United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2016

United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2016

This article contains lists of official and potential third party and independent candidates associated with the 2016 United States presidential election.

"Third party" is a term commonly used in the United States in reference to political parties other than the two major parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. An independent candidate is one who runs for office with no formal party affiliation.

Parties with ballot access in states holding 270 or more electoral votes are listed first in this article because 270 electoral votes represent a majority of the 538 electoral votes in the Electoral College. The number of electoral votes for which a party or independent candidate has secured ballot access may increase as those parties or candidates complete their petitions for ballot access, until September 2016 when the last petition deadlines occur.^[1]

Ballot access to 270 or more electoral votes

Green Party

Ballot Access: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Washington D.C., Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, West Virginia, Wisconsin (296 electoral votes)^[2][3]

Declared candidates

The national Green Party of the United States has recognized five candidates, and each of the following candidates has appeared on at least one state or territory's ballot.^[4][5]

Candidate		Most recent position	Campaign	Projected delegates	Delegations with plurality
Jill Stein		Lexington Town Meeting member (2005–2011)	(Campaign • Website)	80 / 402 (20%)	12 AZ, CO, IL, ME, MA, MN, NJ, OH, YGC, TX, VA, WI
Sedinam Curry		People's National Convention organizer	(Website)	5 / 402 (1%)	None (as yet)
William Kreml		Distinguished Professor Emeritus, University of South Carolina	(Website)	5 / 402 (1%)	None (as yet)
Kent Mesplay		Inspector at the Air Pollution Control District of San Diego County (2001–2015)	(Website)	4 / 402 (0%)	None (as yet)
Darryl Cherney		Earth First! organizer (1980–present)	(Website)	2 / 402 (0%)	None (as yet)

Previous

The following individual has been the focus of presidential speculation as an independent candidate in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle, but such speculation has ostensibly ceased for a period of three months or longer.

• Rosa Clemente, activist, journalist, and 2008 Green Party vice presidential nominee from New York^[6]

Libertarian Party

Ballot Access: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming (332 electoral votes)^[7]

Declared candidates

The following candidates are recognized by the Libertarian Party as candidates for the nomination at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention.^[8]

Name	Prior positions	Campaign	Primary votes	Announced candidacy[9]	Notes
Gary Johnson	Governor of New Mexico, 1995–2003 Libertarian Party presidential nominee, 2012	(Campaign • Positions • Website)	2,560	January 6, 2016[10]	On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Nebraska, Oregon and California.
Austin Petersen	Publisher of The Libertarian Republic	(Website)	1,053	October 27, 2015 (filed)	On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Missouri, Nebraska and California.
Marc Allan Feldman	Physician, owner of Openivo, Inc	(website)	304	January 7, 2015 (filed)	On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Missouri, Nebraska and California.
Rhett Smith	Private security officer	(Website)	141	July 29, 2015 (filed)	On the ballot in Minnesota North Carolina, Missouri, Oregon and California.
Darryl W. Perry	Owner and Managing Editor of Free Press Publications	(website)	120		Has not filed with the FEC as a protest, claiming that it lacks constitutional authority. On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Oregon and California.
Derrick Michael Reid	Political analyst, retired engineer	(Website)	71	June 23, 2015	On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina, Oregon and California.
Jack Robinson, Jr.	Businessman, inventor	(Website)	69	September 8, 2015 (filed)	On the ballot in Minnesota, North Carolina and California.
John McAfee	Computer programmer and businessman	(Website)	26	December 24, 2015[11]	Before running as a Libertarian, McAfee had originally announced that he would run as the candidate of a newly created Cyber Party with Ken Rutkowski as his running mate.[12][13] On the ballot in Minnesota, Nebraska, Oregon and California.
Shawna Joy Sterling	Pastor at the Elohim Christian Church	(Website)	1	June 11, 2015 (filed)	On the ballot in Minnesota
Keenan Dunham		(Website)	-	April 4, 2016 (filed)	On the ballot in Oregon
Joey Berry		(website)	-	March 20, 2016 (filed)	Not on any primary ballot
Brian Briggs		(website)	-	April 18, 2016 (filed)	Not on any primary ballot
Thomas Clements		(website)	-	February 5, 2016 (filed)	Not on any primary ballot
Malisia Garcia		(website)	-	October 1, 2015 (filed)	Not on any primary ballot
Kevin McCormick		(Website)	-	March 4, 2016 (filed)	Not on any primary ballot
Heidi Zeman		(Website)	-	March 8, 2016 (filed)	Not on any primary ballot

Other candidates

The following candidates are not recognized by the Libertarian Party as candidates for the nomination at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention.

Name	Prior positions	Campaign	Primary votes	Announced candidacy	Notes
John David Hale			326	September 1, 2015 (filed)	On the ballot in North Carolina and California (Constitutionally ineligible – under age 35)
Tara Indiana	BDSM activist		-	March 22, 2016[14]
Nathan Norman	Entertainer	(Website)	-	January 17, 2015[15]	On the ballot in Oregon. Has not filed with the FEC. Declares himself as a stand-in for Newt Gingrich.[16] (Constitutionally ineligible – under age 35)
Merry Susan Nehls			-		On the ballot in Oregon Has not filed with the FEC.
Vermin Supreme	Performance artist and perennial candidate	(Website)	-	March 1, 2016[17]	Previously seeking the Democratic Party nomination. Not on any primary ballot

Withdrawn

Name	Prior positions	Campaign	Primary votes	Announced candidacy	Withdrew
Steve Kerbel	Businessman and entrepreneur, author	(website)	507	June 8, 2015 (filed)	March 16, 2016'[18]
Joy Waymire	Founder and CEO of a non-profit organization	(Website)	266	March 22, 2015 (filed)	April 13, 2016
Cecil Ince	Owner of Ince Films, Libertarian activist	(website)	208	April 14, 2015	March 17, 2016[19]
Bart Lower		(Website)	-	April 2, 2014 (filed)	March 2016
Robert David Steele	Activist and author		-	June 16, 2015[20][21]	January 5, 2016[21][22]

Publicly expressed interest

As of April 2016, the following potential candidates have, within the past three months, expressed interest in running for the Libertarian presidential nomination.

• 

  Jesse Ventura, Governor of Minnesota 1999-2003^[1][2]

1. ^ Funcheon, Deirdra (2016-03-07). "Jesse Ventura Hints He'll Jump Into Presidential Race". New Times Broward-Palm Beach. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
2. ^ Jesse Ventura's Off the Grid (2016-04-22). "Will Jesse Ventura run for President?". Ora TV. Retrieved 2016-04-30.

Declined

The following person has been the focus of presidential speculation as a Libertarian candidate in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle, but has announced a bid for another party.

• Rand Paul, U.S. Senator from Kentucky since 2011 (has announced his candidacy as a Republican candidate)^[23][24]

Ballot access to fewer than 270, but more than 50 electoral votes

American Independent Party

Ballot Access: California (55 electoral votes)^[25]

Declared candidates

Name	Prior positions	State	Announced candidacy	Notes
Wiley Drake[26]	Minister and radio host American Independent Party vice-presidential nominee, 2008	California	September 8, 2015 (filed)
Arthur Harris[26]		Maryland	15 December 2015 (filed)
James Hedges[26]	Tax Assessor, Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania (2002-2007) Prohibition Party presidential nominee, 2016 Prohibition Party presidential candidate, 2012	Pennsylvania	July 2015 (Prohibition Party)
Tom Hoefling[26]	Political activist America's Party and Constitution Party presidential candidate, 2016 American Independent Party and America's Party presidential nominee, 2012	Iowa	January 2016
J.R. Myers[26]	Counselor, founder of the Alaska Constitution Party Constitution Party presidential candidate, 2016	Alaska	November 26, 2015 (filed)
Robert Ornelas[26]	Doctor American Independent Party vice-presidential nominee, 2012	California	January 2016
Alan Spears[26]	Criminal defense trial attorney	California	February 9, 2015 (filed)

Constitution Party

Ballot Access: Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Wisconsin, Wyoming (136 electoral votes)^[27][28]

Nominee

Name	Prior positions	State	Nominated	Vice presidential nominee
Darrell Castle	Attorney Constitution Party vice presidential nominee, 2008	Tennessee	April 16, 2016[29][30]	Scott N. Bradley of Utah

Previous candidates

Name	Prior positions	State	Announced candidacy	Notes
Scott Copeland[31]	Ordained minister	Texas	May 11, 2015 (filed)	Won Constitution Party's primary in Idaho.[32]
John Diamond		Pennsylvania	[31]
Don Grundmann	Chairman of the Constitution Party of California	California	March 14, 2016[33]
Tom Hoefling	Political activist America's Party and American Independent Party presidential candidate, 2016 American Independent Party and America's Party presidential nominee, 2012	Iowa	February 17, 2016[34]
J.R. Myers[31]	Counselor, founder of the Alaska Constitution Party American Independent Party presidential candidate, 2016	Alaska	November 26, 2015 (filed)

Withdrawn

Name	Prior positions	State	Announced candidacy	Withdrew
Patrick Ockander		Texas	November 26, 2015 (filed)	March 1, 2016

Declined

The following individuals were the focus of presidential speculation as a Constitution Party candidate in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle, but did not enter the race.

• John Hostettler, U.S. Representative from Indiana, 1995-2007^[35][36]
• Steve Stockman, U.S. Representative from Texas, 1995-1997, 2013-2015; candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2014^[37][38]

Peace and Freedom Party

Ballot Access: California, Florida (84 electoral votes)^[39][40]

Declared candidates

Name	Prior positions	State	Announced candidacy	Notes
Lynn Kahn[26]	Doctor of clinical psychology Reform Party presidential candidate, 2016	Maryland	February 9, 2015 (filed)
Gloria La Riva	Newspaper printer and activist Party for Socialism and Liberation presidential nominee, 2008 and 2016	New Mexico	October 2015[41]
Monica Moorehead[26]	Perennial candidate and activist Workers World Party presidential nominee, 2016	New Jersey	February 9, 2016 (filed)

Previous

The following candidate received speculation, which has ceased within the last three months.

• Roseanne Barr, Entertainer and writer from Hawaii^[42]

Reform Party of the United States of America

Ballot Access: Florida, New York (58 electoral votes)^[43]

Declared candidates

Name	Prior positions	State	Announced candidacy	Notes
Ed Chlapowski	Owner/manager at Opportunity Resolution	Texas	[44]
Kenneth Cross[44]	Semi-retired engineer and businessman Reform Party vice-presidential nominee, 2012	Arkansas	April 25, 2014 (filed)
Lynn Kahn[44]	Doctor of clinical psychology Peace and Freedom Party presidential candidate, 2016	Maryland	February 9, 2015 (filed)

Previous

• Jim Webb, U.S. Senator from Virginia 2007–2013^[45]

Ballot access to fewer than 50 electoral votes

America's Party

Ballot Access: Florida (29 electoral votes)

Declared candidate

Name	Prior positions	State	Announced candidacy	Notes
Tom Hoefling	Political activist American Independent Party and Constitution Party presidential candidate, 2016 American Independent Party and America's Party presidential nominee, 2012	Iowa	January 2016[46]

American Freedom Party

Ballot Access: Mississippi (6 electoral votes)^[47]

Nominee

Name	Prior positions	State	Nominated	Vice presidential nominee
Vacant				Tom Bowie of Maryland[48]

Former nominees

• Kenn Gividen, direct marketer and political activist from Indiana, was nominated in March 2015^[49] and withdrew in July 2015.^[50]
• Bob Whitaker, political activist from South Carolina. Originally the running mate to Kenn Gividen, he became the presidential candidate when Gividen withdrew in July 2015.^[50] Whitaker himself withdrew in April 2016.^[51]

Independent American Party

Ballot Access: New Mexico, Oregon, Utah (18 electoral votes)^[47]

Nominee

Name	Prior positions	State	Nominated	Vice presidential nominee
Farley Anderson	Author	Utah	November 7, 2015[52]

Nutrition Party

Ballot Access: Colorado (9 electoral votes)^[53]

Nominee

Name	Prior positions	State	Nominated	Vice presidential nominee
Rod Silva	Restaurateur	New Jersey	October 20, 2015[54]

Party for Socialism and Liberation

Ballot Access: Florida (29 electoral votes)^[55]

Nominee

Name	Prior positions	State	Nominated	Vice presidential nominee
Gloria La Riva	Newspaper printer and activist Peace and Freedom Party presidential candidate, 2016 Party for Socialism and Liberation presidential nominee, 2008	New Mexico	July 2015[56]	Eugene Puryear of Washington, D.C.[56]

Prohibition Party

Ballot Access: Arkansas, Colorado, and Mississippi (21 electoral votes)^[57]

Nominee

Name	Prior positions	State	Announced candidacy	Nominated	Vice-presidential nominee
James Hedges	Tax Assessor, Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania (2002-2007) American Independent Party presidential candidate, 2016 Prohibition Party presidential candidate, 2012	Pennsylvania	July 2015[58]	July 31, 2015[58]	Bill Bayes of Mississippi

Veterans Party of America

Ballot Access: Mississippi (6 electoral votes)^[59]

Nominee

Name	Prior positions	State	Nominated	Vice presidential nominee
Chris Keniston	Reliability Engineer	Texas		Deacon Taylor of Florida

No ballot access

Socialist Equality Party

Nominee

Name	Prior positions	State	Nominated	Vice presidential nominee
Jerry White	Labor editor, World Socialist Web Site Socialist Equality Party presidential nominee, 1996, 2008, and 2012	Michigan	April 22, 2016[60]	Niles Niemuth of Wisconsin (Constitutionally ineligible – under age 35)[61]

Socialist Party USA

Nominee

Name	Prior positions	State	Nominated	Vice presidential nominee
Mimi Soltysik	Former National Co-Chair, Socialist Party USA	California	October 17, 2015[62]	Angela Walker of Wisconsin

Socialist Workers Party

Nominee

Name	Prior positions	State	Nominated	Vice presidential nominee
Alyson Kennedy	Coal miner and political activist	Indiana	February 22, 2016[63]	Osborne Hart

Workers World Party

Nominee

Name	Prior positions	State	Nominated	Vice presidential nominee
Monica Moorehead	Perennial candidate and activist	New Jersey	November 8, 2015[64]	Lamont Lilly[64]

Independent candidates

Declared candidates

Dan Bilzerian	Professional poker player	California	June 2015[65]
Ken Fields	Entrepreneur, environmental advocate	New York	November 2015[66][67]
Zoltan Istvan	Futurist, writer, transhumanist philosopher	California	October 2014[68][69][70]	Founder of the proposed Transhumanist Party
Terry Jones	Pastor for Dove World Outreach Center	Florida	July 2013[71][72]
Merlin Miller	Filmmaker	Tennessee	July 2015[73]
Guy Schwartz	Musician	Texas
Ron White	Comedian and actor		November 2015[74]

Previous

The following individuals have been the focus of presidential speculation as an independent candidate in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle, but such speculation has ostensibly ceased for a period of three months or longer.

• Lawrence Lessig, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School (previously sought Democratic Party presidential nomination) ^[75]
• Jesse Ventura, Governor of Minnesota 1999–2003, Mayor of Brooklyn Park, Minnesota 1991–1995 (has publicly expressed interest in a Libertarian Party candidacy instead)^[76]

Withdrew

• Waka Flocka Flame, rap artist from Georgia^[77]
• John McAfee, anti-virus software businessman (originally declared as third-party candidate under named 'Cyber Party', before seeking Libertarian Party nomination)^[78]
• Ted Williams, voice actor from Ohio^[79]

Declined

Individuals listed in this section have been the focus of media speculation as being possible 2016 presidential candidates but have unequivocally ruled out an independent presidential bid in 2016.

• Michael Bloomberg, Mayor of New York City (2002-2013)^[80]
• Jon Huntsman, Jr., United States Ambassador to China 2009–2011; Governor of Utah 2005–2009; presidential candidate in 2012^[81]
• Dennis Michael Lynch, businessman, documentary film maker and conservative commentator from New York (formed an exploratory committee for a potential bid as an independent before electing to instead explore a potential bid for the Republican nomination)^[82][83]
• Bernie Sanders, U.S. Senator from Vermont since 2007; U.S. Representative from Vermont 1991–2007 (expressed interest in a possible independent presidential bid before declaring his candidacy for the Democratic Party nomination)^[84][85][86]
• Jim Webb, U.S. Senator from Virginia (2007–2013) (campaign)^[87]
• Robby Wells, former Savannah State University head football coach, from North Carolina; Reform Party and Constitution Party presidential candidate in 2012 (initially filed with the FEC as an independent candidate but later amended the filing to run as a Democratic candidate)^[88][89]

See also

• Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016
• Republican Party presidential candidates, 2016
• United States presidential election, 2016 timeline

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External links

• 2016 Presidential Form 2 Filers at the Federal Election Commission (FEC)