Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016

Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016

February 1 – June 14, 2016

4,766 delegates to the Democratic National Convention 2,384 votes needed to win   Candidate Hillary Clinton Bernie Sanders Home state New York Vermont Estimated delegate count Pledged: 1,704 Unpledged: 498[lower-alpha 1] Total: 2,202 Pledged: 1,414 Unpledged: 41[lower-alpha 1] Total: 1,455 Contests won 25 19 Popular vote 12,560,495[lower-alpha 2][1] 9,446,132[lower-alpha 2][1] Percentage 56.20% 42.26%

First place (popular vote or delegate equivalent)      Hillary Clinton        Bernie Sanders

Previous Democratic nominee Barack Obama Presumptive Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton

The 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses are a series of ongoing electoral contests taking place within all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and five U.S. territories, occurring between February 1 and June 14, 2016. Sanctioned by the Democratic Party, these elections are designed to select the 4,051 delegates to send to the Democratic National Convention, which will select the Democratic Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. An extra 719 unpledged delegates (715 votes) are appointed by the party independently of the primaries' electoral process. The convention will also approve the party's platform and vice-presidential nominee. The Democratic nominee will challenge other presidential candidates in national elections to succeed President Barack Obama on January 20, 2017, following his two terms in office.

A total of six major candidates entered the race starting April 12, 2015, when former Secretary of State and New York Senator Hillary Clinton formally announced her second bid for the presidency. She was followed by Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders, former Governor of Maryland Martin O'Malley, former Governor of Rhode Island Lincoln Chafee, former Virginia Senator Jim Webb, and Harvard Law Professor Lawrence Lessig. There was some speculation that incumbent Vice President Joe Biden would also enter the race, but he chose not to run. A draft movement was started to encourage Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren to seek the presidency, but Warren refused to run. There was also speculation that former Vice President and 2000 nominee Al Gore would be a possible candidate for the Democratic nomination.

Prior to the Iowa caucuses on February 1, 2016, Chafee, Webb, and Lessig withdrew due to low polling numbers. Clinton won Iowa by the closest margin in the history of the caucuses over Sanders, in what would be a rare caucus victory for her. O'Malley suspended his campaign after a distant third-place finish, leaving Clinton and Sanders the only two candidates. The electoral battle turned out to be more competitive than expected, with Sanders winning the New Hampshire primary while Clinton scored victories in the Nevada caucuses and South Carolina primary. On four different Super Tuesdays Clinton secured numerous important wins in large states while Sanders scored various victories in between. In the so-called "Acela Primary" where five Northeastern states voted on April 26, Clinton won four of five contests, completing 80 percent of the primaries and caucuses.^[2]

Candidates

Leading candidates

Candidate		Most recent position	Candidacy	Estimated delegate votes[3]		Contests won[lower-alpha 3]
				Pledged and unpledged[lower-alpha 4] delegates	Path to nomination
Hillary Clinton		67th U.S. Secretary of State (2009–2013)	(Campaign • Positions)	Pledged delegates 1704 / 4051 (42%)	Total delegate votes towards nomination 2202 / 2384 (92%)	25 AL, AR, AS, AZ, CT, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, LA, MA, MD, MO, MP, MS, NC, NV,[lower-alpha 5] NY, OH, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA
				Unpledged delegate endorsements 498 / 715 (70%)	Additional delegate votes needed for nomination 182 / 1108 (16%)
Bernie Sanders		U.S. Senator from Vermont (2007–present)	(Campaign • Positions)	Pledged delegates 1414 / 4051 (35%)	Total delegate votes towards nomination 1455 / 2384 (61%)	19 AK, CO, DA, HI, ID, IN, KS, ME, MI, MN, NE, NH, OK, RI, UT, VT, WA, WI, WY[lower-alpha 6]
				Unpledged delegate endorsements 41 / 715 (6%)	Additional delegate votes needed for nomination 929 / 1108 (84%)

Withdrew during the primaries

Candidate	Born	Most recent position	Announced	Withdrew	Candidacy	Ref
Martin O'Malley	January 18, 1963 (age 53) Washington, D.C.	61st Governor of Maryland (2007–2015)	May 31, 2015	February 1, 2016	(Campaign • Website) FEC Filing	[4][5]

Withdrew before the primaries

Candidate	Born	Most recent position	Announced	Withdrew	Candidacy	Ref
Lincoln Chafee	March 26, 1953 (age 62) Providence, Rhode Island	74th Governor of Rhode Island (2011–2015)	June 3, 2015	October 23, 2015	(Campaign • Website)	[6][7]
Jim Webb	February 9, 1946 (age 69) Saint Joseph, Missouri	U.S. Senator from Virginia (2007–2013)	July 7, 2015	October 20, 2015	(Campaign • Website)	[8][9]
Lawrence Lessig	June 3, 1961 (age 54) Rapid City, South Dakota	Professor at Harvard Law School	September 9, 2015	November 2, 2015	(Campaign • Website)	[10][11]

Other candidates

Further candidates participated in one or more state primaries, without receiving major coverage or substantial vote counts.

Timeline

Background

Hillary Clinton in April 2015

In the weeks following the re-election of President Obama in the 2012 election, media speculation regarding potential candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination in the 2016 presidential election began to circulate. The speculation centered on the prospects of Clinton, then-Secretary of State, making a second presidential bid in the 2016 election. Clinton had previously served as a U.S. Senator for New York (2001–2009) and was the First Lady of the U.S. (1993–2001).^[12][13] A January 2013 Washington Post–ABC News poll indicated that she had high popularity among the American public.^[14][15] This polling data prompted numerous political pundits and observers to anticipate that Clinton would mount a second presidential bid in 2016, entering the race as the early front-runner for the Democratic nomination.^[16]

Within the party's liberal left wing came calls for a more progressive candidate to challenge what was perceived by many within this segment as the party's establishment.^[17] Warren quickly became a highly touted figure within this movement as well as the object of a draft movement to run in the primaries,^[18] despite her repeated denials of interest in doing so.^[17][19] The MoveOn.org campaign 'Run Warren Run' announced that it would disband on June 8, 2015, opting to focus its efforts toward progressive issues.^[20] The draft campaign's New Hampshire staffer Kurt Ehrenberg has joined Sanders' team and most of the remaining staffers are expected to follow suit.^[21]

Given the historical tendency for sitting Vice Presidents to seek the presidency in election cycles in which the incumbent President is not a candidate, there was also considerable speculation regarding a potential presidential run by incumbent Vice President Joe Biden,^[22][23] who had previously campaigned for the Democratic presidential nomination in the election cycles of 1988 and 2008.^[24] This speculation was further fueled by Biden's own expressions of interest in a possible run in 2016.^[24][25] However, on October 21, 2015, speaking from a podium in the Rose Garden with his wife and President Obama by his side, Biden announced his decision not to enter the race for the Democratic presidential nomination in the 2016 election, as he was still dealing with the loss of his son, Beau, who died weeks earlier at the age of 47.^[26][27][28]

Senator Bernie Sanders during a rally, in July 2015

On May 26, 2015, Sanders officially announced his run as a presidential candidate for the Democratic nomination, after an informal announcement on April 30 and speculation since early 2014.^[29][30][31] Sanders has previously served as Mayor of Burlington, Vermont (1981–1989), Vermont's sole U.S. Representative (1991–2007) and Vermont's junior Senator (2007–present).^[32] Bernie Sanders emerged as the biggest rival to Hillary Clinton in the Democratic primaries, backed by a strong grassroots campaign and a social media following.^[33]

In November 2014, Jim Webb, a former U.S. Senator who had once served as the U.S. Secretary of the Navy during the Reagan administration, announced the formation of an exploratory committee in preparation for a possible run for the Democratic presidential nomination.^[34] This made Webb the first major potential candidate to take a formal action toward seeking the party's 2016 nomination.^[34]

Martin O'Malley, former Governor of Maryland as well as a former Mayor of Baltimore, made formal steps toward a campaign for the party's nomination in January 2015 with the hiring and retaining of personnel who had served the previous year as political operatives in Iowa – the first presidential nominating state in the primary elections cycle – as staff for his political action committee (PAC). O'Malley had started the "O’ Say Can You See" PAC in 2012 which had, prior to 2015, functioned primarily as fundraising vehicles for various Democratic candidates, as well as for two 2014 ballot measures in Maryland.^[35] With the 2015 staffing moves, the PAC ostensibly became a vehicle for O'Malley – who had for several months openly contemplated a presidential bid – to lay the groundwork for a potential campaign for the party's presidential nomination.^[36]

In August 2015, Lawrence Lessig unexpectedly announced his intention to enter the race, promising to run if his exploratory committee raised $1 million by Labor Day.^[37][38] After accomplishing this, Lessig formally announced his campaign.^[39] Lessig has described his candidacy as a referendum on campaign finance reform and electoral reform legislation. His campaign is unique for clearly prioritizing a single issue: restoring democracy via The Citizen Equality Act, a proposal that couples campaign finance reform with other laws aimed at curbing gerrymandering and ensuring voting access.^[40][41]

Overview

	Active campaigns
	Ended campaigns
	Iowa Caucuses
	Super Tuesday
	D.C. Primary
	Convention 2016

February 2016: Early primaries

Date	State/territory	Clinton	Sanders
February 1	Iowa	49.9%	49.6%
February 9	New Hampshire	38.0%	60.4%
February 20	Nevada	52.6%	47.3%
February 27	South Carolina	73.5%	26.0%

Despite a late challenge, Hillary Clinton was able to defeat Bernie Sanders in the first-in-the-nation Iowa Caucus by the closest margin in the history of the contest (Clinton collected 700.47 state delegate equivalents to Sanders' 696.92, a difference of one quarter of one percentage point).^[42] The victory, which was projected to award her 23 pledged national convention delegates (two more than Sanders), made Clinton the first woman to win the Caucus, and marked a clear difference from 2008, where she finished in third place behind Barack Obama and John Edwards.^{[43][44][45][46]} Martin O'Malley suspended his campaign after a disappointing third-place finish with only 0.5% of the state delegate equivalents awarded, leaving Clinton and Sanders the only two major candidates in the race.^[47]

A week later, Sanders won the New Hampshire primary, receiving 60.4% of the popular vote to Clinton's 38% and putting him ahead of Clinton in the overall pledged delegate count.^[48][49] Clinton's loss in New Hampshire was a regression from 2008, when she defeated Obama, Edwards, and a handful of other candidates including Joe Biden with 39% of the popular vote.^[50]

Bernie Sanders speaks in Littleton, New Hampshire

Sanders' narrow loss in Iowa and convincing victory in New Hampshire generated speculation about a possible loss for Clinton in Nevada, the next state to hold its caucuses on February 20.^[51][52] For her part, Clinton, who had won the state eight years prior in the 2008 Nevada Democratic caucuses, hoped that a victory would sway away concerns about a possible repetition of 2008, when she ultimately lost to Obama despite entering the primary season as the favorite for the nomination.^[53] Ultimately, Clinton emerged victorious with 52.6% of the county delegates, a margin of victory similar to her performance in 2008.^[54] Sanders, who attained 47.3% of the vote, was projected to receive five fewer pledged delegates than Clinton and the result was not promising for the following weekend's primary in South Carolina, more demographically favorable to Clinton than the prior contests.

On February 27, Clinton won the South Carolina primary with 73.5% of the vote, receiving a larger percentage of the African American vote than Barack Obama had eight years earlier – 90% to Obama's 80%.^[55][55]

March 1, 2016: Super Tuesday

State/territory	Clinton	Sanders
Alabama	77.8%	19.2%
American Samoa	68.4%	25.7%
Arkansas	66.3%	29.7%
Colorado	40.4%	59.0%
Georgia	71.3%	28.2%
Massachusetts	50.1%	48.7%
Minnesota	38.3%	61.7%
Oklahoma	41.5%	51.9%
Tennessee	66.1%	32.4%
Texas	65.2%	33.2%
Vermont	13.6%	86.1%
Virginia	64.3%	35.2%

Hillary Clinton speaks during a rally, in March 2016

The 2016 primary schedule was significantly different than in the last contested Democratic Primary. During that election cycle, many states moved their primaries or caucuses early in the calendar to have greater influence over the race. As February 5, 2012 was the earliest date allowed by the Democratic National Committee, 23 states and territories moved their elections to that date, the biggest Super Tuesday to ever take place. For 2016, the calendar was more disparate than it was in 2008, with several groups of states voting on different dates, the most important being March 1, March 15, April 26 and June 7. The day with the most contests was March 1, 2016, in which primaries or caucuses were held in ten states, including six in the Southern United States. American Samoa was also scheduled to hold their caucus on that day. A total of 865 pledged delegates were at stake.

Clinton secured victories in all of the southern contests except Oklahoma. Her biggest victory of the day came in Alabama, where she won 77.8% of the vote against Sanders' 19.2%, although her most significant delegate prize came from Texas, where she received 65.2% of the vote with strong support from minority voters as well as white voters. Collectively, the southern states gave Clinton a net gain of 165 pledged delegates.^[56] Apart from the South, Clinton was also able to narrowly defeat Sanders in Massachusetts. Clinton also won the caucus in the territory of American Samoa. Sanders scored comfortable wins in the Minnesota and Colorado caucuses and Oklahoma primary and won an 86.1%–13.6% landslide in his home state of Vermont. Although the results overall were unfavorable for Sanders, his four wins and narrow loss allowed him to remain in the race in anticipation of more favorable territory in New England, the Great Plains, Mountain States and the Pacific Northwest.^[57] At the end of the day, Clinton collected 518 pledged delegates to Sanders' 347, taking her lead to roughly 200 pledged delegates.^[58]

Mid-March contests

State/territory	Clinton	Sanders
Florida	64.4%	33.3%
Illinois	50.5%	48.7%
Kansas	32.3%	67.7%
Louisiana	71.1%	23.2%
Maine	35.5%	64.3%
Michigan	48.3%	49.8%
Mississippi	82.6%	16.5%
Missouri	49.6%	49.4%
Nebraska	42.9%	57.1%
North Carolina	54.6%	40.8%
N. Mariana Islands	54.0%	34.4%
Ohio	56.5%	42.7%

Hillary Clinton in March 2016

Sanders found more hospitable ground on the weekend of March 5, winning caucuses in Kansas, Maine and Nebraska by significant margins. Clinton answered with an even larger win in Louisiana's primary, limiting Sanders' gain for the weekend to only four delegates. Clinton would also win the Northern Mariana Islands caucus, held the following weekend on March 12. Two states had held nominating contests on March 8 – Michigan and Mississippi – with Clinton heavily favored to win both.^[59][60] Mississippi went for Clinton, as expected, by a landslide margin. However, Sanders stunned by scoring a narrow win in Michigan.^[61] Analysts floated a number of theories to explain the failure of the Michigan polling, with most centering on pollsters' erroneous assumptions about the composition of the electorate stemming from the 2008 primary in Michigan not having been contested due to an impasse between the state party and DNC.^[62][63][64]

Although Clinton expanded her delegate lead, some journalists suggested Sanders' upset might presage her defeat in other delegate-rich Midwestern states,^[65] such as Missouri, Ohio and Illinois, who voted a week later on March 15, along with North Carolina and Florida, where Clinton was more clearly favored.^[66][67] Clinton was able to sweep all five primaries, extending her pledged delegate lead by around 100 delegates, although Sanders was able to hold Clinton to narrow margins in her birth-state of Illinois and especially Missouri, where Clinton won by a mere 0.2%.^[68] Missouri state law allowed for a possible recount had any of the candidates requested it; however, Sanders forwent the opportunity on the basis that it would not significantly affect the delegate allocation.^[69][70] By the end of the evening, Clinton had expanded her pledged delegate lead to more than 320, several times larger than her greatest deficit in the 2008 primary.^[71]

Late March and early April

State	Clinton	Sanders
Alaska	18.4%	81.6%
Arizona	56.5%	41.1%
Democrats Abroad	30.9%	68.9%
Hawaii	28.4%	71.5%
Idaho	21.2%	78.0%
Utah	20.3%	79.3%
Washington	27.1%	72.7%
Wisconsin	43.1%	56.6%
Wyoming	44.3%	55.7%

Following the March 15 primaries, the race moved to a series of contests more favorable for Sanders. On March 21, the results of the Democrats Abroad primary (held March 1–8) were announced. Sanders was victorious and picked up nine delegates to Clinton's four, closing his delegate deficit by five.^[72] Arizona, Idaho and Utah held primaries on March 22, dubbed "Western Tuesday" by media.^[73] Despite continued efforts by Sanders to close the gap in Arizona after his surprise win in Michigan, Clinton won the primary with 56.3% of the vote.^[74] However, Clinton lost both Idaho and Utah by roughly 60 points, allowing Sanders to close his delegate deficit by 25.^[75][76]

Sanders speaks in Seattle, Washington, March 2016

The next states to vote were Alaska, Hawaii and Washington on March 26.^[77] All three states were considered as favorable for Sanders, and most political analysts expected him to win them all, given the demographics and Sanders' strong performance in previous caucuses.^[78] Sanders finished the day with a net gain of roughly 66 delegates over Clinton. His largest win was in Alaska, where he defeated Clinton by a 64% margin, although the majority of his delegate gain came from the considerably more populous state of Washington, which he won by a 46% margin,^[79] outperforming then-Senator Obama's 2008 results, when he defeated Clinton 68%–31%.^[80]

The Clinton and Sanders campaigns reached an agreement on April 4 for a ninth debate to take place on April 14 (five days before the New York primary) in Brooklyn, New York, which would air on CNN and NY1.^[81] On April 5, Sanders won the Wisconsin primary by 14 points, closing his delegate deficit by 10 more. The Wyoming caucuses were held on April 9, which Sanders won with 55.7% of the state convention delegates choosing him; however, Clinton had a stronger showing than expected, given her demographic disadvantage and that she did not campaign personally in the state. Each candidate was estimated to have earned 7 of Wyoming's 14 pledged delegates.^[82]

Mid to late April

State	Clinton	Sanders
New York	58.0%	42.0%
Connecticut	51.7%	46.5%
Delaware	59.8%	39.2%
Maryland	63.0%	33.3%
Pennsylvania	55.6%	43.6%
Rhode Island	43.3%	55.0%

On April 19, Clinton won New York, the state where she was a senator for eight years, by a margin of 16 points-- 58%-42%. Sanders performed well in Upstate New York and with younger voters, while Clinton continued to perform well among all other age demographics as well as non-whites, performing very well in New York City and winning a majority in all five boroughs. It is projected that Clinton will take 139 delegates and Sanders will take 108.

Five Northeastern states held primaries a week later on April 26. The day was dubbed the "Acela Primary" (after Amtrak's Acela Express train service that connects all five states) or "Super Tuesday III."^[83] Clinton won in the states of Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania and Connecticut, while Sanders won the Rhode Island primary. Clinton won 218 delegates while Sanders won 166.

May contests

State	Clinton	Sanders
Indiana	47.5%	52.5%

On May 3, Sanders pulled off a surprise victory in the Indiana primary, winning over Clinton by a five-point margin despite trailing in the polls leading up to the primary.^[84]

Campaign finance

This is an overview of the money used in the campaign as it is reported to Federal Election Commission (FEC) and released on April 27, 2016. Outside groups are independent expenditure only committees - also called PACs and SuperPACs. Several such groups normally support each candidate, but the numbers in the tablet are a total of all of them. This means that a group of committees can be shown as technically insolvent (shown in red) even though it is not the case of all of them. The Campaign Committee's debt are shown in red if the campaign is technically insolvent. The source of all the numbers is Center for Responsive Politics.^[85] Some spending totals are not available, due to withdrawals before the FEC deadline.

	Campaign committee (as of March 31)				Outside groups (as of April 21)			Total spent	Campaign suspended
	Money raised	Money spent	Cash on hand	Debt	Money raised	Money spent	Cash on hand
Hillary Clinton[86]	$180,158,371	$151,186,999	$28,971,420	$967,006	$76,248,476	$31,746,350	$44,502,125	$182,933,349	Active
Bernie Sanders[87]	$182,182,143	$164,667,159	$17,460,961	$0	$604,465	$677,433	$-72,969	$165,344,592	Active
Martin O'Malley	$6,073,767	$5,965,205	$108,562	$19,423	$1,105,138	$1,298,967	$-193,829	$7,264,172	February 1
Lawrence Lessig	$1,196,753	N/A	N/A	N/A	$0	$0	$0	N/A	November 2
Jim Webb	$764,992	$558,151	$206,842	$0	$27,092	$31,930	$-4,838	$590,081	October 20
Lincoln Chafee	$418,136	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	October 23
Active campaigns highlighted

Process

The Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses are indirect elections in which voters elect delegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention; these delegates in turn directly elect the Democratic Party's presidential nominee. In some states, the party may disregard voters' selection of delegates or selected delegates may vote for any candidate at the state or national convention (non-binding primary or caucus). In other states, state laws and party rules require the party to select delegates according to votes, and delegates must vote for a particular candidate (binding primary or caucus). There are 4,051 pledged delegates and 714 superdelegates in the 2016 cycle.^[88] Under the party's delegate selection rules, the number of pledged delegates allocated to each of the 50 U.S. states and Washington, D.C. is determined using a formula based on three main factors:

1. The proportion of votes each state gave to the Democratic candidate in the last three presidential elections (2004, 2008, and 2012)
2. The number of electoral votes each state has in the United States Electoral College.
3. The stage of the primary season when they hold their contest. States and territories that hold their contests later are given bonus seats.

A candidate must win 2,383 delegates at the national convention, in order to win the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination.^[88] For the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands and for Democrats Abroad, fixed numbers of pledged delegates are allocated. All states and territories then must use a proportional representation system, where their pledged delegates are awarded proportionally to the election results.^[89] A candidate must receive at least 15% of the popular vote to win pledged delegates in a state.

The current 714 unpledged superdelegates (or "soft" delegates) will include members of the United States House of Representatives and Senate, state and territorial governors, members of the Democratic National Committee, and other party leaders. Because of possible deaths, resignations, or the results of intervening or special elections, the final number of these superdelegates may be reduced before the convention.^[89] They have only determined the outcome once in the history of the Democratic party, in 1984.^[90]

The Democratic National Committee has also imposed rules for states wishing to hold early contests in 2016. No state will be permitted to hold a primary or caucus in January and only Iowa, New Hampshire, South Carolina, and Nevada are entitled to February contests. Any state that violates these rules will be penalized half of its pledged delegates and all of its unpledged delegates to the 2016 convention.^[89]

Schedule and results

The following are the results of candidates that have won at least one state. These candidates are on the ballots for every state, territory, and federal district contest. The results of caucuses do not always have attached preference polls and attendance can be extremely limited. The unpledged delegate count may not always reflect the latest declared preferences.

Date	State/territory	Calculated delegates			Type[lower-alpha 7]	Popular vote or equivalent		Estimated delegates[lower-alpha 8]
						Clinton	Sanders	Clinton			Sanders			Available[lower-alpha 9]
		P	U	T				P	U	T	P	U	T	P	U	T
Feb 1	Iowa[91]	44	8	52	c2-sdeSemi-open caucus, SDE	701 (49.9%)	697 (49.6%)	23	7	30	21	0	21	0	1	1
Feb 9	New Hampshire[92]	24	8	32	p3Semi-closed primary	95,324 (38.2%)	152,181 (61.0%)	9	6	15	15	0	15	0	2	2
Feb 20	Nevada[93]	35	8	43	c4-cdClosed caucus, CD	6,316 (52.6%)	5,678 (47.3%)	20[lower-alpha 10]	4	24	15[lower-alpha 10]	1	16	0	3	3
Feb 27	South Carolina[96]	53	6	59	p1Open primary	272,379 (73.4%)	96,498 (26.0%)	39	5	44	14	0	14	0	1	1
Mar 1	Alabama[97]	53	7	60	p1Open primary	309,071 (77.9%)	76,059 (19.2%)	44	4	48	9	0	9	0	3	3
	American Samoa[98]	6	5	11	c4Closed caucus	162 (68.4%)	61 (25.7%)	4	4	8	2	1	3	0	0	0
	Arkansas[99]	32	5	37	p1Open primary	146,057 (66.1%)	66,236 (30.0%)	22	5	27	10	0	10	0	0	0
	Colorado[100]	66	12	78	c4Closed caucus	49,789 (40.3%)	72,846 (59.0%)	25	9	34	41	0	41	0	3	3
	Georgia[101]	102	15	117	p1Open primary	543,008 (71.3%)	214,332 (28.2%)	73	11	84	29	0	29	0	4	4
	Massachusetts[102]	91	24	115	p3Semi-closed primary	603,784 (50.1%)	586,716 (48.7%)	46	16	62	45	1	46	0	7	7
	Minnesota[103]	77	16	93	c1Open caucus	73,510 (38.4%)	118,135 (61.6%)	31	12	43	46	3	49	0	1	1
	Oklahoma[104]	38	4	42	p3Semi-closed primary	139,338 (41.5%)	174,054 (51.9%)	17	1	18	21	1	22	0	2	2
	Tennessee[105]	67	8	75	p1Open primary	245,304 (66.1%)	120,333 (32.4%)	44	5	49	23	0	23	0	3	3
	Texas[106]	222	29	251	p1Open primary	935,080 (65.2%)	475,561 (33.2%)	147	20	167	75	0	75	0	9	9
	Vermont[107]	16	10	26	p1Open primary	18,335 (13.6%)	115,863 (86.1%)	0	3	3	16	6	22	0	1	1
	Virginia[108]	95	14	109	p1Open primary	503,358 (64.3%)	275,507 (35.2%)	62	13	75	33	0	33	0	1	1
Mar 5	Kansas[109]	33	4	37	c4Closed caucus	12,593 (32.3%)	26,450 (67.7%)	10	1	11	23	0	23	0	3	3
	Louisiana[110]	51	8	59	p4Closed primary	221,615 (71.1%)	72,240 (23.2%)	37	7	44	14	0	14	0	1	1
	Nebraska[111]	25	5	30	c4Closed caucus	14,340 (42.9%)	19,120 (57.1%)	10	3	13	15	0	15	0	2	2
Mar 6	Maine[112]	25	5	30	c4-scdClosed caucus, SCD	1,232 (35.5%)	2,231 (64.3%)	9	3	12	16	1	17	0	1	1
Mar 1–8	Democrats Abroad[113]	13	4[lower-alpha 11]	17	p4Closed primary	10,689 (30.9%)	23,779 (68.9%)	4	2	6	9	1	10	0	1	1
Mar 8	Michigan[114][115]	130	17	147	p1Open primary	581,775 (48.3%)	598,943 (49.7%)	63	10	73	67	0	67	0	7	7
	Mississippi[116]	36	5	41	p1Open primary	182,447 (82.6%)	36,348 (16.5%)	32	3	35	4	2	6	0	0	0
Mar 12	Northern Marianas[117]	6	5	11	c4Closed caucus	102 (54.0%)	65 (34.4%)	4	5	9	2	0	2	0	0	0
Mar 15	Florida[118][119]	214	32	246	p4Closed primary	1,101,414 (64.4%)	568,839 (33.3%)	141	23	164	73	2	75	0	7	7
	Illinois[120]	156	26	182	p1Open primary	1,039,555 (50.6%)	999,494 (48.6%)	79	22	101	77	1	78	0	2[lower-alpha 9]	2[lower-alpha 9]
	Missouri[121]	71	13	84	p1Open primary	312,285 (49.6%)	310,711 (49.4%)	36	13	49	35	0	35	0	0	0
	North Carolina[122]	107	14	121	p3Semi-closed primary	622,919 (54.5%)	467,143 (40.9%)	60	8	68	47	1	48	0	5	5
	Ohio[123][124]	143	17	160	p2Semi-open primary	696,681 (56.1%)	535,395 (43.1%)	81	14	95	62	1	63	0	2	2
Mar 22	Arizona[125][126]	75	10	85	p4Closed primary	262,459 (56.3%)	192,962 (41.4%)	42	5	47	33	2	35	0	3	3
	Idaho[127]	23	4	27	c1Open caucus	5,065 (21.2%)	18,640 (78.0%)	5	1	6	18	2	20	0	1	1
	Utah[128]	33	4	37	c2Semi-open caucus	15,666 (20.3%)	61,333 (79.3%)	6	2	8	27	2	29	0	0	0
Mar 26	Alaska[129][130]	16	4	20	c4Closed caucus	2,146 (20.2%)	8,447 (79.6%)	3	1	4	13	1	14	0	2	2
	Hawaii[131]	25	10	35	c3Semi-closed caucus	10,125 (30.0%)	23,530 (69.8%)	8	6	14	17	2	19	0	2	2
	Washington[132]	101	17	118	c1-scdOpen caucus, SCD	7,140 (27.1%)	19,159 (72.7%)	27	10	37	74	0	74	0	7	7
Apr 5	Wisconsin[133]	86	10	96	p1Open primary	432,767 (43.1%)	567,936 (56.6%)	38	6	44	48	1	49	0	3	3
Apr 9	Wyoming[134]	14	4	18	c4-scdClosed caucus, SCD	124 (44.3%)	156 (55.7%)	7	4	11	7	0	7	0	0	0
Apr 19	New York[135][136]	247	44	291	p4Closed primary	1,057,347 (58.0%)	766,023 (42.0%)	139	40	179	108	0	108	0	4	4
Apr 26	Connecticut[137]	55	16	71	p4Closed primary	170,080 (51.8%)	152,415 (46.4%)	28	15	43	27	0	27	0	1	1
	Delaware[138]	21	10	31	p4Closed primary	55,950 (59.8%)	36,659 (39.2%)	12	7	19	9	0	9	0	3	3
	Maryland[139]	95	24	119	p4Closed primary	533,661 (63.0%)	281,705 (33.3%)	61	16	77	34	1	35	0	7	7
	Pennsylvania[140]	189	21	210	p4Closed primary	918,694 (55.6%)	719,960 (43.6%)	106	21	127	83	0	83	0	0	0
	Rhode Island[141][142]	24	9	33	p3Semi-closed primary	52,749 (43.3%)	66,993 (54.7%)	11	9	20	13	0	13	0	0	0
May 3	Indiana[143]	83	9	92	p1Open primary	303,387 (47.5%)	335,261 (52.5%)	39	7	46	44	0	44	0	2	2
May 7	Guam	7	5	12	c4Closed caucus	–	–	–	3	3	–	0	0	7	2	9
May 10	West Virginia	29	8	37	p3Semi-closed primary	–	–	–	4	4	–	1	1	29	3	32
May 17	Kentucky	55	5	60	p4Closed primary	–	–	–	2	2	–	0	0	55	3	58
	Oregon	61	13	74	p4Closed primary	–	–	–	6	6	–	1	1	61	6	67
Jun 4	Virgin Islands	7	5	12	c4Closed caucus[144]	–	–	–	1	1	–	1	1	7	3	10
Jun 5	Puerto Rico	60	7	67	p1Open primary[145]	–	–	–	3	3	–	0	0	60	4	64
Jun 7	California	475	73	548	p3Semi-closed primary	–	–	–	52	52	–	0	0	475	21	496
	Montana	21	6	27	p1Open primary	–	–	–	0	0	–	0	0	21	6	27
	New Jersey	126	16	142	p3Semi-closed primary	–	–	–	9	9	–	2	2	126	5	131
	New Mexico	34	9	43	p4Closed primary	–	–	–	6	6	–	0	0	34	3	37
	North Dakota	18	5	23	c1Open caucus	–	–	–	1	1	–	1	1	18	3	21
	South Dakota	20	5	25	p3Semi-closed primary[146]	–	–	–	1	1	–	0	0	20	4	24
Jun 14	District of Columbia	20	26	46	p4Closed primary	–	–	–	21	21	–	2	2	20	3	23
—	State unknown (vacant positions)	–	2	2	—	–	–	–	0	0	–	0	0	–	2	2
Total		4,051	715	4,766				1,704	498	2,202	1,414	41	1,455	933	175[lower-alpha 9]	1,108[lower-alpha 9]
Date	State/territory	P	U	T	Type	Clinton	Sanders	P	U	T	P	U	T	P	U	T
		Calculated delegates				Popular vote or equivalent		Clinton delegates			Sanders delegates			Available delegates

Superdelegate endorsements

Superdelegates are elected officials and members of the Democratic National Committee who will vote at the Democratic National Convention for their preferred candidate. Also known as unpledged delegates, they comprise 15% of the convention (715 votes out of 4,766) and they may change their preference at any time. The table below reflects current public endorsements of candidates by superdelegates, as detailed and sourced in the full list maintained by Wikipedia editors. Because commonly referenced estimates of superdelegate support, including those by CNN^[147] and the AP,^[148] do not identify individual delegates as supporting a given candidate, their published tallies may differ from the totals computed here.

	Distinguished party leaders	Governors	Senators	Representatives	DNC members	Totals
Hillary Clinton	11	17	39	170	261	498
Bernie Sanders	1	0	2	9	29	41
Martin O'Malley	0	0	0	0	1	1
No endorsement	8	4	6	14	143	175
Totals	20	21	47	193	434	715

Note: Democrats Abroad Superdelegates are assigned half-votes; each of them accounts for ½ rather than 1 in the table above.

Maps

See also

Related Democratic Party articles

• 2016 DNC primary schedule (includes results of the Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016)
• Nationwide opinion polling for the Democratic Party 2016 presidential primaries
• Statewide opinion polling for the Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
• Results of the Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
• Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016
• Democratic Party presidential debates, 2016
• Democratic Party presidential primaries

National conventions

• Constitution Party National Convention#2016 Convention
• 2016 Democratic National Convention
• 2016 Green National Convention
• 2016 Libertarian National Convention
• 2016 Republican National Convention

Presidential primaries

• Green Party presidential primaries, 2016
• Libertarian Party presidential primaries, 2016
• Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016
• Electoral history of the Constitution Party

Notes

1. Count of super delegate votes based on detailed list of endorsements
2. Does not include popular vote totals from Iowa, Maine, Nevada, Washington, or Wyoming
3. According to popular vote or pledged delegate count (not counting super delegates); see below for detail.
4. Detailed list of unpledged delegate endorsements
5. Results at the county-level conventions were more favorable to Sanders than those from precinct caucuses; there is disagreement on the estimated pledged delegate allocation. Nevada's numbers will not be certified until the state convention in May.
6. Pledged delegates split evenly between Sanders and Clinton.
7. Differences between types:
   • Open: Anyone can participate regardless of their registered party affiliation.
   • Semi-open: Anyone can participate except registered Republicans.
   • Semi-closed: Only registered Democrats or undeclared can participate.
   • Closed: Only registered Democrats can participate.
   • SDE: 'Popular vote' tallies the state delegate equivalents.
   • CD: 'Popular vote' tallies the county delegates.
   • SCD: 'Popular vote' tallies the state convention delegates.
8. Pledged delegates are elected with the understanding that they will support a specific candidate.
   Unpledged delegates (superdelegates) are not required to voice support for a specific candidate.
9. One Illinois superdelegate is still committed to O'Malley. Therefore, the total number of available delegates is one less than expected.
10. Following the election of delegates to the state convention at the County Conventions in Nevada on April 2nd, Clinton is expected to be awarded fewer pledged delegates than the 20 initially estimated (18 or 16), whereas Sanders will get more than the estimated 15 (17 or 19)^[94][95].
11. There are 8 unpledged delegates from Democrats Abroad that each cast half a vote at the national convention.

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External links

• Democratic Convention Watch
• Green papers for 2016 primaries, caucuses, and conventions
• Full Transcript: Democratic Presidential Debate October 14, 2015
• One page summary on Daily Kos of candidate differences only (many links to sources)