Lynestrenol

Lynestrenol
Systematic (IUPAC) name

(8R,9R,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-ethynyl-13-methyl- 2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydro- 1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-ol
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Identifiers
CAS Number	52-76-6^Y
ATC code	G03AC02 (WHO) G03DC03; G03AA03 G03AB02 G03FA07 G03FB02 (combinations with estrogens)
PubChem	CID 5857
ChemSpider	5648^Y
UNII	N2Z8ALG4U5^Y
KEGG	D01580^Y
Chemical data
Formula	C₂₀H₂₈O
Molar mass	284.436 g/mol
SMILES C#C[C@]2(O)CC[C@H]1[C@H]4[C@H](CC[C@@]12C)[C@@H]3\C(=C/CCC3)CC4
InChI InChI=1S/C20H28O/c1-3-20(21)13-11-18-17-9-8-14-6-4-5-7-15(14)16(17)10-12-19(18,20)2/h1,6,15-18,21H,4-5,7-13H2,2H3/t15-,16+,17+,18-,19-,20-/m0/s1^Y Key:YNVGQYHLRCDXFQ-XGXHKTLJSA-N^Y
(verify)

Lynestrenol (INN, USAN, BAN, JAN), also known as 17α-ethinyl-3-desoxy-19-nortestosterone, is a steroidal progestin. It is a synthetic orally available progestagen associated with numerous effects of the natural progesterone hormone. Lynestrenol has a strong progestational effect on the uterine endometrium (transforming proliferative endometrium into secretory one), inhibits secretion of gonadotropin, suppresses maturation of follicles in the ovaries and ovulation, reduces menstrual bleeding. This synthetic gestagen is associated with minimal estrogenic, androgenic and anabolic effects. Lynestrenol is used in treatment of hormonal disorders and diseases caused by insufficient secretion of the natural progesterone, except in case of risky pregnancies and prevention of miscarriage, since it is not efficient enough in this indication.

Pharmacology

After oral administration lynestrenol is quickly resorbed and converted into pharmacologically active norethisterone, through which it demonstrates the main biological effects. The peak blood are reached within 2–4 hours after oral administration, 97% of the administered dose being bound to plasma proteins. Lynestrenol and its metabolites are predominantly excreted in the urine, less through feces, active metabolite norethisterone elimination halftime being 16-17 h.

Synthesis

Lynestrenol synthesis:^[1]^[2]

In another approach to analogs, nortestosterone (1) is first converted to the dithioketal (2) by treatment with dithioglycol in the presence of boron trifluoride. (The mild conditions of this reaction compared to those usually employed in preparing the oxygen ketals probably accounts for the double bond remaining at 4,5). Treatment of this derivative with sodium in liquid ammonia affords the 3-desoxy analog (3). Oxidation by means of Jones reagent followed by ethynylation of the 17-ketone leads to the orally active progestin (6).

Positional isomers

These are easily confused.

Tigestrol (C5=C10 olefin) synthesis: GB 841411 (1960 to ORGANON LABOR LTD).

Cingestol C5=C6 olefin

References

↑ M. S. de Winter, C. M. Siegmann and S. A. Szpilfogel, Chem. Ind. , 905 (1959).
↑ http://www.chemspider.com/Search.aspx?q=Cingestol

Progestogens and antiprogestogens

Progestogens

Retroprogesterone	Dydrogesterone Trengestone

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone	Algestone Algestone acetophenide Chlormadinone acetate Cyproterone acetate Delmadinone acetate Hydroxyprogesterone acetate Hydroxyprogesterone caproate Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate Medroxyprogesterone Medroxyprogesterone acetate^# Megestrol acetate Melengestrol acetate Other substitutions: Haloprogesterone (17α-bromo) Medrogestone (17α-methyl) Proligestone (14α,17α-propylidenedioxy)

19-Norprogesterone	Demegestone Gestonorone caproate Nestorone Nomegestrol acetate Norgestomet Promegestone Trimegestone

17α-Ethynyltestosterone	Dimethisterone Ethisterone

19-Nortestosterone	Allylestrenol Altrenogest Desogestrel Dienogest Etonogestrel Etynodiol diacetate Gestodene Gestrinone Levonorgestrel^# Lynestrenol Norelgestromine Norethandrolone Norethisterone (norethindrone)^# Norethisterone acetate Norethisterone enanthate Noretynodrel Norgesterone Norgestimate Norgestrel Norgestrienone Normethandrone (methylestrenolone) Norvinisterone Quingestanol acetate Tibolone Trenbolone

17α-Spirolactone	Canrenone Drospirenone Potassium canrenoate Spironolactone

Others	Progesterone Non-steroidal: Tanaproget^§

SPRMs /
antiprogestogens

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Progestogenics

Receptor
(ligands)

Agonists	3,8-Dihydrodiligustilide 5α-Dihydroprogesterone 20α-Dihydroprogesterone 11-Dehydroprogesterone 11-Deoxycorticosterone 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone 19-Norprogesterone Δ^4-Tibolone Algestone Algestone acetonide Algestone acetophenide Allylestrenol Altrenogest Amadinone Amadinone acetate Anagestone Anagestone acetate Canrenoic acid Canrenone Chlormadinone Chlormadinone acetate Cingestol Cismadinone Cismadinone acetate Clogestone Clogestone acetate Clomegestone Clometerone Cyproterone acetate Danazol Delmadinone Delmadinone acetate Demegestone Desogestrel Dienogest Dimethisterone Diosgenin Drospirenone Dydrogesterone Edogesterone Ethisterone Ethynerone Etonogestrel Etynodiol Etynodiol diacetate Flugestone Flugestone acetate Gestaclone Gestadienol Gestodene Gestonorone Gestonorone caproate Gestovister Gestrinone Gestronol Guggulsterone Haloprogesterone Hydromadinone Hydroxyprogesterone acetate Hydroxyprogesterone caproate Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate Hydroxyprogesterone hexanoate Levonorgestrel Lutenyl Lynestrenol Medrogestone Medroxyprogesterone Medroxyprogesterone acetate Megestrol Megestrol acetate Melengestrol Melengestrol acetate Mespirenone Methylestrenolone Methynodiol Methynodiol diacetate Mometasone furoate Nandrolone Nestorone Nomegestrol Nomegestrol acetate Norelgestromin Norethisterone (norethindrone) Norethisterone acetate Norethisterone acetate oxime Norethisterone enanthate Noretynodrel Norgesterone Norgestimate Norgestomet Norgestrel Norgestrienone Norvinisterone Org-2058 Oxogestone Oxogestone phenpropionate Pentagestrone Potassium canrenoate Progesterone Proligestone Promegestone Retroprogesterone Riligustilide Quingestanol Quingestanol acetate Quingestrone Segesterone Spironenone Spironolactone Tanaproget Tetrahydrogestrinone Tibolone Tigestol Tosagestin Trengestone Trimegestone ZM-182,345

Mixed (SPRMs)	Apigenin Asoprisnil Asoprisnil ecamate Kaempferol J1042 LG-120,838 Naringenin Syringic acid Telapristone Antagonistic: Mifepristone Org-31710 Org-33628 Ulipristal acetate ZK-137,316

Antagonists	3α-Hydroxytibolone 3β-Hydroxytibolone Aglepristone Lilopristone Lonaprisan Onapristone Toripristone Valproic acid Vilaprisan ZM-150,271 ZM-172,406

Enzyme

Modulators	See here instead (modulators of 20,22-desmolase, 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase, 3β-HSD, and 21-hydroxylase).

Others

Precursors/prohormones	Cholesterol 22R-Hydroxycholesterol 20α,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol Pregnenolone Pregnenolone sulfate 17-Hydroxypregnenolone

Indirect	Antigonadotropins (e.g., estrogens, progestogens, prolactin) GnRH agonists (e,g, GnRH, leuprorelin) GnRH antagonists (e.g., cetrorelix) Gonadotropins (e.g., FSH, hCG, LH) Kisspeptin Plasma proteins (ABP, albumin, SHBG)

See also: Androgenics • Estrogenics • Glucocorticoids • Mineralocorticoids

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