Labour Party (UK) leadership election, 2015

Labour Party (UK) leadership election
United Kingdom
14 August 2015 – 12 September 2015 (2015-09-12)
Turnout 422,871
(76.3%)
 
Candidate Jeremy Corbyn Andy Burnham
Popular vote 251,417 80,462
First preferences 59.5% 19.0%
 
Candidate Yvette Cooper Liz Kendall
Popular vote 71,928 18,857
First preferences 17.0% 4.5%
Leader before election

Harriet Harman (acting);
previously Ed Miliband

 Elected Leader

Jeremy Corbyn

The 2015 Labour Party leadership election was won by Jeremy Corbyn. The election was triggered by the resignation of Ed Miliband as Leader of the Labour Party on 8 May 2015, following the party's defeat at the 2015 general election. Harriet Harman, the Deputy Leader, became Acting Leader but announced that she would stand down after the leadership election.[1]

Four candidates were successfully nominated to stand in the election: Andy Burnham, Yvette Cooper, Jeremy Corbyn, and Liz Kendall. The voting process began on Friday 14 August 2015 and closed on Thursday 10 September 2015, and the results were announced on Saturday 12 September 2015. Voting was by Labour Party members and registered and affiliated supporters, using the alternative vote system.

Support for Corbyn, who entered the race as the dark horse candidate,[2] and the release of opinion polls which showed him leading the race, led to high profile interventions by members of the right and centrist wings of the party, including New Labour associates Gordon Brown,[3] Tony Blair,[4] Jack Straw,[5] David Miliband,[6] and Alastair Campbell, among others,[7] many of whom claimed that Corbyn's election as leader would leave the party unelectable. Nonetheless he was elected in a landslide in the first round, with 59.5% of the votes, winning a solid mandate, and all three sections of the ballot.

Procedure

The leadership election, triggered by Ed Miliband's resignation, took place under the reformed rules adopted from the proposals of the February 2014 Collins Report, which was led by Ray Collins, Baron Collins of Highbury.[8] The plan entailed a shorter election than the one that took place in 2010, with a new leader being in place before Labour's party conference in September 2015.[9]

The review changed the way in which Labour elects leaders. Under the former system, a three-way electoral college chose the leader, with one-third weight given to the votes of the Parliamentary Labour Party (i.e., Labour members of the House of Commons and Labour members of the European Parliament), one-third to individual Labour Party members, and one third to the trade union and affiliated societies sections. Following the Collins review, the electoral college was replaced by a pure "one member, one vote" (OMOV) system. Candidates will be elected by members and registered and affiliated supporters, who all receive a maximum of one vote and all votes will be weighted equally.[10] This meant that, for example, members of Labour-affiliated trade unions needed to register as Labour supporters to vote.

To stand, candidates now needed to be nominated by at least 15% of the Parliamentary Labour Party (PLP), i.e. 35 MPs. The vote, as in previous elections, was held under the alternative vote (instant-runoff) system. The deputy leadership election was held under the same rules.

The election itself was overseen by Electoral Reform Services.[11]

In late August, the Labour Party reported that about 552,000 members and supporters were eligible to vote; about 292,000 full members, 148,000 affiliated supporters (members of trade unions and socialist societies who opted to affiliate), plus 112,000 registered supporters.[12][13]

Timetable

A meeting of Labour's National Executive Committee took place on 13 May 2015 to set a timetable and procedure for the two elections.[14]

The deadline on 12 August 2015 to join as a member or supporter was extended by 3 hours due to heavy demand making the party website difficult to use.[16]

Candidates

Nominated

To be placed on the ballot, candidates for leader had to obtain the nominations of 35 MPs. An MP who nominates a candidate does not have to subsequently support, or vote for, that candidate. Some MPs have stated that they nominated only to ensure that candidate got onto the ballot paper.[17]

The four candidates officially nominated by members of the Parliamentary Labour Party
Candidate Constituency Office Announced PLP Nominations Share
Andy Burnham
(campaign) 		Leigh Shadow Health Secretary
(2011–2015)		 13 May 2015[18] 68 29.31%
Yvette Cooper Normanton, Pontefract and Castleford Shadow Home Secretary
(2011–2015)		 13 May 2015[19] 59 25.43%
Liz Kendall Leicester West Shadow Minister for Care and Older People
(2011–2015)		 10 May 2015[20][21] 41 17.76%
Jeremy Corbyn
(campaign) 		Islington North None 3 June 2015[22][23] 36 15.52%
Undeclared 28 12.07%

The number of MPs next to the candidate's name below includes the candidate, who can count as one of the 35 MPs needed. Public nominations for candidates by MPs were as follows:[24]

Before dropping out of the race on 12 June, Mary Creagh had 10 nominations: Sarah Champion, Jo Cox, Neil Coyle, Thangam Debbonaire, Helen Hayes, Susan Elan Jones, Mike Kane, Stephen Kinnock, Tulip Siddiq[24]

A total of 26 Labour MPs did not nominate any candidate: Graham Allen, Ben Bradshaw, Alan Campbell, Rosie Cooper, Mary Creagh, Stella Creasy, John Cryer, Angela Eagle, Natascha Engel, Caroline Flint, Barry Gardiner, Roger Godsiff, Harriet Harman, Meg Hillier, Lindsay Hoyle, Alan Johnson, Sir Gerald Kaufman, Ed Miliband, Rob Marris, Ian Murray, Graham Stringer, Mark Tami, Keith Vaz, Tom Watson, David Winnick, Rosie Winterton

Withdrew

Declined

Endorsements

Media reaction

Burnham

Burnham has been praised for having both "a radical left-wing vision" and being credible enough "to unite the party and win back power",[57] as well as for being someone who "actually listens to party members and the public".[58]

Burnham attracted press criticism for claiming £17,000 a year from the taxpayer to rent a London flat, despite owning another within walking distance of the House of Commons. A spokesman for Burnham said that renting out the original flat was necessary to "cover his costs" as parliamentary rule changes meant he was no longer able to claim for mortgage interest expenses.[59] Burnham was criticised for saying that Labour should have a woman leader "when the time is right", with the New Statesman saying that he had "tripped over his mouth again".

Cooper

Cooper was praised by the Huffington Post for her hard work in local constituencies during the leadership contest[60] and for her preparation for the Local Government Association hustings.[61]

She has been criticised both for thanking David Miliband for putting her as his second choice (after Liz Kendall)[62] and for her "broken, downbeat delivery".[63]

Corbyn

Corbyn's leadership bid has been the subject of fierce discussion within the media. Janan Ganesh in the Financial Times has argued that the election of Corbyn "spells disaster" for the Labour Party.[64] Owen Jones argued in The Guardian that the reason Corbyn was so popular was because he "offers a coherent, inspiring and, crucially, a hopeful vision" addressing social injustice and economic inequality, comparing the surge of support for Corbyn to the popularity of both UKIP in England and the Scottish National Party (SNP) in Scotland.[65]

Kendall

In June 2015, Kendall's leadership bid received praise from The Sun, who said that she is the "only prayer they [the Labour Party] have". The Sun also praised her for saying 'the country comes first' in response to Andy Burnham who said 'the [Labour] Party always comes first' in the Newsnight Labour leadership hustings.[66] Commentators from across the political spectrum have said that Kendall is the leadership candidate that the Conservatives "fear the most".[67][68][69]

However, the Huffington Post criticised her, saying "Liz Kendall just doesn't seem to have it, she seems to be always on the verge of tripping over her own words, as if she is perpetually being caught off guard."[60]

Dispute over election integrity

Labour Party membership since 1993

         Labour Party full members (excluding affiliates and supporters)

 

100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
2000
Aug 2015 pre-election

One of the most notable features of the election was the large increase in Labour Party membership, and the registration of significant numbers of the new affiliated and registered classes of voting supporters, during the period of the campaign.[70] Concern was expressed that the new rules were unfairly benefiting Corbyn,[71] and there might be a legal challenge,[72] but in the event the result was so decisive these concerns were not pursued after the election.[73]

In June 2015, the Conservative-identifying political commentator Toby Young wrote in the Telegraph encouraging Conservatives to join Labour to vote for Jeremy Corbyn,[74] his reason being "to consign Labour to electoral oblivion". This trended on Twitter as #ToriesforCorbyn and the attempt, as well as Labour's response, were subject to criticism.[75] Two days later the Communist Party of Great Britain (Provisional Central Committee) wrote also in support of Corbyn.[76] Following this, Labour MP John Mann called for the election to be halted.[77] Acting leader of the party Harriet Harman responded by calling on constituency parties to check new members, but stated that Labour has "a robust system to prevent fraudulent or malicious applications." Labour MP Fabian Hamilton stated there was "no evidence" that groups were trying to infiltrate the election.[78] Leadership candidates Andy Burnham and Liz Kendall also responded by saying there was no evidence of infiltration, and while not dismissing the claims, Corbyn stated he only wanted "genuine Labour supporters" to vote for him.[79][80]

Rejected voters

It emerged in early August 2015 that 260 former candidates from the Green Party, Left Unity and the Trade Union and Socialist Coalition had attempted to become registered supporters but will now be blocked from voting.[81] Shortly before this it was revealed that Conservative MP and former junior minister Tim Loughton had been caught applying to become a registered Labour supporter, subsequently claiming that his intention was to "blow the gaff on what a complete farce the whole thing is".[82] Veteran Labour MP Barry Sheerman also joined calls for the election to be "paused" over the fears of infiltration by other parties.[71] The Labour Party told representatives of the four candidates at a meeting on 11 August that 1,200 members and supporters of other parties had been excluded and a further 800 were under investigation.[83] Harriet Harman at the time admitted that as many as 100,000 people may be blocked from voting.[84]

The number of those rejected would eventually reach 56,000,[85] around 9.1% of the 610,753 considered eligible to vote at the start of the contest.[86] According to the party, 45,000 of those were rejected for not being on the electoral register.[87]

Labour also confirmed that it would cancel supporters' votes after they had been cast if it was found that they were members of other parties.[88] A number of high-profile individuals have been blocked from voting, including Marcus Chown,[89] Jeremy Hardy, Douglas Henshall,[90] Ken Loach,[89] Francesca Martinez,[90] Mark Serwotka,[91] Pete Sinclair,[92] Mark Steel,[93] Luke Wright[94] and Toby Young.

Andrew MacKinlay, a former Labour MP, further alleged that Labour was attempting to rig its own leadership election against Corbyn;[95] a view shared by Jeremy Hardy.[96] Such allegations became known to the media – and particularly Corbyn supporters – as the "Labour Purge", with #LabourPurge trending on Twitter.[97][98] Claims of such a "purge" of Corbyn supporters were rejected by Harman who insisted that the exclusion processes were impartial to candidates.[72] Scottish newspaper The National printed a page-long satirical cartoon speculating further vote-rigging by Labour's leadership.[99]

Missing ballots

With less than 24 hours to go before the voting deadline, the party closed their telephone helpline. The move came during widespread complaints from "thousands" of voters who were missing emailed or physical ballot papers.[100] The Guardian reported that one of their sources in the leadership camps stated that "the party has basically decided to stop taking calls and if you don't have a vote, you're now basically not getting one."[101] The party refused to confirm how many ballot papers had actually been sent.[102] Andy Burnham publicly criticised the number of missing ballots and the closure of the phone line.[103]

Labour MP David Lammy has called for a full inquiry into the missing ballot papers.[104] Of the 200 people his team phone called in London on the eve of the deadline, one in five were missing their ballots.

Debates

Television

Programme Date Moderator Channel Information
Newsnight Wednesday 17 June; 19.00 Laura Kuenssberg BBC Two On BBC iPlayer
Victoria Derbyshire Show Monday 13 July; 09.15 Victoria Derbyshire BBC Two On BBC iPlayer
Sunday Politics Sunday 19 July; 11.00 Andrew Neil BBC One On BBC iPlayer
Labour Leadership Hustings Tuesday 1 September; 15.30 Krishnan Guru-Murthy Channel 4 On Channel 4 News
Labour's Future: The Final Debate Thursday 3 September; 19.00 Adam Boulton Sky News Channel On Sky News

Radio

Show Date Moderator Station Information
The Labour Leadership Debate Wednesday 22 July; 19.00 Iain Dale LBC On LBC website
5 Live Breakfast Tuesday 25 August; 08.30 Nicky Campbell BBC Radio 5 Live On BBC iPlayer Radio

Online

Show Date Moderator Panel Online provider Information
The future of Labour: meet the next leader Thursday 27 August; 19:10 Hugh Muir Rafael Behr, John Harris and Anne Perkins The Guardian Live stream

Opinion polling

The polls in this section have been undertaken by media pollsters known to use industry standard polling methods.

The polls below were conducted after nominations for the leadership ballot closed.

Where there is more than one line for a poll, this is for when a candidate has been eliminated and their second or third preference votes passed onto another candidate.

Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Andy
Burnham		 Yvette
Cooper		 Jeremy
Corbyn		 Liz
Kendall		 Other/
Undecided
Opinium[105] 21–25 August 2015 474 Labour voters[lower-alpha 1] ± ? 27% 22% 39% 12% –
1,711 British voters[lower-alpha 2] 18% 13% 26% 11% 32%
Opinium[106] 11–14 August 2015 499 Labour voters[lower-alpha 1] ± ? 29% 19% 37% 15% –
1,719 British voters[lower-alpha 2] 18% 12% 23% 11% 36%
Survation[107][108] 12–13 August 2015 1,007 British residents[lower-alpha 3] ± ? 25% 15% 28% 12% 19%
YouGov/London Evening Standard[109][110] 10–12 August 2015 1,153 London residents[lower-alpha 4] ± ? 21% 20% 46% 12% –
11% 10% 24% 6% 48%
YouGov/The Times[111] 6–10 August 2015 1,411 eligible voters[lower-alpha 5] ± ? 21% 18% 53% 8% –
23% 23% 54% – –
– 38% 62% – –
Research Now[112] 28–29 July 2015 ? Labour voters[lower-alpha 6] ± ? 36% 20% 28% 16% –
1,001 British residents[lower-alpha 7] 30% 24% 24% 21% 1%
Opinium[113] 24–27 July 2015 481 Labour voters[lower-alpha 6] ± ? 39% 22% 24% 15% –
1,732 British residents[lower-alpha 7] 21% 14% 16% 12% 38%
YouGov/The Times[114] 17–21 July 2015 1,054 eligible voters[lower-alpha 8] ± ? 26% 20% 43% 11% –
29% 26% 44% – –
47% – 53% – –
ORB/The Independent[115] 21–23 June 2015 2,000 British residents[lower-alpha 7] ± ? 36% 20% 18% 25% 1%
Ipsos MORI/Evening Standard[116][117] 14–16 June 2015 275 Labour voters[lower-alpha 6] ± ? 23% 20% 9% 11% 38%
1,005 British residents[lower-alpha 7] ± 4% 15% 14% 5% 11% 55%

The polls below were conducted before nominations for the leadership closed and therefore include Labour politicians who were not in the final four candidates who were nominated.

Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Andy
Burnham		 Yvette
Cooper		 Tristram
Hunt		 Dan
Jarvis		 Liz
Kendall		 David
Miliband		 Rachel
Reeves		 Chuka
Umunna		 Other/
Undecided
YouGov/The Independent[118] 14–15 May 2015 1,567 British residents[lower-alpha 7] ± ? 22% 18% 9% – 5% – – 21% 25%
± ? 14% 8% 3% – 2% – – 17% 56%
Economic and Social Research Council/YouGov/New Statesman[119] 12–15 May 2015 1,200 Labour Party members[lower-alpha 9] ± ? 18% 8.5% – 5% 2% 2% – 12% 52.5%
The Independent[120] 11–15 May 2015 62 defeated Labour parliamentary candidates[lower-alpha 10] ± ? 27% 8% 3% – 18% – – 13% 31%
Survation/The Mail on Sunday[121][122] 8–9 May 2015 329 Labour voters[lower-alpha 6] ± ? 20.9% 13.1% 5.4% 7.7% 4.5%  — 6.4% 16.2% 25.8%
17.4% 10.8% 3.2% 7% 4.5% 23.8% 1.9% 15.9% 15.6%
1,027 British residents[lower-alpha 7] ± 2.1% 14.1% 11.2% 6% 6.4% 5.1%  — 4.2% 12.2% 40.6%
12.4% 8.4% 5.8% 6.2% 4.5% 17.8% 3.1% 11% 30.8%
  1. 1 2 People who are likely to vote Labour in next general election.
  2. 1 2 People who are likely to vote in next general election, excluding residents unlikely to vote.
  3. ↑ Residents over 18 in Great Britain after watching video clips of candidates
  4. ↑ Residents over 18 in London
  5. ↑ Labour Party members, registered supporters and signed up trade unionists who are eligible to vote in the leadership election
  6. 1 2 3 4 People who voted Labour in 2015 general election.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Residents over 18 in Great Britain
  8. ↑ Labour Party members, registered supporters and signed up trade unionists who are eligible to vote in the leadership election
  9. ↑ People who are due-paying members of the Labour Party.
  10. ↑ The 62 defeated parliamentary candidates gave their views anonymously.

Result

First round
Candidate Party members Registered supporters Affiliated supporters Total
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Jeremy Corbyn Green tick 121,751 49.59% 88,449 83.76% 41,217 57.61% 251,417
59.5%
Andy Burnham 55,698 22.69% 6,160 5.83% 18,604 26.00% 80,462
19.0%
Yvette Cooper 54,470 22.18% 8,415 7.97% 9,043 12.64% 71,928
17.0%
Liz Kendall 13,601 5.54% 2,574 2.44% 2,682 3.75% 18,857
4.5%

Source

Turnout for the vote was 422,871 (76.3%) of the 554,272 eligible voters, with 207 spoilt ballots. 343,995 votes (81.3%) were cast online, the UK's largest online ballot.[123]

Political reaction to the result

Domestic

Labour Party

Ed Miliband, former party leader, offered his support to Corbyn and urged other Labour MPs to do so, though he ruled himself out of taking on a position in Corbyn's shadow cabinet, to focus on representing his constituency.[124] Kezia Dugdale, leader of Scottish Labour, declared that "politics has changed" and people desired a "radical change", with Corbyn's election to the leadership showing that Labour had "listened to that call".[125] Carwyn Jones, leader of Welsh Labour and First Minister of Wales, congratulated Corbyn and urged the party to embrace the fact that the campaign had "energised a huge number of people who were previously disengaged from party politics" and unite around their new leader.[126]

Corbyn's rivals for the leadership each reacted to the result. Andy Burnham said that Jeremy Corbyn was a politician with "very deep beliefs, very strong principles" which voters would embrace.[127] Burnham later replaced Yvette Cooper as Shadow Home Secretary after she announced that she would not serve on a Labour frontbench led by Corbyn and that she would instead focus on playing a role in the upcoming EU membership referendum.[128] Following the close of voting, Liz Kendall made a speech reflecting on her campaign stating that, after the New Labour government, there was never any debate in relation to the direction the party should go, and it had created a split "between the party and the country".[129] All three of Corbyn's opponents in the leadership election stated they would support Corbyn, that the result should be accepted and the party should focus on attacking the Conservative government.[130]

During the announcement of Corbyn's victory, Jamie Reed resigned as a Shadow Health Minister, citing his difference in opinion, with the new leader, over the replacement of the Trident missile system. Chris Leslie (Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer), Yvette Cooper (Shadow Home Secretary), Chuka Umunna (Shadow Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills), Rachel Reeves (Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions), Emma Reynolds (Shadow Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government), Tristram Hunt (Shadow Secretary of State for Education), Mary Creagh (Shadow Secretary of State for International Development) and Liz Kendall (Shadow Minister for Care and Older People) also confirmed they would not serve in Corbyn's shadow cabinet.[131][132]

Conservative Party

David Cameron, leader of the Conservative Party and Prime Minister, stated that Corbyn's win would make the Labour Party a threat "to our national security, to our economic security and to the security of your family".[133] This echoed the same warning from other Cabinet ministers, including Michael Fallon, current Secretary of State for Defence,[134] and from an email sent by Conservative Campaign Headquarters to party members. However Nick Hurd, former Minister for Civil Society, and Daniel Hannan, MEP for South East England, both warned their party against "complacency". Ruth Davidson, leader of the Scottish Conservative Party, said that the result demonstrated that Labour had given up on being in government, and that many Labour MPs would show "despair at his appointment".[125]

UK Independence Party

Nigel Farage, leader of the UK Independence Party, congratulated Corbyn but added his concerns about the new Labour leader's immigration policies. Before Corbyn's win, Farage stated that Corbyn's "sweeping emergence on the Left of British politics, where he has helped re-engage many who had given up on politics, is a good thing for our democracy".[135]

Liberal Democrats

Tim Farron, leader of the Liberal Democrats, commented on the "massive space in the centre ground of British politics" that had been opened up, due to the perceived shift leftwards by Labour, and suggested that the Liberal Democrats would be able to appeal more directly to "sensible, moderate, progressives who are opposed to what the Conservatives are doing, but cannot bring themselves to support a party of the hard left".[136] The President of the Liberal Democrats, Sal Brinton, accused Labour of abdicating "its responsibilities" as a party of effective opposition. Willie Rennie, leader of the Scottish Liberal Democrats, said that Corbyn's success meant a "return to the damaging see saw politics of the past".[137] Kirsty Williams, leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats, attacked Corbyn as the "opposite of what this country needs", accusing Labour of returning to its 1970s policies.[138]

Green Party of England and Wales

Natalie Bennett, leader of the Green Party of England and Wales released a statement saying that her party would be "delighted" to work with Corbyn on a range of issues where they share common ground.[139]

Scottish National Party

Nicola Sturgeon, leader of the Scottish National Party and First Minister of Scotland, praised Corbyn on winning the leadership contest but claimed that Labour's failure to defeat the Conservatives at the next general election would further the cause for Scottish independence and leave the SNP as the only real opposition.[140]

Plaid Cymru

Leanne Wood, leader of Plaid Cymru congratulated Corbyn and urged the Labour Party to join with her party's MPs in opposing "Tory policies that are causing great harm to people in Wales and beyond".[141]

Social Democratic and Labour Party

Alasdair McDonnell, leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party commended Corbyn on an "incredible election campaign" and urged him to work towards returning Labour to an electable position, as well as opposing Conservative policies.[142]

Ulster Unionist Party

Mike Nesbitt, leader of the Ulster Unionist Party called on Corbyn to maintain Labour's policy towards Northern Ireland and "support agreements brought forward by the local parties".[142]

International

 Argentina – Then President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner sent her congratulations to Corbyn, hailing him as "a great friend of Latin America".[143]

 Greece – The country's governing party, Syriza, released a statement welcoming the election of Corbyn and arguing that the result would strengthen the "pan-European front against austerity".[144]

 Ireland /  Northern Ireland – Gerry Adams, the President of Sinn Féin, tweeted his words of congratulation to Corbyn.[145]

 Russia – Alexander Yakovenko, the Russian Ambassador to the United Kingdom, said that he hoped that Corbyn's election would create a "positive change" in the debate around Russia-United Kingdom relations.[146]

 Spain – Íñigo Errejón, the Political Secretary of Podemos, described the result as being part of a "wave of change" across Northern Europe.[147]

 United States – U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders, a candidate for the Democratic Party's nomination for president in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, announced that he was "delighted to see that the British Labour Party has elected Jeremy Corbyn as its new leader." He added: "We need leadership in every country in the world which tells the billionaire class that they cannot have it all. We need economies that work for working families, not just the people on top."[148]

Analysis

Nobel prize winning economist Paul Krugman said that it was not surprising that Jeremy Corbyn won the leadership contest, as all the candidates except for Corbyn essentially supported the Conservative government's austerity policies. As Krugman noted, not only the candidates but also the Labour moderates implicitly agreed with their opponents' idea that the government budget should always be balanced by the austerity policies.[149]

Krugman added that it was a false claim that the Labour party, in power during 1997–2010, spent far beyond their means and caused a debt crisis.[149]

Nobel laureate Amartya Sen said that the public's understanding of the government debt has been completely misled. As Sen pointed out, the debt-to-GDP ratio of UK was more than 100 percent for nearly 20 years after the Second World War, although Gordon Brown was criticised of increasing the debt to 70 percent.[150]

Nobel prize winning economist Joseph Stiglitz argued that the Labour party platform was different from what a leftist party must do, pointing out that Labour had not opposed austerity programmes.[151] He added that Corbyn's camp offered a left-wing agenda and successfully became the representative of many British people, as a demand for anti-austerity had been increasing. Therefore, he was not surprised at all that Corbyn became the contender for the leadership contest.[152]

See also

References

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  2. ↑ "Where is Labour's 'Jeremy Corbyn mania' coming from?". BBC News. 13 August 2015.
  3. ↑ "Labour leadership: Gordon Brown says party must be credible". BBC News.
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  13. ↑ Dan Bloom (25 August 2015). "All four Labour leadership candidates rule out legal fight – despite voter count plummeting by 60,000". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 11 September 2015. total of those who can vote now stands at 550,816 ... The total still eligible to vote are now 292,505 full paid-up members, 147,134 supporters affiliated through the unions and 110,827 who've paid a £3 fee.
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  148. ↑ Daniel Marans (12 September 2015). "Bernie Sanders: 'I Am Delighted' By Jeremy Corbyn's Victory". Huffington Post.
  149. 1 2 Labour’s Dead Center, P. Krugman, The Opinion Pages, The New York Times, 14 Sep 2015
  150. ↑ Austerity-hit Europe has democratic deficit, says Nobel winner Amartya SenB. Ginns, The Yorkshire Post, Business News, 11 June 2015
  151. ↑ Jeremy Corbyn is favourite for Labour leadership because party has 'wimped out', says Nobel Prize winner Joseph Stiglitz, M. Segalov, The Independent, News, 27 Jul 2015
  152. ↑ Joseph Stiglitz: unsurprising Jeremy Corbyn is a Labour leadership contender, T. Macalister, The Guardian, Politics, 26 Jul 2015

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