List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility: M
Main article: List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility
M
- Macrianus Major the Barracks Emperor, the Emperor of the Army
- Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill the Great, [1]
- Magnus I of Norway the Good
- Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney St. Magnus of Orkney, the Martyr, the Martyr of Orkney, the Saint[2][2]
- Magnus IV of Sweden Smek, the Luxurious
- Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg With the Necklace or Chain, Magnus Torquatus, the Younger
- Magnus III of Norway the Barefoot, the Barelegs, Barfot
- Magnus III of Sweden Barnlock, Barn-lock, Ladulas[3]
- Magnus IV of Norway the Blind
- Magnus VI of Norway the Law-Mender
- Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney the Martyr of Orkney, the Saint[2]
- Magnus I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg the Pious
- Mahon, King of Thomond (1400–1446) the Blind
- Mahmud I Kanbur[4]
- Mahmud II, Ottoman Sultan the Equitable, the Lawgiver[4]
- Malatesta da Verucchio Mastin Vecchio, the Old Mastiff of Verucchio[5][6]
- Malatesta II Malatesta the Ruin of Families[6]
- Malatestino Malatesta the One-Eyed Traitor, dell'Occhio[7]
- Malcolm III of Scotland Long-Neck, the Great Chief, Canmore, Ceann Mor
- Malcolm IV of Scotland the Maiden, [8] the Milk Maiden
- Malcolm of Scotland the Youth
- Manasses IV, Count of Rethel (1262–1272) the Old
- Manfred of Sicily Manfred of Hohenstaufen, Manfred of Swabia
- Manfred von Richthofen the Red Baron, the Red Battle-Flier, the Red Devil, the Ace of Aces, the Bloody Red Baron, the Red Knight, Little Red[9][10][11]
- Manuel de Godoy the Sausage-Maker (Sp. el Charicero),[12] the Prince of Peace [13][14]
- Manuel I Comnenus the Great
- Manuel I of Portugal the Adventurous, the Great, the Fortunate
- Manuel I of Trebizond the Great Captain, the Most Fortunate [15]
- Manuel II of Portugal the Patriot, the Unfortunate, the Scholar, the Missed King
- Marcus Aurelius the Adoptive Emperor, the Phisolopher, the Philosopher-King[16]
- Marcus Claudius Marcellus the Sword of Rome[17]
- Marcus Furius Camillus the Second Founder of Rome
- Margaret I of Denmark the Abbot's Concubine, the Great, the King Without Pants, the King Without Breeches, the Lady-King, the Northern Semiramis, the Semiramis of the North[18][18][19]
- Margaret I, Countess of Flanders Margaret of Alsace
- Margaret II, Countess of Flanders Margaret of Constantinople, the Black
- Margaret III, Countess of Flanders Margaret of Male
- Margaret of Achaea (d.1464), Margravine of Montferrat the Blessed
- Margaret of Anjou the Bitch[20]
- Margaret of Beaumont, Countess of Winchester (1156–1236) Margaret of Harcourt
- Margaret of Burgundy (d.1164) the Great Dauphine
- Saint Margaret of Hungary the Saint
- Margaret of Huntingdon (d.1233) the Scot, wife of Alan Mac Lachlen, King of Galloway
- Margaret of Parma the Madama of Rome[21]
- Margaret of Scotland the Maid of Norway[22]
- Margaret of Sweden Fredkulla, the Peace-Cow, the Peacemaker, daughter of Inge I of Sweden and wife, firstly, of Magnus III of Norway and, secondly, of Niels of Denmark.
- Margaret of Valois Queen Margot
- Margaret Beaufort Lady Margaret
- Margaret Cavendish Mad Madge of Newcastle[23]
- Margaret Douglas the Fair Maid of Galloway, daughter of Archibald Douglas (1390–1439)
- Margaret FitzGerald Little Margaret (Magheen), Mairgread Gerroid, the Countess of Granny, the Great Countess of Ormonde[24][25][26][26][27]
- Margaret, Countess of Tyrol Kriemhild, Maultasch, Medusa, Mouthpoke, Pocket-mouth, Satchel-mouth, the Big Mouth, the Mouth Bag, the Pocket-Mouthed, the She-Wolf of the Tyrol, the Ugly Duchess, With the Pouch Mouth[28][29][30][31] [28]
- Margaret O'Carroll the Hospitable[32]
- Margaret Thatcher Attila the Hen, She Who Must be Obeyed, TBW (That Bloody Woman), Tina, the Great She-Elephant, the Iron Lady, the Iron Maiden, the la Passionara of Privilege, the Milk Snatcher,[33][34][35]
- Marguerite de Navarre the First Modern Woman, the Maecenas to the Learned Ones of Her Brother's Kingdom, the Mother of the French Reformation, the Mother of the French Renaissance, the Pearl of Pearls[36]
- Marguerite of France (born 1282) the Pearl of France
- Maria II of Portugal "The Educator"
- Maria of Antioch the Empress
- Marie Antoinette l'Autrichienne, Madame Deficit,[37] Madame Veto, the Austrian Whore,[37] the Baker's Wife[38]
- Marie Louise of Savoy la Niña
- Marie Luise of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), wife of John William Friso, Prince of Orange, Marijke Meu[39]
- Marie Touchet Je Charme Tout (I Charm All)
- Maria of Georgia of Alania, the Alan[40]
- Maria of Montferrat the Marchioness, la Marquise
- Maria Adelaide of Bragança the Red Infanta[41]
- Mary Adelaide of Cambridge Fat Mary
- Maria Amalia of Saxony la Rijosa
- Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies the Saint
- Maria Christina of Austria the Good Regent
- Maria Christina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies la Zalamera
- Maria Isabel of Portugal the Ugly
- Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony la Inapetente, queen of Ferdinand VII of Spain
- Maria Lopez de Gurrea, Lady of Gurrea (1487–1550) 'the Rich Lady, la Rica Hembra
- Maria Louisa of Parma the Witch (Sp. la Bruja)
- Maria Luisa of Savoy the Child
- Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia the Little Pair (with sister Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia)
- Maria Sofia of Bavaria the Angel of Gaeta, the Heroine of Gaeta, the Modern Joan of Arc, the Stern Little Bavarian Eagle, the Soldier-Queen on the Ramparts of Gaeta[42][42][42][43]
- Maria Theresa of Austria the Enlightened Despot, the Imperial Egg-layer, the Only Man of the Habsburg Dynasty,[44] the Mother of Germany,[45] the Mother of the People[46]
- Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo the Virtuous, queen of Amadeo I of Spain
- Marie of Edinburgh Angel Without Wings,[47] Our Angel Queen,[47] the Diplomat of the Balkans,[47] the Mother-in-Law of the Balkans[48]
- Marie Adélaïde, Madame Quatrième
- Marie Anne de Bourbon, Duchess of Vendôme the Doll of the Blood, the Little Black Beetle, the Royal Doll, wife of Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme[49]
- Marie Antoinette Widow Capet
- Marie-Antoinette-Rosalie Pauline, Duchess of Bauffremont Talleyrand's Goose[50]
- Marie-José of Belgium the May Queen[51]
- Marie Thérèse de Bourbon the Doll of the Blood, the Little Black Beetle the Royal Doll, wife of François Louis, Prince of Conti[49] Louis III, Prince of Condé
- Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte of France Madame Royale, the Dark Countess the Modern Antigone,[52] the Orphan of the Temple[52][53][53]
- Marie de la Tour d'Auvergne (1600-1665) the Queen of Protestants [54]
- Prince Marko Kraljevic
- Mary I of England Bloody Mary, the Bloody, the Catholic
- Mary I of Portugal, the Mad, the Pious
- Mary, Queen of Scots the White Queen [55]
- Mary II of England the Modern Tullia[56]
- Mary II of Portugal the Good Mother
- Mary, Crown Princess of Denmark the Princess on the Run
- Mary, Lady Cholmondeley the Bold Lady of Cheshire[55]
- Mary of Burgundy the Rich
- Mary of Modena Madame East, the Queen of Tears
- Mary Boleyn My English Mare
- Mary Fleming the Flame, la Flamina [57]
- Mary Livingston Lusty[57]
- Lady Mary Wortley Montagu the Female Maecenas[58]
- Märta Erikdotter Leijonhufvud King Martha[59]
- Martin of Aragon the Elder, the Ecclesiastic, the Humane[60]
- Martin I of Sicily the Younger
- Martin della Torre, Lord della Torre (1110–1147) the Great
- Masgwid Gloff, King of Elmet the Lame
- Mathieu III, Lord of Montmorency (d.1270) the Premier Christian Baron
- Matteo I of Milan the Great[61]
- Mathieu IV, Lord of Montmorency (1270–1304) the Great
- Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine the Debonair
- Matthias Corvinus of Hungary the King of the Peasants, the Just, the Peasants' King, the Philosopher-King[62][63]
- Matthias Gallas the Destroyer of Armies[64]
- Matthias Corvinus of Hungary the Sleeper, the Sleeping Hero, the Sleeping King[62][65][66]
- Mathghamhain of Maonmhagh, King of Thomond, 1360-1369[67]
- Matilda II, Countess of Boulogne Matilda of Boulogne
- Matilda of Scotland Matilda of Blessed Memory, the Atheling, the Good Queen
- Matilda of Tuscany Matilda of Canossa, the Great Countess, la Gran Contessa, the Faithful Handmaid of St. Peter [68][69]
- Matilda the Saint[70]
- Matilda Fitzwalter Maid Marion, the Fair[71]>
- Matteo Rosso Orsini, Lord of Vicovaro the Black
- Mathieu II, Lord of Montmorency (1189–1230) the Great Constable
- Matthew O'Neill the Dark Man
- Matthias Corvinus the Renaissance King[62]
- Maud de St. Valery Moll Walbee, Matilda of Hay, the Lady of la Haie, the Lady of Hay[72][73]
- Mauregato of Asturias the Usurper
- Maurice FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Desmond Bellicosus, Vehiculus [74][75][76]
- Maurice FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Desmond the Great[76]
- Maurice FitzGerald de Windsor the Invader of Ireland[77]
- Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria the Great
- Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor the Last Knight, the Last of the Knights[78][79]
- Maximilian II of Bavaria the Pacific
- Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) the Enlightened
- Maurice, comte de Saxe Maréchal de Saxe
- Maurice, Viscount Fermoy the Mad
- Maurice de Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley the Generous, the Liberal, the Magnanimous[80]
- Maurice de Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley the Brave[80]
- Maurice Fitz Harding the Make Peace[81]
- Maurice de Berkeley, Lord of Berkeley the Resolute[82]
- Maurice Fitzgerald, Lord of Kilmore the White Knight
- Maurice FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Desmond the Lame[75][77]
- Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Baron of Offaly (1232–1257) the Friar
- Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) the Learned[83][84] the Learned
- Maurice FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Desmond the Warlike[74][75]
- Maurice of Savoy the Cardinal[85]
- Maurice, Elector of Saxony the Judas of Meissen[86] Image:Maurice de saxe.jpg
- Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor Theuerdank, the Penniless the Penniless Maximilian, the Second Founder of the House of Habsburg[16][55][87]
- Maximilian I of Bavaria Father Max
- Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria the Blue King, the Blue Prince-Elector, the Generous, the Liberal, the Magnanimous
- Maximinus Thrax the Barracks Emperor, the Emperor of the Army, the Thracian, Thrax
- Mécia Lopes de Haro a Rainha Maldita
- Mehmed I the Helpful,[88] the Young Master, the Bower, the Master, the Gentleman, the Wrestler, the Champion Wrestler (Tur. Guresci, Pehlivan), the Executioner[4][89]
- Mehmed II the Lawgiver, the Fighter, the Terror of Christendom, the Romaic Caesar, the Rule, the Leader, the Great Turk,[90] the Father of the Conquest (Tur. Ebu'l Feth):[4]
- Mehmed III the Warrior of the Faith, the Equitable, Egri Fatihi (Tur), Adni[88]
- Mehmed IV the Younger[4][91]
- Mehmed V Resat, Reşat, Reşad
- Mehmed VI, Ottoman Sultan Vahdettin, Vahideddin
- Meinhard II, Count of Gorizia (1160–1231) the Old
- Meinwerk, Bishop of Paderborn the Bishop-Builder, the Second Founder of Paderborn[92][93]
- Meirchion Gul, King of Rheged "The Lean"
- Mercedes of Orléans la Reina de Copla
- Merfyn Frych, King of Gwynedd the Freckled
- Metternich Europe's Coachman
- Michael I, Byzantine Emperor Rangabe, Rhangabes, le Curopalate Rangabe, Rhangabes
- Miguel I of Portugal the Absolute King, the Absolutist, the Traditionalist
- Michael I of Romania the Boy King[94]
- Michael II, Byzantine Emperor Psellus, Taulos, the Amorian, the Stammerer, Psellus
- Michael II, Prince of Beloozero (1432–1486) the Old, the Elder, Vereiskiy
- Michael III the Drunk, the Drunkard, the Phrygian
- Mikhail III of Tver (1461–1485) the Exile
- Michael IV, Byzantine Emperor the Paphlagonian
- Michael V Kalaphates, Byzantine Emperor the Caulker, Calaphates
- Michael V, Count of Harnes the Knight-Troubadour[95]
- Michael VI Bringas, Stratioticus, the General, the Warlike
- Michael VII Doukas, Byzantine Emperor Parapinaces (Minus a Quarter, Quarter Short):
- Mikhail, Grand Prince of Vladimir (1248), the Bold
- Michael of Chernigov the Saint
- Michael of Croy (d.1516), Lord of Sempy a la Grande Barbe
- Michael Frederick Czartoryski the Prince Chancellor[96]
- Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki le Singe[97]
- Michał Kazimierz "Rybeńko" Radziwiłł Rybenko, the Sweetheart[98]
- Michel Ney the Bravest of the Brave, the Brave Man of the Brave Men, the Untiring One, the Red, le Héros de la Retraite, the French Achilles, the Red Lion, the Ruddy[99][99][100][101]
- Mieszko I of Poland Amicus Imperatoris [102]
- Mieszko II Lambert the Indolent
- Mieszko III the Old, Duke of Poland (1173-1177) the Elder
- Mieszko I Tanglefoot
- Miguel I of Portugal the Usurper
- Mihnea III, Prince of Wallachia (1658–1659) Gioan Bey
- Mihnea Turcitul the Apostate, the Turkified, the Turk, the Turned-Turk
- Mihnea cel Rau the Bad
- Mikhail, Prince Gorbaty-Shuiski Lapa[103]
- Mikhail, Prince Gorbaty-Shuiski (d.c1535) Kisloy[103]
- Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov the Old Fox[104][105]
- Mikhail Ivanovich Bulgakov (d.1554) the Iron Glove, Russian boyar
- Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł the Little Orphan, the Orphan[106]
- Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł the Red, the Sixth[98]
- Mikhail Yaroslavich the Saint
- Mikalojus Radvila the Old Methuseleh, Mathusalem[107]
- Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł[98]
- Milo I of Montlhéry the Elder, the Great
- Milo II of Montlhéry the Big, the Younger[108]
- Milo, Baron of Venoix the Marshal
- Mircea I of Wallachia the Elder
- Mircea II of Wallachia the Younger [109]
- Mircea IV, Prince of Wallachia the Shepherd
- Mircea I of Wallachia the Great, the Old
- Mirian III of Iberia the Saint
- Miro I of Cerdanya the Old
- Miro I, Count of Roussillon (878–896) the Elder
- Miro II, Count of Besalu (965–984) Bonfill
- Miro II, Count of Cerdanya (897–927) the Younger
- Miron II, Count of Besalú and Cerdanya (885–927) the Younger
- Mleh, Prince of Armenia the Usurper
- Mohammed I ibn Nasr al-Ghalib
- Mohammed II (d.1095), Emir of Cordoba al-Mutamid
- Muhammed II al-Faqih al-Faqih
- Muhammed III, Sultan of Granada al-Makhlu
- Muhammed V of Granada al-Ghani
- Muhammed VI, Sultan of Granada the Brown, el Bermejo
- Muhammed VII, Sultan of Granada al-Mustain
- Muhammed VIII, Sultan of Granada al-Mutamassik, the Little, the Small,[110] the Left-Handed
- Muhammed IX, Sultan of Granada as-Saghir, the Cunning, the Left-Handed[110]
- Muhammed X, Sultan of Granada al-Ahnaf, the Lame[110]
- Muhammed XI, Sultan of Granada the Tiny, the Little, the Small[110]
- Muhammad XII of Granada el chico, the little, or el zogoybi, the unfortunate
- Muhammed XIII, Sultan of Granada el Zagal
- Mohammed I ibn Nasr the Red
- Morayma the Suffering Wife of Boabdil, Tender Morayma wife of Boabdil[111]
- Mstislav I of Galicia (d.1228) the Fortunate
- Mstislav I, Prince of Volhynia (1099) the Younger
- Mstislav III of Kiev the Old
- Mstislav III, Prince of Smolensk (1175–1176) the Brave
- Mstislav IV, Prince of Novgorod (1179–1180) Bezokiy
- Mstislav, Prince of Lutsk the Mute[112]
- Mstislav of Kiev the Great
- Mstislav, Prince of Peresopnik (d.1226) Nyemiy
- Mstislav Mstislavich, Grand Prince of Novgorod (1208–1218) the Successful
- Mstislav Volodimirovich, 1st Prince of Tmutarakan (d.1034/36) the Brave, the Fair
- Mstislav Mstislavich Udaloy, the Daring[112]
- Muhammad ben Abd Allah of Badajoz al-Muzzafar[113]
- Muhammad Ibn Abbad Al Mutamid the Poet-King[114]
- Muhammad ibn-Sa'd, Ibn-Mardanîsh, King of Murcia the Wolf-King[110][115][116]
- Muircheartach, King of Ailech, 938–943 Muircheartach of the Leather Cloaks (na Cochasll Craicenn), the Hector of the Western World
- Muirchertach O'Brien Dall, son of Donald O'Brien (d.1194), King of Thomond
- Muirchertach O'Neill, King of Ulster Muirchertach of Moylinny
- Muireadhach II, Earl of Menteith the Younger
- Munio Nuñez of Castile He of Brasera", "He of Branosera (Sp. El de Brasera, El de Branosera)[117]
- Murad I the Fighter, the God-like One (Hudavendigar), the Leader, the Martyr, the Rule[4][36]
- Murad II, Ottoman Sultan Muradi[88]
- Murad IV Muradi, the Always Successful Sultan, the Conqueror of Baghdad (Tur. Fatih-i Bagdat), the Cruel, the Fighter[4][88]
- Murdoch MacCoinneach, 5th Lord of Kintail (1340–1375) Murdoch of the Cave
- Murdoch MacCoinneach, 6th Lord of Kintail (1370–1416) Murdoch of the Bridge
- Murhcad II, King of Thomond (1539) Carrach[67]
- Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin Murrough of the Burnings, the Incendiary [118][119]
- Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond the Tanist
- Mussius Aemilianus the Barracks Emperor, the Emperor of the Army
- Mustafa I, Ottoman Sultan the Fake, the Mad[4]
- Mustafa II, Ottoman Sultan Ikbali[88]
- Muzio Attendolo Sforza (Force)
- Mzechabuk of Samtskhe, the Great
Notes
- ↑ "Medieval: Total War XL - Page 35". Forums.totalwar.org. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 3 "Saint Magnus of Orkney". Orkneyjar. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "The Mediaeval State - The Folkung Dynasty". Oldandsold.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Ottoman Web Site - Miscellaneous - FORSNET". Osmanli700.gen.tr. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri - IndexIJLM". Tonykline.co.uk. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 "Montefiore Conca | I Borghi più belli d'Italia". Borghitalia.it. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri - IndexIJLM". Tonykline.co.uk. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "CHAPTER 26". Reformation.org. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Home".
- ↑ "The Kaiser's Hero: Manfred von Richthofen". Members.tripod.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Trenches on the Web - Bio: Baron Manfred von Richthofen". Worldwar1.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Art: The Sad-Eyed Countess". Time. 25 July 1960. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ↑ "Manuel Godoy : Prince of Peace : Maria-Louisa of Parma : Spanish Queen : King Charles IV : Spanish King : French Revolution : Napoleonic Wars". Napoleonguide.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ Karl Marx. "Revolutionary Spain by Karl Marx". Marxists.org. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ authorName (2005-07-09). "The Empire of Trebizond Part 1". Ancientworlds.net. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 "Free Online Literature and Study Guides". Bibliomania. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ http://www.lbdb.com/TMDisplayLeader.cfm?PID=5579
- 1 2 "Union Of Denmark, Sweden, And Norway". History-world.org. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ http://www.b17.com/family/lwp/chronology/1301_1400.html
- ↑ "The Richard III and Yorkist History Server". R3.org. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ http://www.senato.it/english/institution/28069/28071/genpagina.htm
- ↑ "Margaret, Maid of Norway Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland". Undiscoveredscotland.co.uk. 2007-03-08. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "William Cavendish - Marquis of Newcastle". williamcavendish.co.uk.
- ↑ "Access Denied". iol.ie. Archived from the original on 2 February 2007.
- ↑ "County Kilkenny - A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland". Rootsweb.com. 2002-11-17. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 "The Geraldines: The House of Desmond and the House of Kildare". Libraryireland.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "A Compendium of Irish Biography - Letter O (3)". Booksulster.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 "Chapter Xi. - Bayarian Kurfursts In Brandenburg". Globusz.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Margarete Maultasch, Gräfin von Tirol". Aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at. 2001-07-31. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Margaret Maultasch".
- ↑ "Google Translate". Translate.google.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "A Compendium of Irish Biography - Letter O (1)". Booksulster.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ http://www.newstatesman.com/200005080049
- ↑ http://www.maidenfans.com/imc/?url=album01_ironmaiden/margaretthatcher&lang=eng&link=albums
- ↑ "With all due respect... | Politics". London: The Guardian. 5 October 2001. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 "Ottoman Empire History Encyclopedia - Letter M | Learn Ottoman Turkish History | Pictures | Sound files | Voice recordings". Practicalturkish.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 "Antoinette, Marie". Hyperhistory.net. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and the Drama, Vol. 1". Manybooks.net. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ The Princes of Orange: The Stadholders in the Dutch Republic - Herbert H. Rowen - Google Books. Books.google.ca. 1990-09-20. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Roman Emperors DIR Mary of Alania". Roman-emperors.org. 2006-07-11. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Latest posts of: José". Forum.alexanderpalace.org. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 3 http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~jmatthew/naples/blog25.htm
- ↑ jeff matthews (1925-01-20). "Around Naples". napoli.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "www.hungarian-history.hu".
- ↑ "Maria Theresa". Oldandsold.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "www.voyageurtours.com". voyageurtours.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 3 "Queen Marie of Romania / Regal Authoress / Time Magazine August 4, 1924". Tkinter.org. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Queen Marie of Romania@Everything2.com". Everything2.com. 2003-05-05. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 http://conde.ifrance.com/part1.htm#hj
- ↑ "Talleyrand Prince of Diplomats". Talleyrand.be. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "King Umberto II (1904-1983) and Queen Marie-José (1906-2001)". The Royal Forums. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 "Free Online Literature and Study Guides". Bibliomania. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 "Madame Royale Historical Society". Madame-royale.de. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ http://www.siefar.org/DictionnaireSIEFAR/SFLatourM.html
- 1 2 3 "Free Online Literature and Study Guides". Bibliomania. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Atlantic Monthly, Vol. XI., February, 1863, No. LXIV. by Various - Full Text Archive (Part 1/5 Para 31)". FullTextArchive.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 "The Four Marys". Nwlink.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ Sobriquets and Nicknames
- ↑ "Reformation And Reaction - The Sons Of Gustavus I". Oldandsold.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Martin I of Catalonia-Aragon". Grec.net. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Genealogie Mittelalter". genealogie-mittelalter.de. Archived from the original on 9 July 2005.
- 1 2 3 "www.hungarian-history.hu".
- ↑ "www.hungarian-history.hu".
- ↑ "The Thirty Year War". Members.tripod.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "King Matthias Corvinus". Angelfire.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ Hewitt, Cameron. "Rick Steves' Europe: Mátyás Corvinus: The Last Hungarian King". Ricksteves.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 http://www.hostkingdom.net/irel.html#Munster
- ↑
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Matilda of Canossa". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. - ↑ http://www.matildedicanossa.it/eng/matilde.htm
- ↑ "The Electronic Text Center". virginia.edu.
- ↑ http://www.magnacharta.org/Barons/baron_robert_fitzwalter.htm
- ↑ http://freespace.virgin.net/doug.thompson/BraoseWeb/MaudSV.htm
- ↑ "Berkshire History: Biographies: Matilda De St. Valery (c.1150-1210)". berkshirehistory.com.
- 1 2 http://members.aol.com/desmondearls/maur10.htm
- 1 2 3 "FITZGERALD of Desmond". Tudorplace.com.ar. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 "A Compendium of Irish Biography - Letter D". Booksulster.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 "The Leading Carson Johnson Site on the Net". carsonjohnson.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "The Early Habsburgs". Freiburg-madison.de. 2011-11-25. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ Sobriquets and Nicknames
- 1 2 "Vol II File 6: The Paternal Ancestry of Homer Beers James". Homepages.rootsweb.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Thomas "The Observer Or Temporiser" De Berkeley (1170-1243)". Mathematical.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "File 9: Ancestors of Paul Bailey MCBRIDE". Homepages.rootsweb.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Illuminati Conspiracy Part One: A Precise Exegesis on the Available Evidence". Conspiracyarchive.com. 2005-08-05. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Ron Heisler - The Forgotten English Roots of Rosicrucianism". Levity.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "La Maison de Savoie". Sabaudia.org. Archived from the original on 27 April 2012. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "The Reformation". Freiburg-madison.de. 2011-11-25. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑
- 1 2 3 4 5 "The Ottoman Web Site - FORSNET". Osmanli700.gen.tr. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Ottoman Empire History Encyclopedia - Letter O | Learn Ottoman Turkish History | Pictures | Sound files | Voice recordings". Practicalturkish.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "National Gallery of Art - Artistic Exchange: Europe and the Islamic World". Nga.gov. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "LookLex Encyclopaedia". I-cias.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "saintpatrickdc.org". saintpatrickdc.org. 1954-06-05. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Blessed Meinwerk". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Newadvent.org. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ Monday, Nov. 27, 1933 (1933-11-27). "RUMANIA: Dynasty Restored". TIME. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ http://members.aol.com/mikesclark/genealogy/counts.html#name
- ↑ "Chapter Vii". Uni-mannheim.de. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ http://www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk/www/ElectedMonarchy.html
- 1 2 3 http://www.szlachta.org/2radziwill.htm
- 1 2 http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_militaires/1789-1815/Terre/Marechaux/N.htm
- ↑ "Adversaries". Wellington15.tripod.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Ney Michel , duke of Elchingen, prince of Moskowa, Marshal (1804)". Ameliefr.club.fr. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Mieszko I and Boleslaw Chrobry: The Origins of the Polish State". Info-poland.buffalo.edu. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 Marek, Miroslav (2004-01-14). "Rurikids 13". Genealogy.euweb.cz. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Russian Army : Russische Armee : L'armée russe : Officers : Discipline : Strength". Napoleonistyka.atspace.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "The State Hermitage Museum: Exhibitions". Hermitagemuseum.org. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Radziwill Portraits". Radziwill.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Courtly Lives - The Radziwill Dynasty - 1". Angelfire.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "The Montlhery Castle (Essonne - France)". Montlhery.com. 1914-05-07. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions". Answers.com.
- 1 2 3 4 5 http://www.hostkingdom.net/taifa.html
- ↑ "Alquería de Morayma. Who was Morayma" (in Spanish). Alqueriamorayma.com. Retrieved July 2012.
- 1 2 Cawley, Charles (7 December 2010), Russia Rurikid, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, retrieved July 2012,
- ↑ "3.2 1 Fase de los Reinos Taifas". Personales.ya.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ "The Poet-King of Seville". Saudi Aramco World. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ http://www.alyamiah.com/cema/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=249
- ↑ Charles Julian Bishko. "Spanish and Portuguese Reconquest". Libro.uca.edu. Retrieved July 2012.
- ↑ Cawley, Charles (13 February 2012), Castile, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, retrieved July 2012,
- ↑ Irish Connections
- ↑ A Compendium of Irish Biography: Comprising Sketches of Distinguished Irishmen, Eminent Persons Connected with Ireland by Office or by their Writings
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