List of state leaders in the 5th century BC

State leaders in the 6th century BC – State leaders in the 4th century BC – State leaders by year

This is a list of state leaders in the 5th century BC (500–401 BC).

Africa

Carthage

• Carthage (complete list) –

Didonian

• Dido, Queen (814–c.760 BC)
• Hanno I, King (c.580–c.556 BC)
• Malchus, King (c.556–c.550 BC)

Magonids

• Mago I, King (c.550–c.530 BC)
• Hasdrubal I, King (c.530–c.510 BC)
• Hamilcar I, King (c.510–480 BC)
• Hanno II, King (480–440 BC)
• Himilco I, King ((in Sicily) 460–410 BC)
• Hannibal I, King (440–406 BC)
• Himilco II, King (406–396 BC)

Cyrene

• Cyrene (complete list) –

• Battus I, King (630–600 BC)
• Arcesilaus I, King (600–583 BC)
• Battus II, King (583–560 BC)
• Arcesilaus II, King (560–550 BC)
• Battus III, King (550–530 BC)
• Arcesilaus III, King (530–515 BC)
• Battus IV, King (515–465 BC)
• Arcesilaus IV, King (465–440 BC)

Egypt: Third Intermediate Period

• Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt (complete list) –

• Smendes, Pharaoh (1077–1051 BC)
• Amenemnisu, Pharaoh (1051–1047 BC)
• Psusennes I, Pharaoh (1047–1001 BC)
• Amenemope, Pharaoh (1001–992 BC)
• Osorkon the Elder, Pharaoh (992–986 BC)
• Siamun, Pharaoh (986–967 BC)
• Psusennes II, Pharaoh (967–943 BC)

• Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt (complete list) –

• Shoshenq I, Pharaoh (943–922 BC)
• Osorkon I, Pharaoh (922–887 BC)
• Shoshenq II, Pharaoh (887–885 BC)
• Takelot I, Pharaoh (885–872 BC)
• Osorkon II, Pharaoh (872–837 BC)
• Shoshenq III, Pharaoh (837–798 BC)
• Shoshenq IV, Pharaoh (798–785 BC)
• Pami, Pharaoh (785–778 BC)
• Shoshenq V, Pharaoh (778–740 BC)
• Pedubast II, Pharaoh (740–730 BC)
• Osorkon IV, Pharaoh (730–716 BC)

• Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt (complete list) –

• Harsiese A, Pharaoh (880–860 BC)
• Takelot II, Pharaoh (840–815 BC)
• Pedubast I, Pharaoh (829–804 BC)
• Iuput I, Pharaoh (829–804 BC)
• Shoshenq VI, Pharaoh (804–798 BC)
• Osorkon III, Pharaoh (798–769 BC)
• Takelot III, Pharaoh (774–759 BC)
• Rudamun, Pharaoh (759–755 BC)
• Ini, Pharaoh (755–750 BC)
• Peftjauawybast, Pharaoh (754–720 BC)

• Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt (complete list) –

• Tefnakhte I, Pharaoh (732–725 BC)
• Bakenranef, Pharaoh (725–720 BC)

• Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt (complete list) –

• Kashta, Pharaoh (c.760–c.752 BC)
• Piye, Pharaoh (c.752–721 BC)
• Shabaka, Pharaoh (721–707 BC)
• Shebitku, Pharaoh (707–690 BC)
• Taharqa, Pharaoh (690–664 BC)
• Tantamani, Pharaoh (664–656 BC)

Egypt: Late Period

• Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt (complete list) –

• Psamtik I, Pharaoh (664–610 BC)
• Necho II, Pharaoh (610–595 BC)
• Psamtik II, Pharaoh (595–589 BC)
• Apries, Pharaoh (589–570 BC)
• Amasis II, Pharaoh (570–526 BC)
• Psamtik III, Pharaoh (526–525 BC)

• Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt (complete list) –

• Amyrtaeus, Pharaoh (404–398 BC)

Kush

• Kush (complete list) –

• Alara, King (c.795–752 BC)
• Kashta, King (c.765–752 BC)
• Piye, Pharaoh (752–721 BC)
• Shabaka, Pharaoh (721–707/706 BC)
• Shebitku, Pharaoh (707/706–690 BC)
• Taharqa, Pharaoh (690–664 BC)
• Tantamani, Pharaoh (664–653 BC)
• Atlanersa, King (653–640 BC)
• Senkamanisken , King (640–620 BC)
• Anlamani, King (620–600 BC)
• Aspelta, King (600–580 BC)
• Aramatle-qo, King (568–555 BC)
• Malonaqen, King (555–542 BC)
• Analmaye, King (542–538 BC)
• Amaninatakilebte, King (538–519 BC)
• Karkamani, King (519–510 BC)
• Amaniastabarqa, King (510–487 BC)
• Siaspiqa, King (487–468 BC))
• Nasakhma, King (468–463 BC)
• Malewiebamani, King (463–435 BC)
• Talakhamani, King (435–431 BC)
• Amanineteyerike, King (431–405 BC)
• Baskakeren, King (405–404 BC)
• Harsiotef, King (404–369 BC)

Asia: West

• Kingdom of Armenia (complete list) –

• Orontes I Sakavakyats, King (570–560 BC)
• Tigranes Orontid, King (560–535 BC)
• Vahagn Orontid, King (6th century BC)
• Hidarnes I, King (late 6th century BC)
• Hidarnes II, King (early 5th century BC)
• Hidarnes III, King (mid 5th century BC)
• Artasyrus, King (5th century BC)
• Orontes I, Satrap (401–344 BC)

• Bosporan Kingdom:Spartocids dynasty (complete list) –

• Spartocus I, King (438–433 BC)
• Satyrus I, King (433–389 BC)
• Seleucus, King (433–393 BC)

• Median Empire (complete list) –

• Deioces, King (694–665 BC)
• Phraortes, King (665–633 BC)
• Cyaxares, King (625–585 BC )
• Astyages, King (585–550 BC)

• Anshan (complete list) –

• Teispes, King (c.655–640 BC)
• Cyrus I, King (640–580 BC)
• Cambyses I, King (580–559 BC)
• Cyrus the Great, II

• King of Anshan (559–530 BC)
• King of Persia (?–530 BC)

• First Persian Empire/ Achaemenid Empire (complete list) –

• Cyrus the Great, II

• King of Anshan (559–530 BC)
• King of Kings (?–530 BC)

• Cambyses II, King of Kings (530–522 BC)
• Smerdis, King of Kings (522 BC)
• Gaumata, false Smerdis, usurper King (522 BC)
• Darius I, King of Kings (522–486 BC)
• Xerxes I, King of Kings (485–465 BC)
• Artaxerxes I, King of Kings (464–424 BC)
• Xerxes II, Great King, Shah (424 BC)
• Sogdianus, Great King, Shah (424–423 BC)
• Darius II, Great King, Shah (423–404 BC)
• Artaxerxes II, Great King, Shah (404–358 BC)

Asia

Burma

• Arakan –

Mythological monarchs

China: Spring and Autumn period (771–476/403 BC)

• Zhou, China: Eastern Zhou (complete list) –

• Ping, King (770–720 BC)
• Huan, King (719–697 BC)
• Zhuang, King (696–682 BC)
• Xi, King (681–677 BC)
• Hui, King (676–652 BC)
• Xiang, King (651–619 BC)
• Qing, King (618–613 BC)
• Kuang, King (612–607 BC)
• Ding, King (606–586 BC)
• Jian, King (585–572 BC)
• Ling, King (571–545 BC)
• Jing, King (544–520 BC)
• Dao, King (520 BC)
• Jìng, King (519–477 BC)

• Cai (complete list) –

• Xi, Marquis (809–761 BC)
• Gòng, Marquis (761–760 BC)
• Dai, Marquis (759–750 BC)
• Xuan, Marquis (749–715 BC)
• Huan, Marquis (714–695 BC)
• Ai, Marquis (694–675 BC)
• Mu, Marquis (674–646 BC)
• Zhuang, Marquis (645–612 BC)
• Wen, Marquis (611–592 BC)
• Jing, Marquis (591–543 BC)
• Ling, Marquis (542–531 BC)
• Ping, Marquis (530–522 BC)
• Dao, Marquis (521–519 BC)
• Zhao, Marquis (518–491 BC)
• Cheng, Marquis (490–472 BC)
• Sheng, Marquis (471–457 BC)
• Yuan, Marquis (456–451 BC)
• Qi, Marquis (450–447 BC)

• Cao (complete list) –

• Hui, Count (794–760 BC)
• Fei, Count (760–760 BC)
• Mu, Duke (759–757 BC)
• Huan, Duke (756–702 BC)
• Zhuang, Duke (701–671 BC)
• Li, Duke (670–662 BC)
• Zhao, Duke (661–653 BC)
• Gong, Duke (652–618 BC)
• Wen, Duke (617–595 BC)
• Xuan, Duke (594–578 BC)
• Cheng, Duke (577–555 BC)
• Wu, Duke (554–528 BC)
• Ping, Duke (527–524 BC)
• Dao, Duke (523–515 BC)
• Sheng, Duke (514–510 BC)
• Yin, Duke (509–506 BC)
• Jing, Duke (505–502 BC)
• Cao Bo yang, ruler (501–487 BC)

• Chen (complete list) –

• Ping, Duke ( 777–755 BC BC)
• Wen, Duke ( 754–745 BC BC)
• Huan, Duke ( 744–707 BC BC)
• Tuo, usurper ruler ( 707–706 BC BC)
• Li, Duke (706–700 BC BC)
• Zhuang, Duke ( 699–693 BC BC)
• Xuan, Duke ( 692–648 BC BC)
• Mu, Duke ( 647–632 BC BC)
• Gong, Duke ( 631–614 BC BC)
• Ling, Duke (7th century BC)
• Xia Zhengshu, ruler (7th–6th century BC)
• Cheng, Duke (c.6th century BC)
• Ai, Duke (c.6th century BC)
• Liu, Prince (c.6th century BC)
• (Chuan Fengxu), ruler (c.6th century BC)
• Hui, Duke (6th–5th century BC)
• Huai, Duke (c.5th century BC)
• Min, Duke (5th century BC)

• Chu (complete list) –

• Ruo'ao, ruler (790–764 BC)
• Xiao'ao, ruler (763–758 BC)
• Fenmao, ruler (757–741 BC)
• Wu, King (740–690 BC)
• Wen, King (689–677 BC)
• Du'ao, ruler (676–672 BC)
• Cheng, King (671–626 BC)
• Mu, King (625–614 BC)
• Zhuang, King (613–591 BC)
• Gong, King (590–560 BC)
• Kang, King (559–545 BC)
• Jia'ao, ruler (544–541 BC)
• Ling, King (540–529 BC)
• Zi'ao, ruler (529 BC)
• Ping, King (528–516 BC)
• Zhao, King (515–489 BC)
• Hui, King (488–432 BC)
• Jian, King (431–408 BC)

• Jin (complete list) –

• Wen, Marquis (780–746 BC)
• Zhao, Marquis (745–740 BC)
• Xiao, Marquis (739–724 BC)
• E, Marquis (723–718 BC)
• Ai, Marquis (717–709 BC)
• Xiaozi, Marquis (708–705 BC)
• Min, Marquis (704–678 BC)
• Huan Shu of Quwo, ruler (745–732 BC)
• Zhuang Bo of Quwo, ruler (731–716 BC)
• Wu, Duke of Quwo (715–679 BC), of Jin (678–677 BC)
• Xian, Duke (676–651 BC)
• Xiqi, ruler (651 BC)
• Zhuozi, ruler (651 BC)
• Hui, Duke (650–637 BC)
• Huai, Duke (637 BC)
• Wen, Duke (636–628 BC)
• Xiang, Duke (627–621 BC)
• Ling, Duke (620–607 BC)
• Cheng, Duke (606–600 BC)
• Jing, Duke (599–581 BC)
• Li, Duke (580–573 BC)
• Dao, Duke (573–558 BC)
• Ping, Duke (557–532 BC)
• Zhao, Duke (531–526 BC)
• Qing, Duke (525–512 BC)
• Ding, Duke (511–475 BC)
• Chu, Duke (474–452 BC)
• Jing, Duke (451–434 BC)
• You, Duke (433–416 BC)
• Lie, Duke (415–389 BC)

• Lu (complete list) –

• Xiao, Duke (795–769 BC)
• Hui, Duke (768–723 BC)
• Yin, Duke (722–712 BC)
• Huan, Duke (711–694 BC)
• Zhuang, Duke (693–662 BC)
• Ziban, ruler (662 BC)
• Min, Duke (661–660 BC)
• Xi, Duke (659–627 BC)
• Wen I, Duke (626–609 BC)
• Xuan, Duke (608–591 BC)
• Cheng, Duke (590–573 BC)
• Xiang, Duke (572–542 BC)
• Ziye, ruler (542 BC)
• Zhao, Duke (541–510 BC)
• Ding, Duke (509–495 BC)
• Ai, Duke (494–467 BC)
• Dao, Duke (466–429 BC)
• Yuan, Duke (428–408 BC)
• Mu, Duke (407–377 BC)

• Qi: House of Jiang (complete list) –

• Zhuang I, Duke (794–731 BC)
• Xi, Duke (730–698 BC)
• Xiang, Duke (697–686 BC)
• Wuzhi, ruler (686 BC)
• Huan, Duke (685–643 BC)
• Wukui, ruler (643 BC)
• Xiao, Duke (642–633 BC)
• Zhao, Duke (632–613 BC)
• She, ruler (613 BC)
• Yì, Duke (612–609 BC)
• Hui, Duke (608–599 BC)
• Qing, Duke (598–582 BC)
• Ling, Duke (581–554 BC)
• Zhuang II, Duke (553–548 BC)
• Jing, Duke (547–490 BC)
• An Ruzi, ruler (489 BC)
• Dao, Duke (488–485 BC)
• Jian, Duke (484–481 BC)
• Ping, Duke (480–456 BC)
• Xuan, Duke (455–405 BC)

• Qin (complete list) –

• Xiang, Duke (777–766 BC)
• Wen, Duke (765–716 BC)
• Xian, Duke (715–704 BC)
• Chuzi I, Duke (703–698 BC)
• Wu, Duke (697–678 BC)
• De, Duke (677–676 BC)
• Xuan, Duke (675–664 BC)
• Cheng, Duke (663–660 BC)
• Mu, Duke (659–621 BC)
• Kang, Duke (620–609 BC)
• Gong, Duke (608–604 BC)
• Huan, Duke (603–577 BC)
• Jing, Duke (576–537 BC)
• Ai, Duke (536–501 BC)
• Hui I, Duke (500–492 BC)
• Dao, Duke (491–477 BC)
• Ligong, Duke (476–443 BC)

• Song (complete list) –

• Dai, Duke (799-766 BC)
• Wu, Duke (765-748 BC)
• Xuan, Duke (747-729 BC)
• Mu, Duke (728-720 BC)
• Shang, Duke (719-711 BC)
• Zhuang, Duke (710-692 BC)
• Min, Duke (691-682 BC)
• You,, Duke (3 months)
• Huan, Duke (681-651 BC)
• Xiang, Duke (650–637 BC)
• Cheng, Duke (636-620 BC)
• Yu, Duke (a month)
• Zhao, Duke (619-611 BC)
• Wen, Duke (610-589 BC)
• Gong, Duke (588-576 BC)
• Ping, Duke (575-532 BC)
• Yuan, Duke (531-517 BC)
• Jing, Duke (516-451 BC)
• Zhao, Duke (450-404 BC)
• Dao, Duke (403-396 BC)

• Wey (complete list) –

• Wu, Duke (812-758 BC)
• Zhuang, Duke (757-735 BC)
• Huan, Duke (734-719 BC)
• Xuan, Duke (718-700 BC)
• Hui, Duke (699-669 BC)
• Yi, Duke (668-661 BC)
• Dai, Duke (660 BC)
• Wen, Duke (659-635 BC)
• Cheng, Duke (634-600 BC)
• Mu, Duke (599-589 BC)
• Ding, Duke (588-577 BC)
• Xian, Duke (576-559 BC)
• Shang, Duke (558-547 BC)
• Xian, Duke (546-544 BC)
• Xiang, Duke (543-535 BC)
• Ling, Duke (534-493 BC)
• Chu, Duke (492-481 BC)
• Zhuang, Duke (480-478 BC)

• Wu (complete list) –

• Shoumeng, ruler (585–561 BC)
• Zhufan, King (560–548 BC)
• Yuji, King (547–544 BC)
• Yumei, King (543–527 BC)
• Liao, King (526–515 BC)
• Helü, King (515–496 BC)
• Fuchai, King (495–473 BC)

• Yue (complete list) –

• Marquis Wuren of Yue, Marquis (7th–6th century BC)
• Marquis Wushen of Yue, Marquis (6th century BC)
• Marquis Futan of Yue, Marquis (565─538 BC)
• King Yunchang of Yue, King (?─497 BC)
• King Goujian of Yue, King (496─465 BC)
• King Luying of Yue, King (465─459 BC)
• King Bushou of Yue, King (459─449 BC)
• King Weng of Yue, King (449─412 BC)
• King Yi of Yue, King (412─376 BC)

• Zheng (complete list) –

• Huan, Duke (806–771 BC)
• Wu, Duke (770–744 BC)
• Zhuang, Duke (743–701 BC)
• Zhao, Duke (701 BC, 696-695 BC)
• Li, Duke (700–697 BC, 679–673 BC)
• Ziwei, Prince (694 BC)
• Zheng Ziying, ruler (693–680 BC)
• Wen, Duke (672–628 BC)
• Mu, Duke (627–606 BC)
• Ling, Duke (605 BC)
• Xiang, Duke (604–587 BC)
• Dao, Duke (586–585 BC)
• Cheng, Duke (584–581 BC, 581–571 BC)
• Xu, Prince (581 BC)
• Xi, Duke (581 BC, 570–566 BC)
• Jian, Duke (565–530 BC)
• Ding, Duke (529–514 BC)
• Xian, Duke (513–501 BC)
• Sheng, Duke (500–463 BC)
• Ai, Duke (462–455 BC)
• Gong, Duke (455–424 BC)
• You, Duke (423 BC)
• Xu, Duke (422–396 BC)

China: Warring States period (476/403–221 BC)

• Zhou, China: Eastern Zhou (complete list) –

• Yuan, King (476–469 BC)
• Zhending, King (468–441 BC)
• Ai, King (441 BC)
• Si, King (441 BC)
• Kao, King (440–426 BC)
• Weilie, King (425–402 BC)
• An, King (401–376 BC)

• Chu (complete list) –

• Jian, King (431–408 BC)
• Sheng, King (407–402 BC)
• Dao, King (401–381 BC)

• Han (complete list) –

• Wuzi, ruler (424–409 BC)
• Jing, Marquess (408–400 BC)

• Qi: House of Jiang (complete list) –

• Xuan, Duke (455–405 BC)
• Kang, Duke (404–386 BC)

• Qi: House of Tian (complete list) –

• Tai, Duke (404–384 BC)

• Qin (complete list) –

• Ligong, Duke (476–443 BC)
• Zao, Duke (442–429 BC)
• Huai, Duke (428–425 BC)
• Ling, Duke (424–415 BC)
• Jian, Duke (414–400 BC)

• Wei (complete list) –

• Wen, Marquess (445–396 BC)

• Zhao (complete list) –

• Xian, Marquess (424–409 BC)
• Lie, Marquess (409–387 BC)

Korea: Gojoseon

Legendary monarchs

Japan

• Japan (complete list) –

Legendary monarchs

India

• Magadha: Haryanka dynasty (complete list) –

• Bimbisara (c.544–c.492 BC)
• Ajatashatru (c.492–c.460 BCE)
• Udayin, King (c.460–c.440 BC)
• Anuruddha, King (c.440 BC–?)
• Munda, King (?–c.437 BC)
• Nāgadāsaka, King (c.437–c.413 BC)

• Magadha: Shishunaga dynasty (complete list) –

• Shishunaga, King (413–395 BC)

Sri Lanka

• Kingdom of Tambapanni (complete list) –

• Vijaya, King (543–505 BC)

• Kingdom of Upatissa Nuwara (complete list) –

• Upatissa, King (505–504 BC)
• Panduvasdeva, King (504–474 BC)
• Abhaya, King (474–454 BC)
• Tissa, King (454–437 BC)
• Pandukabhaya, King (437–377 BC)

Europe

• Athens (complete list) –

Creon, Archon (682–681 BC)[1] Lysiades, Archon (681–680 BC) Tlesias, Archon (680–679 BC) Leostratus, Archon (671–670 BC) Pisistratus, Archon (669–668 BC) Autosthenes, Archon (668–667 BC) Miltiades, Archon (664–663 BC)[2] Miltiades, Archon (659–658 BC)[2] Dropides, Archon (645–644 BC) Damasias, Archon (639–638 BC) Epaenetus (?), Archon (634–633 BC)[3] Megacles, Archon (632–631 BC) Aristaechmus, Archon (624–623 BC) Heniochides, Archon (615–614 BC) Aristocles, Archon (605–604 BC)

Critias, Archon (600–599 BC) Cypselus, Archon (597–596 BC)[4] Telecles, Archon (596–595 BC)[4] Philombrotus, Archon (595–594 BC)[4] Solon, Archon (594–593 BC) Dropides, Archon (593–592 BC) Eucrates, Archon (592–591 BC) Simon, Archon (591–590 BC) Phormion, Archon (589–588 BC) Philippus, Archon (588–587 BC) Damasias, Archon (582–581 BC) Damasias, Archon (581–580 BC) Archestratidas, Archon (577–576 BC) Aristomenes, Archon (570–569 BC) Hippocleides, Archon (566–565 BC) Komeas, Archon (561–560 BC) Hegestratus, Archon (560–559 BC) Hegesias, Archon (556–555 BC) Euthidemus, Archon (555–554 BC) Erxicleides, Archon (548–547 BC) Thespius, Archon (547–546 BC)[4] Phormion, Archon (546–545 BC)[4] Thericles, Archon (533–532 BC) Philoneus, Archon (528–527 BC) Onetor, Archon (527–526 BC)[5] Hippias, Archon (526–525 BC) Cleisthenes, Archon (525–524 BC)[6] Miltiades, Archon (524–523 BC) Calliades, Archon (523–522 BC) Pisistratus, Archon (522–521 BC) Hebron (?), Archon (518–517 BC)[7] Harpactides, Archon (511–510 BC) Scamandrius, Archon (510–509 BC) Lysagoras, Archon (509–508 BC) Isagoras, Archon (508–507 BC) Alcmeon, Archon (507–506 BC) Acestorides, Archon (504–503 BC) Hermocreon, Archon (501–500 BC)

• Athens (complete list) –

Hermocreon, Archon (501–500 BC) Smyrus (?), Archon (500–499 BC)[8] Archias, Archon (497–496 BC)[9] Hipparchus, Archon (496–495 BC) Philippus, Archon (495–494 BC) Pythocritus, Archon (494–493 BC) Themistocles, Archon (493–492 BC) Diognetus, Archon (492–491 BC) Hybrilides, Archon (491–490 BC) Phaenippus, Archon (490–489 BC) Aristides the Just, Archon (489–488 BC) Anchises, Archon (488–487 BC) Telesinus, Archon (487–486 BC)[10] Philocrates, Archon (485–484 BC) Leostratus, Archon (484–483 BC) Nicodemus, Archon (483–482 BC) Hypsichides, Archon (481–480 BC) Calliades, Archon (480–479 BC)[11] Xanthippus, Archon (479–478 BC) Timosthenes, Archon (478–477 BC) Adimantus, Archon (477–476 BC) Phaedon, Archon (476–475 BC) Dromoclides, Archon (475–474 BC) Acestorides, Archon (474–473 BC) Menon, Archon (473–472 BC) Chares, Archon (472–471 BC) Praxiergus, Archon (471–470 BC) Demotion, Archon (470–469 BC) Apsephion, Archon (469–468 BC) Theagenides, Archon (468–467 BC)

Lysistratus, Archon (467–466 BC) Lysanias, Archon (466–465 BC) Lysitheus, Archon (465–464 BC) Archedemides, Archon (464–463 BC) Tlepolemus, Archon (463–462 BC) Conon, Archon (462–461 BC) Euthippus, Archon (461–460 BC) Phrasicles, Archon (460–459 BC) Philocles, Archon (459–458 BC) Habron, Archon (458–457 BC) Mnesitheides, Archon (457–456 BC) Callias, Archon (456–455 BC) Sosistratus, Archon (455–454 BC) Ariston, Archon (454–453 BC) Lysicrates, Archon (453–452 BC) Chaerephanes, Archon (452–451 BC) Antidotus, Archon (451–450 BC) Euthydemus, Archon (450–449 BC) Pedieus, Archon (449–448 BC) Philiscus, Archon (448–447 BC) Timarchides, Archon (447–446 BC) Callimachus, Archon (446–445 BC) Lysimachides, Archon (445–444 BC) Praxiteles, Archon (444–443 BC) Lysanias, Archon (443–442 BC) Diphilus, Archon (442–441 BC) Timocles, Archon (441–440 BC) Morychides, Archon (440–439 BC) Glaukinos, Archon (439–438 BC) Theodorus, Archon (438–437 BC) Euthymenes, Archon (437–436 BC) Lysimachus, Archon (436–435 BC) Antiochides, Archon (435–434 BC)

Krates, Archon (434–433 BC) Apseudes, Archon (433–432 BC) Pythodorus, Archon (432–431 BC) Euthydemus, Archon (431–430 BC) Apollodorus, Archon (430–429 BC) Epameinon, Archon (429–428 BC) Diotimus, Archon (428–427 BC) Eukles, Archon (427–426 BC) Euthynos, Archon (426–425 BC) Stratocles, Archon (425–424 BC) Isarchus, Archon (424–423 BC) Amynias, Archon (423–422 BC) Alcaeus, Archon (422–421 BC) Aristion, Archon (421–420 BC) Astyphilus, Archon (420–419 BC) Archias, Archon (419–418 BC) Antiphon, Archon (418–417 BC) Euphemus, Archon (417–416 BC) Arimnestus, Archon (416–415 BC) Charias, Archon (415–414 BC) Tisandrus, Archon (414–413 BC) Cleocritus, Archon (413–412 BC) Callias Scambonides, Archon (412–411 BC) Mnasilochus (died); Theopompus, Archon (411–410 BC) Glaucippus, Archon (410–409 BC) Diocles, Archon (409–408 BC) Euctemon, Archon (408–407 BC) Antigenes, Archon (407–406 BC) Callias Angelides, Archon (406–405 BC) Alexias, Archon (405–404 BC) Pythodorus, Archon (404–403 BC) Eucleides, Archon (403–402 BC)[12] Mikon, Archon (402–401 BC) Xenainetos, Archon (401–400 BC)

• Dacia (complete list) –

• Charnabon, King (5th century BC)

• Epirus (complete list) –

• Admetus, King (before 470–430 BC)
• Tharrhypas, King (430–392 BC)

• Ireland (High King)

Legendary monarchs

• Macedonia: Argead dynasty (complete list) –

• Caranus, King (808–778 BC)
• Coenus, King (778–750 BC)
• Tyrimmas, King (750–700 BC)
• Perdiccas I, King (700–678 BC)
• Argaeus I, King (678–640 BC)
• Philip I, King (640–602 BC)
• Aeropus I, King (602–576 BC)
• Alcetas I, King (576–547 BC)
• Amyntas I, King (547–498 BC)
• Alexander I, King (498–454 BC)
• Alcetas II, King (454–448 BC)
• Perdiccas II, King (448–413 BC)
• Archelaus I, King (413–399 BC)

• Odrysian kingdom of Thrace (complete list) –

• Teres I, King (460–445 BC)^[13]
• Sparatocos, King (450–431 BC)
• Sitalces, King (431–424 BC)
• Seuthes I, King (424–410 BC)^[14]
• Amadocus I, King (408–389 BC)^[15]
• Seuthes II, King (405–387 BC)

• Roman Kingdom (complete list) –

• Tullus Hostilius, King (673–642 BC)
• Ancus Marcius, King (642–617 BC)
• Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, King (616–579 BC)
• Servius Tullius, King (578–535 BC)
• Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, King (535–510/509 BC)

• Roman Republic (complete list) –

500 Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, Consul M' Tullius Longus, Consul 499 T. Aebutius Elva, Consul P. (or C.) Veturius Geminus Cicurinus, Consul 498 Q. Cloelius Siculus, Consul T. Lartius Flavus (or Rufus) II, Consul 497 A. Sempronius Atratinus, Consul M. Minucius Augurinus, Consul 496 A. Postumius Albus Regillensis, Consul T. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus, Consul 495 Ap. Claudius Sabinus Inregillensis, Consul P. Servilius Priscus Structus, Consul 494 A. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus, Consul T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus, Consul Manius Valerius Maximus, Dictator (494 BC) 493 Post. Cominius Auruncus II, Consul Sp. Cassius Viscellinus, Consul 492 T. Geganius Macerinus, Consul P. Minucius Augurinus, Consul 491 M. Minucius Augurinus, Consul A. Sempronius Atratinus, Consul 490 Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, Consul Sp. Larcius Rufus (or Flavus) II, Consul 489 C. Iulius Iullus, Consul P. Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus, Consul 488 Sp. Nautius Rutilus, Consul Sex. Furius Medullinus (Fusus?), Consul 487 T. Sicinius (Sabinus?), Consul C. Aquillius, Consul 486 Sp. Cassius Viscellinus, Consul Proculus Verginius Tricostus Rutilus, Consul 485 Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Consul Q. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul 484 L. Aemilius Mamercus, Consul K. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul 483 M. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul L. Valerius Potitus, Consul 482 Q. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul C. Iulius Iullus, Consul 481 K. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus, Consul 480 M. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul Cn. Manlius Cincinnatus, Consul 479 K. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul T. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus, Consul 478 L. Aemilius Mamercus, Consul C. Servilius Structus Ahala,[16] Consul Opet. Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus, Consul suffectus 477 C. (or M.) Horatius Pulvillus, Consul T. Menenius Lanatus, Consul 476 A. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus, Consul Sp. (or P.) Servilius Structus, Consul 475 P. Valerius Poplicola, Consul C. Nautius Rutilus, Consul 474 L. Furius Medullinus, Consul A. (or Cn.) Manlius Vulso, Consul 473 L. Aemilius Mamercus, Consul Vop. Iulius Iullus,[17] Consul 472 L. Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus, Consul P. Furius Medullinus Fusus, Consul 471 Ap. Claudius Sabinus, Consul T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Consul 470 L. Valerius Potitus, Consul Ti. Aemilius Mamercus, Consul 469 T. Numicius Priscus, Consul A. Verginius Caeliomontanus, Consul 468 T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Consul Q. Servilius Structus Priscus, Consul

467 Ti. Aemilius Mamercus, Consul Q. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul 466 Q. Servilius (Structus) Priscus, Consul Sp. Postumius Albinus Regillensis, Consul 465 Q. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Consul 464 A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis, Consul Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus, Consul 463 P. Servilius Priscus, Consul L. Aebutius Helva, Consul 462 L. Lucretius Tricipitinus, Consul T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus, Consul 461 P. Volumnius Amintinus Gallus, Consul Ser. (or P.) Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, Consul 460 P. Valerius Poplicola, Consul C. Claudius Inregillensis Sabinus, Consul L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, Consul suffectus 459 Q. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul L. Cornelius Maluginensis Uritinus, Consul 458 C. Nautius Rutilus, Consul L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus,[18] Consul L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, Dictator (458 BC) 457 C. Horatius Pulvillus or: L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, Consul Q. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus or: M. Fabius Vibulanus,[19] Consul 456 M. Valerius Maximus Lactuca, Consul Sp. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus, Consul 455 T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus, Consul C. Veturius Cicurinus, Consul 454 Sp. Tarpeius Montanus Capitolinus, Consul A. Aternius Varus Fontinalis, Consul 453 Sex. Quinctilius, Consul P. Curiatius Fistus Trigeminus, Consul Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus, Consul suffectus 452 T. Menenius Lanatus, Consul P. Sestius Capitolinus Vaticanus, Consul 451 Ap. Claudius Crassinus Inregillensis Sabinus, Consul T. Genucius Augurinus, Consul Decemviri: Ap. Claudius Crassinus Inregillensis Sabinus, A. Manlius Vulso, T. Genucius Augurinus, P. or Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, T. or Sp. or L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus, P. Curiatius Fistus Trigeminus, P. Sestius Capito Vaticanus, T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus, C. Iulius Iullus, Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis 450 – Decemviri: Ap. Claudius Crassinus Inregillensis Sabinus, Q. Poetelius Libo Visolus, M. Cornelius Maluginensis, T. Antonius Merenda, M. Sergius Esquilinus, K. Duillius, L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus, Sp. Oppius Cornicen, Q. Fabius Vibulanus, M' Rabuleius 449 – Decemviri: Ap. Claudius Crassinus Inregillensis Sabinus, Q. Poetelius Libo Visolus, M. Cornelius Maluginensis, T. Antonius Merenda, M. Sergius Esquilinus, K. Duillius, L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus, Sp. Oppius Cornicen, Q. Fabius Vibulanus, M' Rabuleius, L. Valerius Potitus, M. Horatius (Tu?)rrinus Barbatus 448 Lars (or Sp.) Herminius Coritinesanus, Consul T. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus, Consul 447 M. Geganius Macerinus, Consul C. Iulius Iullus, Consul 446 T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Consul Agrippa Furius Fusus, Consul 445 M. Genucius Augurinus, Consul C. (or Agrippa) Curtius Philo, Consul 444 – Consular Tribunes: A. Sempronius Atratinus, T. Cloelius Siculus, L. Atilius Luscus, L. Papirius Mugillanus, L. Sempronius Atratinus 443 M. Geganius Macerinus, Consul T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Consul 442 M. Fabius Vibulanus, Consul Post. Aebutius Helva Cornicen, Consul 441 C. Furius Pacilus Fusus, Consul M. (or M') Papirius Crassus, Consul 440 Proc. Geganius Macerinus, Consul L. Menenius Lanatus or: T. Menenius Lanatus,[20] Consul 439 Agrippa Menenius Lanatus, Consul T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Consul Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, Dictator (439 BC) 438 – Consular Tribunes: Mam. Aemilius Macerinus, L. Iulius Iullus, L. Quinctius Cincinnatus

437 M. Geganius Macerinus, Consul L. Sergius Fidenas, Consul M. Valerius Lactuca Maximus, Consul suffectus 436 L. Papirius Crassus, Consul M. Cornelius Maluginensis, Consul 435 C. Iulius (or Iullus), Consul L. (or Proc.) Verginius Tricostus, Consul 434 C. Iulius (or Iullus) or: M. Manlius Capitolinus, Consul L. (or Proc.) Verginius Tricostus or Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Praetextatus,[21] Consul – Consular Tribunes: Ser. Cornelius Cossus, Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Praetextatus, M. Manlius Capitolinus 433 – Consular Tribunes: M. Fabius Vibulanus, L. Sergius Fidenas, M. Folius Flaccinator 432 – Consular Tribunes: L. Pinarius Mamercus, Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis, L. Furius Medullinus 431 T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus, Consul C. (or Cn.) Iulius Mento, Consul 430 C. (or L.) Papirius Crassus, Consul L. Iulius Iullus, Consul 429 Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus, Consul L. Sergius Fidenas, Consul 428 A. Cornelius Cossus or L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, Consul T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus or A. Sempronius Atratinus,[22] Consul 427 C. Servilius Ahala, Consul L. Papirius Mugillanus, Consul 426 – Consular Tribunes: T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus, M. Postumius ---, C. Furius Pacilus Fusus, A. Cornelius Cossus 425 – Consular Tribunes: A. Sempronius Atratinus, L. Furius Medullinus, L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, L. Horatius Barbatus 424 – Consular Tribunes: Ap. Claudius Crassus, L. Sergius Fidenas, Sp. Nautius Rutilus, Sex. Iulius Iullus 423 C. Sempronius Atratinus, Consul Q. Fabius Vibulanus Ambustus, Consul 422 – Consular Tribunes: L. Manlius Capitolinus, L. Papirius Mugillanus, Q. Antonius Merenda 421 N. (or Cn.) Fabius Vibulanus, Consul T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Consul 420 – Consular Tribunes: L. Quinctius Cincinnatus or: T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus, M. Manlius Vulso, L. Furius Medullinus, A. Sempronius Atratinus 419 – Consular Tribunes: Agrippa Menenius Lanatus, Sp. Nautius Rutilus, P. Lucretius Tricipitinus, C. Servilius Axilla 418 – Consular Tribunes: L. Sergius Fidenas, C. Servilius Axilla, M. Papirius Mugillanus 417 – Consular Tribunes: P. Lucretius Tricipitinus, Agrippa Menenius Lanatus, Sp. Rutilius Crassus or: Sp. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus, C. Servilius Axilla 416 – Consular Tribunes: A. Sempronius Atratinus, Q. Fabius Vibulanus Ambustus, M. Papirius Mugillanus, Sp. Nautius Rutilus 415 – Consular Tribunes: P. Cornelius Cossus, N. Fabius Vibulanus, C. Valerius Potitus Volusus, Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus 414 – Consular Tribunes: Cn. Cornelius Cossus, Q. Fabius Vibulanus Ambustus, L. Valerius Potitus, P. Postumius Albinus Regillensis 413 A. Cornelius Cossus, Consul L. Furius Medullinus, Consul 412 Q. Fabius Vibulanus Ambustus, Consul C. Furius Pacilus, Consul 411 M. Papirius Mugillanus (or Atratinus?), Consul Sp. Nautius Rutilus, Consul 410 M' Aemilius Mamercinus, Consul C. Valerius Potitus Volusus, Consul 409 Cn. Cornelius Cossus, Consul L. Furius Medullinus, Consul 408 – Consular Tribunes: C. Iulius Iullus, C. Servilius Ahala, P. Cornelius Cossus 407 – Consular Tribunes: L. Furius Medullinus, N. Fabius Vibulanus, C. Valerius Potitus Volusus, C. Servilius Ahala 406 – Consular Tribunes: P. Cornelius Rutilus Cossus, N. Fabius Ambustus, Cn. Cornelius Cossus, L. Valerius Potitus 405 – Consular Tribunes: T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus, Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus, L. Furius Medullinus, C. Iulius Iullus, M' Aemilius Mamercinus 404 – Consular Tribunes: C. Valerius Potitus Volusus, Cn. Cornelius Cossus, M' Sergius Fidenas, K. Fabius Ambustus, P. Cornelius Maluginensis, Sp. Nautius Rutilus 403 – Consular Tribunes: M' Aemilius Mamercinus, M. Quinctilius Varus, L. Valerius Potitus, L. Iulius Iullus, Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis, M. Furius Fusus 402 – Consular Tribunes: C. Servilius Ahala, Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, Q. Servilius Fidenas, A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus, L. Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus, M' Sergius Fidenas 401 – Consular Tribunes: L. Valerius Potitus, Cn. Cornelius Cossus, M. Furius Camillus, K. Fabius Ambustus, M' Aemilius Mamercinus, L. Iulius Iullus

• Sparta (complete list) –

• Ariston, King (c.550–515 BC)
• Demaratus , King (c.515–491 BC)
• Leotychidas, King (c.491–469 BC)
• Archidamus II, King (c.469–427 BC)
• Agis II, King (c.427–401/400 BC)
• Agesilaus II, King (c.401/400–360 BC)

• Syracuse (complete list) –

• Gelo, Tyrant (485–478 BC)
• Hiero I, Tyrant (478–466 BC)
• Thrasybulus, Tyrant (466–465 BC)
• Dionysius the Elder, Tyrant (405–367 BC)

References

1. Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates of archons down to 481/0 BC are taken from T. J. Cadoux, "The Athenian Archons from Kreon to Hypsichides", Journal of Hellenic Studies, 68 (1948), pp. 70-123
2. Cadoux notes "We cannot be sure that it was the same man who held the second archonship, nor, if we held that it was, do we know anything of the circumstances under which this happened. Nor, again, do we know if this man or men belonged to the Philaid family." ("Athenian Archons", p. 90)
3. Cadoux notes this entry is based on a surviving passage of Hippys of Rhegion which is very obscure; Hippys states one Epainetos was king at Athens in the 36th Olympiad. However, this statement is full of mistakes which makes Cadooux suspicious of this passage. ("Athenian Archons", p. 91)
4. Per one surviving fragment of the Athenian Archon list. Donald W. Bradeen, "The Fifth-Century Archon List", Hesperia, 32 (1963), pp. 187-208
5. So Cadoux and Alan Samuel; Benjamin D. Merrit notes the name could be read "Onetorides". (Merrit, "Greek inscriptions, 14-27", Hesperia, 8 (1939), p 60)
6. This identification has been questioned by Matthew P. J. Dillon, "Was Kleisthenes of Pleisthenes Archon at Athens in 525 BC?", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 155 (2006), pp. 91-107
7. Alan Samuel is doubtful this archon existed, claiming this is based on Eustathius' misunderstanding his source, which provides the date Pindar died, not when he was born. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), p. 204
8. Cadoux suspects this is a corruption of the archon's real name. ("Athenian Archons", p. 116)
9. Added from Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 205
10. Nine archons were appointed by lot by the tribes from 500 nominees chosen by the demes and that this was the method in the Archonship of Telesinus. See also the Areopagite constitution.
11. Unless otherwise noted, archons from 480/79 to 348/7 BC are taken from Alan E. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), pp. 206-210.
12. Sophocles: The Oedipus Coloneus. 3d ed. 1900 By Sophocles, Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb. Pg 4. (cf. Micon was [the Archon of] 402 B.C., Callias of [the Archon of] 406 B.C. Between them came Alexias (405), Pythodorus (404, the Anarchy), and Eucleides (403).)
13. The Thracians 700 BC–AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001, ISBN 1-84176-329-2, page 5
14. The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998, ISBN 0-19-815047-4, page 104
15. Thracian Kings, University of Michigan
16. So the Fasti Capitolini. Diodorus Siculus XI.52.1 names C. Cornelius Lentulus as the colleague of Mamercus (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 256)
17. so Dionysius of Halicarnassus (IX.37.2) and Fasti Capitolini, which Livy admits is an alternative to the man he names as Mamercus' colleague, Opet. Verginius (II.54.3). Diodorus Siculus (XI.65.1) names L. Stoudios Iulius as Mamercus' colleague. (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 256)
18. So Livy III.25.1, Diodorus XI.88.1, and others; however the Fasti Capitolini makes him suffect consul and puts Carve[tus] or Carve[ntanus] in his place. (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 256)
19. This later pair is given by Diodorus XII.3.1
20. Livy IV.12.6 records his praenomen as Lucius, while Diodorus XII.36.1 gives it as Titus.
21. Livy (IV.23.1–3) states Iulius and Verginius were consuls, based on the testimony of Licinius and Macer, while admitting Valerius Antias and Tubero both report Manlius and Sulpicius as consuls. Diodorus (XII.53.1) includes Manlius and Sulpicius as Consular Tribunes for the year. (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 258)
22. Diodorus Siculus (XII.77.1) inserts these two.