه، ح. : فرهنگ لکی، موسسه فرهنگی جهانگیری، تهران ۱۳۶۷خ، ص ۱۱
10. Windfuhr, G. (2009). The Iranian Languages, Routledge, p. 587
11. Rüdiger Schmitt: Die iranischen Sprachen in Gegenwart und Geschichte. Wiesbaden (Reichert) 2000.
12. Rüdiger Schmitt (Hg.): Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum. Wiesbaden (Reichert) 1989.
13. V. Minorsky, "Lak", Encyclopaedia of Islam.
14. Shahsavari, Faramarz, Source: Iran and the Caucasus, Volume 14, Number 1, 2010 , pp. 79-82(4)
15. Different, "hani» that the Laki and the Lurish that means "still".

External links