Kedah Malay
| Kedah Malay | |
|---|---|
|
بهاس ملايو قدح มลายูสตูล | |
|
Pelat Utagha Bahasa Melayu Kedah | |
| Native to | Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia |
| Region |
Kedah, Pulau Pinang, Perlis, Perak, Satun, Trang, Phuket, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Phattalung, Tanintharyi, Acheh,Yala,Narathiwat |
| Ethnicity | Kedahan Malays, Thai Malays |
Native speakers | 2.6 million (2004)[1] |
| Dialects |
Coastal Kedah
Perlis-Langkawi
Penang
Upstream Kedah
Satun?
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
meo |
| Glottolog |
keda1251[2] |
Kedah Malay or Kedahan (Also known as Pelat Utara or Loghat Utara 'Northern Dialect') is a variety of the Malayan languages mainly spoken in the northwestern northern Malaysian states of Perlis, Kedah, Penang, and northern Perak and in the southern Thai provinces of Trang and Satun, where it is called "Satun Malay" (มลายูสตูล). Speakers in Trang are most heavily influenced by Thai language.[3]
Kedah Malay can be divided into several dialects, namely Kedah Persisiran (standard), Baling or Kedah Hulu, Kedah Utara, Perlis-Langkawi, Penang and some others outside Malaysia. See Malayan languages for a comparison of Kedah Persisiran, Penang and Baling dialects.
The main characteristic of Kedah Malay is the -a final vocal is pronounced as /ɑ/ such as /a/ in "dark", which is varied from standard Malay -a that pronounced as /a/. Other characteristics of the dialect are final consonant -r is pronounced as -q and final consonant -s is pronounced as -ih (e.g.:Lapar = Lapaq (Hungry), Lepas = Lepaih (release, after) ) while initial and middle r are guttural.
Vocabulary
Some word examples of comparison between Kedah Malay and Standard Malay along with English translation:
| Kedah Malay (Standard Subdialect) | Standard Malay (Malaysia) | English |
|---|---|---|
| Ayaq | Air | Water |
| Hat/Hak | Yang | Which/That |
| Hang | Kamu, Engkau | You (singular) |
| Habaq | Khabar, Beritahu | Say/Tell |
| Cek | Saya, Kamu | I, You (singular) |
| Depa | Mereka | They, Them |
| Angpa/Hampa | Kalian | You (plural)/ Your Guys |
| Sepa (only used in certain areas) | Kami | We/Us |
| Pi | Pergi | Go |
| Mai | Datang, Mari | Come |
| Awat, Pasaipa | Mengapa | Why |
| La | Sekarang | Now |
| Sat | Sebentar, Sekejap | Moment (to wait) |
| Mengkala | Bila/Apabila | When |
| Ketegaq | Degil, Keras Kepala | Stubborn |
| Jom (widely used in Malaysian Malay) | Ayuh, Mari | Let's go |
| Kot (widely used in Malaysian Malay) | Mungkin, Barangkali | Maybe/Probably |
| Gerek | Basikal (also used by Kedahan Malay that reside in urban area) | Bicycle |
| Mertun | Tukul | Hammer |
| Tenggalung | Baling | Throw |
| Ghabat | Panjat | Climb |
| Ligan | Kejar | Chase |
| Loq Laq | Tak senonoh | Indecent |
| Ketit | Gigit kecil | Nibble |
| Tokak | Gigit | Bite |
| Berlemuih | Comot | Grubby |
| Beretuh | Terlanggar | Bump/Hit |
| Hawing | Baling | Throw (usually something big) |
| Kupang | Puluh sen | -ty cent(s) (example: ten cents, fifty cents etc.) |
| Jenuh | Susah | Burdensome (usually refers to an action) |
| Toyu | Kicap | Soy sauce |
| Celuih | Muat | Fits |
| Kutey | Cubit | Pinch/Tweak |
| Mangkaq (vulgar) | Bodoh | Stupid/Dimwit |
| Darai | Pondan | Transvestite |
| Taboh | Pukul/Tampar | Hit/Beat (someone) |
| Tauk | Buang | Get rid |
| Tokua | Tauhu | Tofu |
| Cengey | Garang | Aggressive/Fierce |
| Tu | Itu | That |
| Gi | Kemudian | Soon/Later |
See also
References
- ↑ Kedah Malay at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Kedah Malay". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- ↑ "as they often do, their dialect is" - My library - Google Books. Books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
External links
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||